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1.	Högberg, Karl-Anders, et al. (författare) Critical factors affecting ex vitro performance of somatic embryo plants of Picea abies 2001 Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 16:4, s. 295-304 Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract The potential to use somatic embryos for large-scale propagation of elite genotypes, for integration into breeding programmes and for connecting breeding and mass propagation, is receiving much attention. However, before the methods are applied it is important that the plants regenerated via somatic embryogenesis grow as expected, i.e. as seedlings or cuttings. Growth of somatic embryo plants is under a cumulative influence of a number of treatments given during the in vitro phase and during the ex vitro establishment phase. The aim of this study was to identify treatments with a negative influence on the subsequent growth of somatic embryo plants of Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.). Based on the results, the time of contact with abscisic acid during somatic embryo maturation and the length of continuous light treatment (CLT) during the first growth period strongly affect the height growth during two successive growth periods. In both cases longer treatments exerted negative effects. Based on these results a new method was set up, which includes: (1) prematuration treatment of the suspension culture in a growth regulator-free medium, by which the maturation step is synchronized and contracted; and (2) a two-phase germination treatment, first on a solidified medium and then in a liquid medium. This treatment avoids extended CLT during the first growth period. Another advantage of the two-phase germination treatment is a better root-system development. Somatic embryo plants produced according to this method can be transferred directly from in vitro conditions to the greenhouse.
2.	Abrahamsson, Sara, et al. (författare) Inheritance of height growth and autumn cold hardiness based on two generations of full-sib and half-sib families of Pinus sylvestris 2012 Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 27, s. 405-413 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The genetic variability in height growth and autumn cold hardiness were evaluated in a full-sib family of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris (L.)) in a field trial in northern Sweden and 358 open pollinated families generated from the progeny of the full-sib cross. Height and autumn cold hardiness were assessed in the progeny of the full-sib cross at 9-19 years of age and on 3995 open pollinated progenies at three years of age. The autumn cold hardiness [critical temperature (CT)] of trees and progenies was tested by artificial freeze testing of detached needles at various temperatures. Significant genetic variation was found among progenies in both height growth and cold hardiness with a narrow sense heritability of 0.16 and 0.37, respectively. There was also a significant positive genetic correlation (r(a) = 0.39) between height growth and CT with taller trees showing later autumn cold acclimation. It was concluded that there is significant additive genetic variance for height and CT which warrants a potential for mapping quantitative trait loci. Furthermore, the low heritability for height growth shows the importance of removing the environmental influence by using additive genetic predictions instead of phenotypic measurements thereby improving the accuracy of genetic associations.
3.	Alarcon Ferrari, Cristian, et al. (författare) Forest research from a critical perspective - How can it contribute to new knowledge? 2012 Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 27, s. 108-119 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This paper develops insights from critical social theory with the aim of laying some foundations for critical forest research (CFR). The authors argue that such an approach could create needed knowledge about contemporary forest issues. In doing so, the paper first delves into the distinction between forest policy and politics of forests which is identified as a conceptually relevant issue within the context of CFR. Second, it uses the outcomes of the workshop Forest research from a critical perspective - How can it contribute to new knowledge? that was convened by the authors at the first Nordic Conference on Forest Policy Science held in Uppsala October 2010 to build on the conceptualisation of politics and policy within forest research. The combined findings of both a literature review on the issue of politics of forest and forest policy and the aforementioned workshop show that the conceptual difference between policy and politics is a key theoretical issue in relation to future prospects for CFR. In addition the results of the workshop clearly identified the epistemological, normative, social change dimensions and awareness of structural barriers as being at the core of attempts to develop theoretically grounded CFR. It is argued that a clarification of the concept "critique" is important within this context.
4.	Andersson, Elias, et al. (författare) In the eye of the storm : adaptation logics of forest owners in management and planning in Swedish areas 2018 Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 33:8, s. 800-808 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract With a changing climate, storm and wind throw is becoming an increasing risk to forest. However, Swedish forest management practices have so far involved relatively little consideration of adaptation to climate change. This study examined resistance and alternatives to business as usual forest management, drawing upon material obtained in interviews with individual forest owners who spontaneously identified and discussed storm and wind throw as a risk to their forest. They thereby expressed a logic differing from that of the forest industry in Sweden, which has largely normalised storm risk rather than considering it in climate change adaptation work. The present analysis illustrates the broad and largely concerned position of individual forest owners, in contrast with a more established industry position on storm as an accepted and existing risk. Overall, the study highlights the diversity, agency and power relations within Swedish forestry and the forested landscape - aspects that are vital to better understanding processes relevant to forest and climate change adaptation.
5.	Andersson, Elias, et al. (författare) Service logics and strategies of Swedish forestry in the structural shifts of forest ownership : challenging the "old" and shaping the "new" 2019 Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 34:6, s. 508-520 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Sweden is one of the most forested countries in Europe, and it has one of the highest shares of productive forest. Production in forestry is largely reliant on the private non-industrial forest owners, who own half of the forest land. As in many countries, however, forest ownership is changing towards a higher extent of urban, female or non-forestry-background owners. This poses a challenge for the forestry services sector, mainly forest owners' associations and companies, but also broadly the sector at large. By exploring the sales and marketing processes, this paper analyses the service logics and strategies of Swedish forestry under changing forest ownership, drawing on an interview study covering all the large actors in the Swedish forestry sector. The study illustrates an increased focus of forestry organizations on services from a strategic and managerial perspective, in customer-oriented relationship development and in value creation and sales processes, specifically in order to manage "new" forest owners and the demand of forest industries. The results highlight the domination of service logics associated with timber production and the challenges for the service market and the provision of diversified services to forest owners.
6.	Andersson, Jon, et al. (författare) Short-term response to stump harvesting by the ground flora in boreal clearcuts 2017 Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 32:3, s. 239-245 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We studied short-term ground vegetation responses to stump harvesting by recording the occurrence of all species of bryophytes, vascular plants and the cover of soil disturbance on 20 clearcuts in the Southern and Middle Boreal zone in northern Scandinavia. All 20 clearcuts were slash-harvested and scarified and 10 of the clearcuts were also stump-harvested. The added effect of stump harvesting was assessed by comparing stump-harvested clearcuts with non-stump-harvested clearcuts. We tested whether stump harvesting causes extra soil disturbance compared to conventional forestry and if stump harvesting is affecting the assemblage, species richness and occurrence of individual species of vascular plants and bryophytes in boreal clearcuts. Our results revealed that stump harvesting causes an increase in the area of disturbed soil surface compared to conventional harvesting. Four of the most commonly occurring plant species in this area were significantly affected by stump harvesting, and Vaccinium vitis-idaea had a median occurrence of only 20% of that in non-stump-harvested clearcuts. The large impact on some plant species from a relatively modest increase of soil disturbance caused by stump harvesting suggest that stumps, with their slightly elevated bases, contributes to the survival of certain species on clearcuts.
7.	Andersson, Jon, et al. (författare) Tree cavity densities and characteristics in managed and unmanaged Swedish boreal forest 2018 Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 33, s. 233-244 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In forests worldwide, similar to 10-40% of bird and mammal species require cavities for nesting or roosting. Although knowledge of tree cavity availability and dynamics has increased during past decades, there is a striking lack of studies from boreal Europe. We studied the density and characteristics of cavities and cavity-bearing trees in three categories of forest in a north-Swedish landscape: clearcuts with tree retention, managed old (>100 years) forest, and unmanaged old forest. Unmanaged old forests had significantly higher mean density of cavities (2.4 +/- 2.2(SD) ha(-1)) than managed old forest (1.1 +/- 2.1 ha(-1)). On clearcuts the mean cavity density was 0.4 +/- 2.3 ha(-1). Eurasian aspen (Populus tremula) had a higher probability of containing excavated cavities than other tree species. There was a greater variety of entrance hole shapes and a higher proportion of cavities with larger entrances in old forest than on clearcuts. Although studies of breeding success will be necessary to more accurately assess the impact of forest management on cavity-nesting birds, our results show reduced cavity densities in managed forest. To ensure future provision of cavities, managers should retain existing cavity-bearing trees as well as trees suitable for cavity formation, particularly aspen and dead trees.
8.	Andersson, Kjell, et al. (författare) Green infrastructures and intensive forestry: Need and opportunity for spatial planning in a Swedish rural-urban gradient 2013 Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 28, s. 143-165 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract There is a current industrial and societal interest in Europe to further intensify the yield of wood for the forest industry and biomass. At the same time, green infrastructures for ecological and sociocultural values in forest landscapes should be functional. Municipalities have exclusive responsibility for comprehensive planning in Sweden. We modelled the spatial distribution of green infrastructures in terms of three forest types with high ecological values, and three sociotopes with high sociocultural values in 119 municipalities in a ruralurban gradient in Sweden. Forest land without such values should be available for intensive forestry with lower conflict risk. We also estimated the municipalities' potential for physical planning in terms of financial and social capital, and ownership category structure. The area of functional green infrastructures varied considerably among municipalities. Municipalities with a high proportion of functional green infrastructure, thus less available for intensive forestry, were characterised by a stronger tax base, higher population density and lower demographic dependency ratio, and lower proportions of industrial and state forest ownership. We discuss the need for and opportunities of introducing collaborative physical planning to accommodate multiple demands on forest landscapes. We conclude that to accommodate both functional green infrastructures and intensive forestry, a landscape approach including knowledge-based collaboration is needed at multiple-levels of governance and management.
9.	Andersson, Mats, et al. (författare) Non-industrial private forest owners' financial risk taking : Does gender matter? 2010 Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 25, s. 6-13 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Male and female non-industrial private forest (NIPF) owners differ in inheritance positions, valuations and forest management style. A survey of Swedish NIPF owners found that male and female owners differ in their willingness to take a financial risk. The preliminary analysis, looking only at gender, revealed no difference in the willingness to take risk. Dividing the population according to dependence on income from forestry, however, showed that female NIPF owners increased their willingness to take financial risk when the dependence of income from forestry changed from insubstantial to notable. Females' tolerance towards risk was also significantly higher than males' at the notable level of dependence of forestry income. Having or not having economic yield as one of the most important objectives of ownership seemed to have a little effect on the willingness to take financial risk; however, the results were further strengthened when adding this dimension. A gender perspective was applied to explain identified differences between male and female forest owners concerning their willingness to take financial risks. Whether these differences emanate from real differences in willingness to take risk, or whether they are effects from other differences in male and female forest ownership, is discussed.
10.	Andersson, Solbritt, et al. (författare) Effects of lime (CaCO3) on ectomycorrhizal colonization of Picea abies (L.) Karst. - seedlings planted in a spruce forest 1995 Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 10:2, s. 149-154 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In two consecutive years, seedlings of Norway spruce (Picea abies) were planted in a 50-yr-old Norway spruce forest in limed (3.8 tons CaCO3 ha-1) and control plots. After 6 months they were harvested and the mycorrhizal status of the roots was analysed. Six types of mycorrhiza were distinguished. Three decreased after liming, two increased and one was not affected consistently by the liming. The effects on the total mycorrhizal colonization of the roots were opposite for the two years, indicating that the effects of liming are influenced strongly by other environmental factors. Statistical analysis also revealed pronounced natural variation in space. An inventory of the sporocarp-producing fungi showed that the number of saprotrophic species producing sporocarps was significantly higher in the limed plots whereas the number of ectomycorrhizal species was lower in the limed plots, compared with the control plots. It is concluded that more information is needed concerning the effects of liming on different soil types before any general conclusions can be made about its effects on mycorrhizal colonization.
11.	Andersson, Stefan (författare) Soil and soil-solution chemistry after burning a clear-felled area in boreal Sweden 2013 Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 28, s. 735-745 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In Scandinavian forestry, prescribed burning is carried out to promote biodiversity. This study was initiated to examine how burning of a clear-felled area affected the soil and soil-solution chemistry in a nitrogen-limited coniferous forest in boreal Sweden. The stand was clear-felled and the logging residues were left on site. The harvested area was divided into two parts: one part was burnt within three months after clear-felling while the other part was left as a control. Soil and soil-solution samples were collected before and after felling and burning. In the FH layer, pH and the concentration of K and P tended to increase immediately after burning. Six years later, only small effects on soil chemistry were indicated, but the N concentration in the FH layer appeared lower in the burnt area even after 11 years. In the deep soil solution, the total organic carbon concentration was lower in the burnt area than in the unburnt area. The NO3--N concentration in the burnt area peaked at 0.50 mg l(-1) and the mean concentration during the first seven seasons was 0.13 mg l(-1). In the unburnt area, the NO3--N concentration peaked at 3.1 mg l(-1) and the corresponding mean concentration was 1.0 mg l(-1). Although the general level of NO3--N was low in this study, burning largely counteracted the increase in NO3--N concentration that usually follows final felling.
12.	Anerud, Erik, et al. (författare) Fuel quality of Norway spruce stumps - influence of harvesting technique and storage method 2011 Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 26, s. 257-266 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The interest in using stump biomass as a biofuel has recently increased in Sweden. The uneven consumption of wood fuel during the year creates a need for storage. This study examined the properties of stump biomass and how they vary at two sites in Sweden depending on harvesting technique, storage method and storage period. Norway spruce stumps, extracted using three different stump harvesting heads (Pallari, Rotary Cutter and Aalto), were stored in windrows or heaps. After 3 months, stumps stored in heaps were gathered into windrows. The fuel quality parameters moisture content (MC), ash content (AC) and calorific value (CV) were evaluated on five occasions in the period May 2008-September 2009. After 16 months of storage, the MC in all treatments had decreased to <25% (wet basis). Average AC decreased from 3.8% to around 1% (dry basis), whereas CV marginally increased. Stumps split during harvesting dried better than those harvested in one piece. The influence of storage method was minimal, although initial storage in heaps allowed better drying in the stumps harvested in one piece. In general, fuel quality improved in all treatments after storage.
13.	Appelstrand, Marie (författare) Developments in Swedish forest policy and administration – from a 'policy of restriction' towards a 'policy of cooperation' 2012 Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 27:2, s. 186-199 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract New tools and forms of cooperation at the landscape level are needed in order for forestry and environmental conservation to co-exist in areas with many land owners. Awareness has existed for several years in Sweden that cooperation at the landscape level is essential for protecting areas of high environmental value. This awareness has come to expression in several projects and initiatives. One of these projects is the Östra Vätterbranterna Partnership, a successful example of the new orientation towards environmental management as formulated in the government bill Sustainable protection of nature areas: new working methods with a focus on collaboration and increased dialogue by involving more actors and utilizing a greater combination of steering instruments. This development resonates with the growing trend towards deregulation and less state intervention in environmental management, implying a stronger emphasis on new governance structures and market-driven processes. This paper examines the preconditions for a development towards governance-oriented forms of steering in the area of environmental policy and law, with specific emphasis on the protection of forestry areas with high environmental value. Paralleling this development, the transformation of environmental public administration is analyzed, using a model representing three different perspectives on administration’s role, values and meaning, showing state action’s progressive transition from ‘rowing’ to ‘steering’ to ‘serving’ and facilitating.
14.	Appelstrand, Marie, et al. (författare) Women entrepreneurship - a shortcut to a more competitive and equal forestry sector? 2015 Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 30:3, s. 226-234 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This article discusses the potential for soft-governance instruments and processes such as the National Gender Equality Strategy to implement a strategy aiming at improved competiveness through gender equality. A central question addressed is how to create a women entrepreneurial identity within the framework of the dominant gender order in the forest sector? The literature review and policy analysis upon which this article is based shows that both structural and individual factors in combination are important for women to be motivated to develop a business in the green sectors. While fully agree with the above, this article takes the discussion one step further by pointing out how policy programs designed to support rural business often have been carried out in a top-down fashion without sufficient knowledge about specific target groups, and have primarily focused on men's businesses within the primary business areas. In order not to be "genderblind," specific support built from the grassroots level with sufficient knowledge about the target group, i.e. women forest owners, is crucial. Several studies also show that in order for programs or strategies with vague effect goals to work, they have to be legitimate and accepted by the stakeholders, which has shown to be one of the most fundamental weaknesses of this type of soft-governance approach. The essential factor is not the goal itself, but rather which tools are available for implementation. Otherwise, this type of soft policy instruments will only work on those who already believe - that is to say, it is seducing the already seduced.
15.	Ara, Mostarin, et al. (författare) Regeneration failure of Scots pine changes the species composition of young forests 2022 Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 37, s. 1445-1457 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract How seedling mortality and browsing affects species composition of regenerating forests has been mostly studied on a small scale. Yet, large-scale analyses based on extensive data are essential for robust prediction of species composition in young forests. In this study, we used a dataset from a national inventory of young forests (1-4 metres in height) to investigate the species composition of young forests across Sweden. We found that most of the regenerated forest area (almost 90%) was planted with Norway spruce (southern Sweden) and Scots pine (northern Sweden). Regeneration of Norway spruce was generally relatively successful but as a consequence of seedling mortality and browsing, almost 40% of the area regenerated with Scots pine will probably not develop into pine-dominated stands. Thus, low survival of Scots pine seedlings and trees can profoundly change the trajectory of species composition of the young forest from what was originally intended, and a large proportion of the young stands may develop into mixtures of conifers and broadleaves. While such mixtures may benefit certain biodiversity and ecosystem services, a loss of Scots pine dominated stands may also have adverse impacts on the economic returns as well as pine-dependent biodiversity and recreational values.
16.	Arhipova, Natalija, et al. (författare) Heart-rot and associated fungi in Alnus glutinosa stands in Latvia 2012 Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 27, s. 327-336 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The interest in Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. as plantation species has increased during last years, but its prospects should be evaluated from the perspective of forest health. The aims of the present study were to: (1) estimate the incidence of stem decay in Latvian A. glutinosa stands, (2) measure the extent of decay within individual stems and on a stand level and (3) identify decay-causing fungi. In four A. glutinosa stands, 450 trees were randomly sampled with an increment borer and the presence/absence of decay was recorded. As a result, 112 sound-looking and 338 decayed trees were detected, and a corresponding number of wood samples were collected for fungal isolations. A total of 34 stems with decay symptoms were cut to measure the extent of internal decay. The incidence of decayed stems in studied stands was 75.1% on average. The length of the decay column was 7.7 +/- 5.4 m on average, and that of spongy rot was 4.2 +/- 4.5 m on average, implying that yield losses for fully stocked 80-years-old A. glutinosa stand would comprise 49.2% of the total stand volume, and the losses from spongy rot alone -30.5%. In total, 1134 isolates representing 68 fungal taxa were obtained. The most common decay-causing fungi were Inonotus radiatus and Armillaria sp.
17.	Arnebrant, Kristina, et al. (författare) Soil microbial activity in eleven Swedish coniferous forests in relation to site fertility and nitrogen fertilization 1996 Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 11:1, s. 1-6 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The effect of forest fertilization on soil microbial activity and biomass was studied in 11 coniferous forests with different site fertility. Soil microbial activity was measured as respiration rate and the microbial biomass was estimated using ATP content and substrate-induced respiration rate (SIR). At all sites, except those with the highest site fertility, the microbial activity and biomass were reduced in the fertilized treatments compared with the control. The general trend indicated that the lower the site fertility, the more pronounced was the reduction of microbial biomass and activity. Some possible explanations for this effect are discussed.
18.	Arnerup, Jenny, et al. (författare) Variation in growth of Heterobasidion parviporum in a full-sib family of Picea abies 2010 Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 25:2, s. 106-110 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Heterobasidion parviporum (Fr.) Niemelä & Korhonen and Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. sensu lato are some of the major forest pathogens in the northern hemisphere causing root and butt rot to conifers. The relative susceptibility to H. parviporum was investigated in a full-sib family of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] by inoculating a set of 252 cloned progenies from a controlled cross. Four ramets of each progeny were used and the 2-year-old rooted cuttings were incubated for 6 weeks under greenhouse conditions. The condition of the cuttings was assessed visually and all the plants were in excellent vigour with no mortality recorded during the experiment. To score the relative susceptibility, lesion length in the inner bark and fungal growth in the sapwood were measured. Among the progenies, significant differences were found for fungal growth in the sapwood (p<0.0005). There was no significant difference for lesion length; however, there was a significant positive correlation between fungal growth and lesion length. The broad-sense heritability was 0.11 for fungal growth. This shows that the genetic component for susceptibility to H. parviporum can be detected even within a full-sib family of Norway spruce and that there is a potential for mapping quantitative trait loci for this trait in Norway spruce.
19.	Arora Jonsson, Seema (författare) Particular and wider interests in natural resource management: Organizing together but separately 2010 Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 25, s. 33-44 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The focus that scholars have put on mainstream institutions for resource management, i.e. those recognized by the community and development agents as the primary organizations for resource management, has tended to mask alternative, less visible, but equally robust, organizational forms in which resources are managed and development is carried out at the local level. Mainstream institutions are often inadequate as arenas for negotiating contested interests. By directing attention to women's organizing in contexts in the south (India) and the north (Sweden), it is argued in this paper that although inclusive and heterogeneous structures are essential for the sustainable and equitable management of natural resources such as forests, in order to be able to be so, mainstream institutions need to be able to relate to other structures and forms that are exclusive and represent particular interests. This study of institutional contexts in such different places informs thinking on resource management, development and gender equality, and has practical implications for sustainable and equitable resource management. Importantly, it draws attention to the need to redefine how we study institutions for natural resource management.
20.	Attocchi, Giulia, et al. (författare) Crown radius of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) depending on stem size, stand density and site productivity 2015 Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 30, s. 289-303 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Crown size is a good indicator of the growth potential of trees and is often used in forest management for outlining thinning guidelines or constructing forest growth models. The aim of this study was to analyse mean crown radius as a function of stem size, stand density and site productivity in even-aged stands of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.). Data included measurements of 620 trees from 53 plots in nine thinning experiments and one operational stand in Sweden, Denmark and Great Britain, representing a wide spectrum of thinning practices ranging from the strictly unthinned control to extremely heavy thinning with essentially solitary trees. Three sets of models were constructed based on different predictor variables, including indicators of individual stem size (diameter at breast height, DBH), stand density/thinning grade (quadratic mean diameter and stand basal area) and site productivity (stand top height). Preliminary results indicated a significant effect of DBH and (nominal) thinning grade on crown radius. The response pattern of the final models indicated an increasing crown radius with increasing DBH, with increasing thinning grade (decreasing stand density) and with decreasing site productivity. The models are valid for predicting the crown radius of pedunculate oak in even-aged forest stands.
21.	Backman, Fredrik, 1969-, et al. (författare) Is there a Nordic Model for the treatment of introduced tree species? : A comparison of the use, policy, and debate concerning introduced tree species in the Nordic countries 2016 Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 31:2, s. 222-232 Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract This article compares the use, policy, and debate concerning introduced tree species in the five Nordic countries (Finland, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, and Iceland). These countries have a long common history and are culturally similar. They are often framed under the benchmark of the Nordic Model or even the Nordic Forestry Model. Therefore, we hypothesize that the Nordic countries' treatment of introduced tree species share common aspects, and that global environmental agreements and international currents in science and policy have reinforced these similarities. The comparison shows that globalization is strong and it seems, at least at a first glimpse, that the Nordic countries follow a kind of Nordic Model in their approach to introduced tree species. However, the history and importance of forestry, ecological conditions, afforestation campaigns, traditions of using introduced trees, understandings, and stakeholder positions have shaped different national and even regional path dependencies and circumstances. This, in turn, has transmuted international policy-making, regulations, and discussions into different specific ways to interpret, control, and implement the use of introduced trees in practice. This article concludes that global environmental agreements and international currents in science and policy adapt to diverse national contexts.
22.	Backman, J.S.K., et al. (författare) Increased Nitrification in Acid Coniferous Forest Soil Due to High Nitrogen Deposition and Liming 2003 Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 18:6, s. 514-524 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This study investigated whether liming stimulates the potential nitrification of acid forest soils in southern Sweden, and whether such stimulation (if present) is more pronounced in areas receiving high nitrogen (N) deposition. A short-term (30 h) soil-slurry incubation technique was used, which reduces the risk of bacterial growth, nitrate immobilization and denitrification during the incubation. The nitrate and nitrite produced were measured after biological conversion to nitrous oxide. The investigation was performed 6-7 yrs after the liming at four coniferous forest sites in the central and western parts of southern Sweden, which receive low and high deposition of N, respectively. Overall, liming had increased pH significantly down to 10 cm soil depth, but at 20 cm depth there was no difference between the limed and non-limed soil. In cases when liming had affected the total N pool and the potential nitrification, this was also limited to the uppermost 10 cm. It seems likely that the effects of liming on the potential nitrification were dependent on N availability, which is in turn influenced by N mineralization, trees' demands for N, and atmospheric N inputs. The strongest stimulatory effect of liming on the potential nitrification was seen on the west coast, indicating that these sites had the highest availability of ammonia for nitrifiers. However, liming also increased nitrification at one of the sites in south-central Sweden, which could have been mediated by increased rates of N mineralization.
23.	Bakys, Remigijus, et al. (författare) Root rot, associated fungi and their impact on health condition of declining Fraxinus excelsior stands in Lithuania 2011 Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 26, s. 128-135 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Dieback of Fraxinus excelsior L. associated with Chalara fraxinea is observed in Europe, and in some areas dying trees exhibit symptoms of root and butt rot. Our study was conducted (1) to estimate the impact of the rot on F. excelsior dieback severity; (2) to identify fungi colonizing roots of dieback-affected trees; (3) to check their pathogenicity to F. excelsior; and (4) to estimate sprouting incidence and sprout health condition in relation to presence/absence of rot. The extent of rot was measured in 33 trees with different dieback intensity, 150 fungal isolations were attempted from roots of 50 trees, 26 fungi were tested for pathogenicity to 286 saplings, and sprouting was evaluated for 328 stumps on three clear-felled sites. Root rot was mainly caused by Armillaria cepistipes, and the extent of rot correlated positively with dieback severity although it played a secondary role in tree decline. Four years after tree felling, root rot had a negative impact on sprouting frequency, yet rot did not enter sprouts from stumps, and when experimentally inoculated, fungi associated with root rot in mature ash had no visible impact on tree vigor, showing that after formation of sprouts, rot does not affect the subsequent phytosanitary condition. Sprouts on investigated sites exhibited Chalara dieback symptoms on leaves and bark irrespectively of presence/absence of rot, indicating that vigorous natural regeneration of F. excelsior in dieback-affected areas could not be expected.
24.	Beland Lindahl, Karin, et al. (författare) Future forests: Perceptions and strategies of key actors 2012 Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 27, s. 154-163 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Abstract This paper investigates how key actors perceive the future of the forest sector: how they position themselves in relation to climate, energy and demography related trends. Actors’ perceptions of future challenges and opportunities influence their choice of strategy and action. Actors’ relative capacity to realise their visions, in turn, shape future forest use. Frame analysis is used to explore selected actor’s perceptions and strategies and the existence of major divisions, i.e. frame conflicts. Empirically, the study is based on the case of Sweden as a typical boreal forest producing region. Actors’ perceptions of the challenges facing the forest sector diverge widely. Yet, most actors see the future of the forest sector as linked to broader issues of climate mitigation and energy transition. These issues trigger fundamental discussions about social change and the role of forests in future society. A major division separates actors who perceive biomass supply as unlimited, or at least not constraining, and those who stress scarcity and re-distribution of resources. This difference, or frame conflict, is reflected in actors’ forest related strategies and may fuel future forest debates and conflicts
25.	Berg, Simon (författare) Comparison of ground disturbance of frozen peatland during stump harvesting using a stump drill and rake 2019 Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 34, s. 436-444 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Tree stumps could be a source of renewable energy, contributing to a reduced dependence on fossil fuels. In Finland, stumps are currently harvested when the ground is not frozen to avoid co-removal of large amounts of soil and stones. Hence, the machinery used for stump extraction is not operated year-round. On peatlands, stumps could potentially be harvested when the ground is frozen. However, peatlands are highly sensitive to ground disturbance. There is, therefore, a need to identify equipment that causes low ground disturbance. In this study, peatland ground disturbance at stump level caused by stump harvesting using either a stump drill or a conventional stump rake was evaluated and compared in winter conditions. Results show that the stump drill caused up to 90% less ground disturbance per harvested stump than the conventional stump rake, but harvested 32-53% of the stump wood. Additionally, the size and shape of the disturbed areas changed between the harvesting year and following year, indicating that frost heaving plays a role in filling holes caused by stump extraction. The stump drill also consumed similar time to the conventional stump rake when harvesting Scots pine stumps on mineral soils, but far more when harvesting Norway spruce stumps.

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