| 1. |
- Aerts, Joel, et al.
(författare)
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Guidance on current good radiopharmacy practice for the small-scale preparation of radiopharmaceuticals using automated modules : a European perspective
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0362-4803 .- 1099-1344. ; 57:10, s. 615-620
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This document is meant to complement Part B of the EANM Guidelines on current good radiopharmacy practice (cGRPP) in the preparation of radiopharmaceuticals issued by the Radiopharmacy Committee of the European Association of Nuclear Medicine, covering small-scale in-house preparation of radiopharmaceuticals with automated modules. The aim is to provide more detailed and practice-oriented guidance to those who are involved in the small-scale preparation of radiopharmaceuticals, which are not intended for commercial purposes or distribution.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Antoni, Gunnar
(författare)
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Development of carbon-11 labelled PET tracers-radiochemical and technological challenges in a historic perspective
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals. - : Wiley. - 0362-4803 .- 1099-1344. ; 58:3, s. 65-72
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development of positron emission tomography (PET) from being an exclusive and expensive research tool at major research institutes to a clinically useful modality found at most major hospitals around the world is largely dependent on radiochemistry and synthesis technology achievements by a few pioneer researchers starting their PET careers 40 to 50years ago. Especially, the introduction of [C-11]methyl iodide resulted in a quantum jump in the history of PET tracer development enabling the smooth labelling of a multitude of useful tracers. A more recent and still challenging methodological improvement is transition metal mediated C-11-carbonylations, having a large synthetic potential that has, however, not yet been realized in the clinical setting. This mini-review focuses on the history of carbon-11 radiochemistry and related technology developments and the role this played in PET tracer developments, especially emphasizing radiolabelling of endogenous compounds. A few examples will be presented of how the use of radiolabelled endogenous substances have provided fundamental information of in vivo biochemistry using the concept of position-specific labelling in different positions in the same molecule.
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| 6. |
- Antoni, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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Meet the advisors : An interview with Gunnar Antoni
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0362-4803 .- 1099-1344. ; 64:14, s. 517-519
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Antoni, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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Synthesis of gamma-amino[4-11C]butyric acid.
- 1989
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Ingår i: Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals. - 0362-4803 .- 1099-1344. ; 27, s. 571-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Barletta, Julien, et al.
(författare)
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Synthesis of [11C-carbonyl]hydroxyureas by a rhodium-mediated carbonylation reaction using [11C]carbon monoxide
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals. - : Wiley. - 0362-4803 .- 1099-1344. ; 49:5, s. 429-436
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- [11C]Hydroxyurea has been successfully labelled using [11C]carbon monoxide at low concentration. The decay-corrected radiochemical yield was 38±3%, and the trapping efficiency of [11C]carbon monoxide in the order of 90±5%. This synthesis was performed by a rhodium-mediated carbonylation reaction starting with azidotrimethylsilane and the rhodium complex being made in situ by chloro(1,5-cyclooctadiene)rhodium(I) dimer ([Rh(cod)Cl]2) and 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane (dppe). (13C)Hydroxyurea was synthesized using this method and the position of the labelling was confirmed by 13C-NMR. In order to perform accurate LC–MS identification, the derivative 1-hydroxy-3-phenyl[11C]urea was synthesized in a 35±4% decay-corrected radiochemical yield. After 13 µA h bombardment and 21 min synthesis, 1.6 GBq of pure 1-hydroxy-3-phenyl[11C]urea was collected starting from 6.75 GBq of [11C]carbon monoxide and the specific radioactivity of this compound was in the order of 686 GBq/µmol (3.47 nmol total mass). [11C]Hydroxyurea could be used in conjunction with PET to evaluate the uptake of this anticancer agent into tumour tissue in individual patients.
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| 11. |
- Barletta, Julien, et al.
(författare)
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Synthesis of diethyl [carbonyl-C-11]malonate from [C-11]carbon monoxide by rhodium-promoted carbonylation and its application as a reaction intermediate
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals. - : Wiley. - 0362-4803 .- 1099-1344. ; 49:9, s. 801-809
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rhodium-mediated carbonylation reaction was applied to synthesize diethyl [carbonyl-C-11]malonate using [C-11]carbon monoxide at low concentration. The synthesis was performed starting with ethyl diazoacetate, ethanol and the rhodium complex being made in situ by chloro(1,5-cyclooctadiene)rhodium(l) dimer ([Rh(cod)Cl](2)) and 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane (dppe), and the reaction is assumed to proceed via a ketene intermediate. The isolated radiochemical yield was 20% (75% analytical radiochemical yield) and the trapping efficiency of [C-11]carbon monoxide in the order of 85%. The specific radioactivity of this compound was measured at 127 GBq/mu mol (7.28 nmol total mass) after 8 mu Ah bombardment and 35 min synthesis. The corresponding C-13-labelled compound was synthesized using (C-13)carbon monoxide to confirm the position of the carbonyl-labelled atom by C-13-NMR. Diethyl [carbonyl-C-11]malonate was further used in subsequent alkylation step using ethyl iodide and tetrabutylammonium fluoride to obtain diethyl diethyl [carbonyl-C-11]malonate in 50% analytical radiochemical yield.
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| 13. |
- Bergman, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Synthesis and Labelling of a Piperazine-Based Library of 11C-Labeled Ligands for Imaging of the Vesicular Acetylcholine Transporter
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals. - : Wiley. - 0362-4803 .- 1099-1344. ; 57:8, s. 525-532
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The cholinergic system is involved in neurodegenerative diseases, and visualization of cholinergic innervations with positron emission tomography (PET) would be a useful tool in understanding these diseases. A ligand for the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT), acknowledged as a marker for cholinergic neurons, could serve as such a PET tracer. The aim was to find a VAChT PET tracer using a library concept to create a small but diverse library of labeled compounds. From the same precursor and commercially available aryl iodides 6a-f, six potential VAChT PET tracers, [C-11]-(+/-)5a-f, were C-11-labeled by a palladium (0)-mediated aminocarbonylation, utilizing a standard protocol. The labeled compounds [C-11]-(+/-)5a-f were obtained in radiochemical purities >95% with decay-corrected radiochemical yields and specific radioactivities between 4-25% and 124-597 GBq/mu mol, respectively. Autoradiography studies were then conducted to assess the compounds binding selectivity for VAChT. Labeled compounds [C-11]-(+/-)5d and [C-11]-(+/-)5e showed specific binding but not enough to permit further preclinical studies. To conclude, a general method for a facile synthesis and labeling of a small piperazine-based library of potential PET tracers for imaging of VAChT was shown, and in upcoming work, another scaffold will be explored using this approach.
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| 14. |
- Blom, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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[F-18]/F-19 exchange in fluorine containing compounds for potential use in F-18-labelling strategies
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals. - : Wiley. - 0362-4803 .- 1099-1344. ; 52:12, s. 504-511
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Exchange of [F-18]fluoride with F-19 in various organofluorine compounds in concentrations ranging from 0.06 to 56 mM was explored. We aimed to explore whether exchange reactions can be a potential useful labelling strategy, when there are no requirement of high specific radioactivity. Parameters such as solvents, temperature, conventional vs microwave heating, and the degree of fluorine load in some aromatic and alkyl compounds were investigated with regard to radiochemical yield and specific radioactivity. A series of fluorobenzophenones (1-6), 1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethanone (7), various activated and deactivated fluoro benzenes (8-16), N-(pentafluorophenyl)benzamide (17), (pentafluorophenyl)formamide (18), (tridecafluorohexyl) benzene (19) and tetradecafluorohexane (20) were subjected to [F-18]/F-19 exchange. To test this strategy to label biologically active molecules containing fluorine atoms in an aryl group, two analogues of WAY-100635 (21-22), Lapatinib (23), 2,5,6,7,8-pentafluoro-3-methyinaphthoquinone (24) and 1-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)propan-l-one (25) were investigated. The multi-fluorinated molecules containing an electron-withdrawing group were successfully labelled at room temperature, whereas the monofluorinated, as well as those containing an electron-donating group, required heating for the exchange reaction to take place.
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| 15. |
- Blom, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Synthesis and characterization of scVEGF-PEG-[68Ga]NOTA and scVEGF-PEG-[68Ga]DOTA PET tracers
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals. - : Wiley. - 0362-4803 .- 1099-1344. ; 54:11, s. 685-692
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling via vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) on tumor endothelial cells is a critical driver of tumor angiogenesis. Novel anti-angiogenic drugs target VEGF/VEGFR-2 signaling and induce changes in VEGFR-2 prevalence. To monitor VEGFR-2 prevalence in the course of treatment, we are evaluating (68)Ga positron emission tomography imaging agents based on macrocyclic chelators, site-specifically conjugated via polyethylene glycol (PEG) linkers to engineered VEGFR-2 ligand, single-chain (sc) VEGF. The (68)Ga-labeling was performed at room temperature with NOTA (2,2', 2 ''-(1,4,7-triazonane-1,4,7-triyl) triacetic acid) conjugates or at 90 degrees C by using either conventional or microwave heating with NOTA and DOTA (2,2', 2 '', 2'''-(1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetrayl) tetraacetic acid) conjugates. The fastest (similar to 2min) and the highest incorporation (>90%) of (68)Ga into conjugate that resulted in the highest specific radioactivity (similar to 400MBq/nmol) was obtained with microwave heating of the conjugates. The bioactivity of the NOTA-and DOTA-containing tracers was validated in 3-D tissue culture model of 293/KDR cells engineered to express high levels of VEGFR-2. The NOTA-containing tracer also displayed a rapid accumulation (similar to 20s after intravenous injection) to steady-state level in xenograft tumor models. A combination of high specific radioactivity and maintenance of functional activity suggests that scVEGF-PEG-[(68)Ga] NOTA and scVEGF-PEG-[(68)Ga] DOTA might be promising tracers for monitoring VEGFR-2 prevalence and should be further explored.
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| 16. |
- Blom, Elisabeth, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of 18F-β-carboline alkaloids as PET ligands
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals. - : Wiley. - 0362-4803 .- 1099-1344. ; 51:6, s. 277-282
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A one-step 18F-labelling strategy was used to prepare four 18F-labelled analogues of 7-methoxy-1-methyl-9H-β-carboline (harmine): 7-(2-[18F]fluoroethoxy)-1-methyl-9H-β-carboline (5), 7-(3-[18F]fluoro-propoxy)-1-methyl-9H-β-carboline (6), 7-[2-(2-[18F]fluoroethoxy)ethoxy]-1-methyl-9H-β-carboline (7), and 7-{2-[2-(2-[18F]fluoroethoxy)ethoxy]-ethoxy}-1-methyl-9H-β-carboline (8). These were synthesized as potential PET ligands for monoamine oxidase A. A solution of pure labelled compound in buffer was obtained in < 70 min from end of radionuclide production, with a decay-corrected yield of up to 23%. The average specific binding to MAO-A in rat brain, determined by autoradiography experiments, was highest for compounds 7 and 8 (89 ± 2 and 96 ± 1% respectively), which was obtained at < 1 nM radioligand concentration.
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| 17. |
- Blom, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Synthesis of 18F-labeled biotin analogues
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals. - : Wiley. - 0362-4803 .- 1099-1344. ; 54:10, s. 681-683
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A one-step 18F-labeling strategy was used to prepare three labeled analogues of the vitamin biotin, which can be a useful tracer because of its high affinity for avidin. The labeled compounds were obtained in decay-corrected yields of up to 35%, and specific radioactivity of 320 ± 60 GBq/mmol. When evaluated in situ, the analogues showed good affinity for avidin: 60–75% of the radiolabeled compounds were bound to avidin within 5 min. The binding was site-specific, as shown by blocking experiments with native biotin.
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| 18. |
- Blom, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Use of perfluoro groups in nucleophilic 18F-fluorination
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals. - : Wiley. - 0362-4803 .- 1099-1344. ; 53:1, s. 24-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Substrates with leaving groups that contained perfluoro moieties were investigated in labelling chemistry in order to exploit their properties to improve reactivity and purification. [F-18] (Fluoromethyl) benzene was used as the model target compound. Precursors containing perfluoroalkyl and perfluoroaryl sulfonate moieties were subjected to nucleophilic F-18-fluorination, and the impact of perfluoro groups on the substitution reaction and product purification was investigated. [F-18]Fluoride interacted with perfluoroalkyl chains, precluding nucleophilic substitution. When perfluoroaryl groups were used, the substitution proceeded, and the separation of product was explored. The radiolabelled product was obtained in 32% analytical yield and the radiochemical purity was increased to approximately 77% using fluorous solid phase extraction purification.
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| 23. |
- Dahl, Kenneth, et al.
(författare)
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Good manufacturing procedure production of [18 F]SynVesT-1, a radioligand for in vivo positron emission tomography imaging of synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals. - : Wiley. - 1099-1344 .- 0362-4803. ; 65:12, s. 315-322
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- [18 F]SynVesT-1 (also known as [18 F]SDM-8 or [18 F]MNI-1126) is a potent and selective synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2 (SV2A) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agent. In order to fulfill the increasing clinical demand of an 18 F-labeled SV2A PET ligand, we have developed a fully automated procedure to provide a sterile and pyrogen-free good manufacturing procedure (GMP)-compliant product of [18 F]SynVesT-1 suitable for clinical studies in humans. [18 F]SynVesT-1 is synthesized via a rapid copper-mediated radiofluorination protocol. The procedure was developed and established on a commercially available module, TracerMaker (ScanSys Laboratorieteknik ApS, Copenhagen, Denmark), a synthesis platform originally developed to conduct carbon-11 radiochemistry. From ~130GBq (end-of-bombardment), our newly developed procedure enabled us to prepare [18 F]SynVesT-1 in an isolated radioactivity yield of 14,220±800MBq (n=3), which corresponds to a radiochemical yield (RCY) of 19.5±0.5%. The radiochemical purity (RCP) and enantiomeric purity of each of the final formulated batches exceeded 98%. The overall synthesis time was 90min and the molar activity was 330±60GBq/μmol (8.9±1.6Ci/μmol). The produced [18 F]SynVesT-1 was stable over 8h at room temperature and is suitable for in vivo PET imaging studies in human subjects.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Ding, Yu-Shin, et al.
(författare)
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Synthesis of L-[5-11C]ornithine.
- 1989
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Ingår i: Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals. - 0362-4803 .- 1099-1344. ; 27, s. 1079-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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