| 1. |
- Herlitz, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Mortality, risk indicators mode and place of death and symptoms of angina pectoris in the five years after coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with and without a history of hypertension
- 1999
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Ingår i: Blood Pressure. - : Informa Healthcare. - 0803-7051 .- 1651-1999. ; 8:4, s. 200-206
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To describe mortality, risk indicators for death, place and mode of death, and symptoms of angina pectoris among survivors in the 5 years after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients with and without a history of hypertension. METHODS: All patients in western Sweden who underwent CABG without concomitant valve surgery and without previously performed CABG between June 1988 and June 1991. RESULTS: A total of 1997 patients were included in the analysis, 740 (37%) of whom had a history of hypertension. Patients with no history had a 5-year mortality of 12.4%. The corresponding relative risk for hypertensives was 1.4 (95% CI 1.1-1.8). Risk factors for death appeared similar in patients with and without a history of hypertension. Patients with hypertension had an increased risk of death in hospital and an increased risk of a non-cardiac death. Among survivors after 5 years, patients with a history of hypertension tended to have a higher prevalence of symptoms equivalent to angina pectoris. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with a history of hypertension have an increased risk of death in the 5 years after CABG. Risk factors for death appear similar in patients with and without a history of hypertension. Patients with hypertension have a particularly increased risk of death in hospital and of death judged as non-cardiac.
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| 2. |
- Hofsten, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Age-related differences in blood pressure and heart rate responses to changes in body position : results from a study with serial measurements in the supine and standing positions in 30-, 50- and 60-year-old men
- 1999
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Ingår i: Blood Pressure. - 0803-7051 .- 1651-1999. ; 8:4, s. 220-226
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This population-based study presents the blood pressure and heart rate responses to sudden changes in body position in representative groups of men aged 30 (n = 50), 50 (n = 44) and 60 (n = 69) years, using an unbiased method for non-invasive blood pressure measurements. Blood pressure and heart rate were measured every minute during three 7-min periods in the supine, standing and again supine positions. Whereas there was an initial decrease in systolic blood pressure upon standing in men aged 50 and 60 years, an increase was seen in the 30-year-olds. The diastolic blood pressure increased in all age groups, but less in the older compared to the younger men. In all age groups, the changes in systolic blood pressure upon standing were transient, while the changes in the diastolic blood pressure lasted during the entire observation period. The heart rate increased to a similar extent upon standing in all age groups. No symptomatic hypotension was observed. After resuming the supine position, both blood pressure and heart rate returned towards the levels initially recorded. This population-based study confirms previous observations in selected subjects of age-related attenuation in blood pressure response to change in body position. The study also shows that blood pressure and heart rate are rapidly stabilized upon standing up.
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| 3. |
- Lind, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Selective increase of the contractile response to endothelin-1 in subcutaneous arteries from patients with essential hypertension
- 1999
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Ingår i: Blood Pressure. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-7051 .- 1651-1999. ; 8:1, s. 9-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Endothelin-1 has been shown to contribute to basal vascular tone in man. Since endothelin-1 is a potent vasoconstrictor putatively involved in hypertension, we have compared the contractile responses of endothelin-1 and noradrenaline in relation to potassium chloride in subcutaneous resistance arteries from subjects with established essential hypertension with matched controls. Furthermore, with RT-PCR, the occurrence of mRNA for the ETA and ET(B) receptors was shown in the tunica media layer of subcutaneous arteries in controls and hypertensives. The maximum contractile response to endothelin-1 was significantly higher in the subcutaneous arteries of the hypertensives (by 88% with no change in potency) as compared to controls. The responses to noradrenaline, acetylcholine and potassium chloride did not differ between the groups. This selective increase in the contractile response to endothelin-1 might contribute to the development of essential hypertension.
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| 4. |
- Lind, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in treated and untreated hypertensive subjects
- 1999
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Ingår i: Blood Pressure. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-7051 .- 1651-1999. ; 8:3, s. 158-164
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has repeatedly been shown that endothelium-dependent vasodilatation (EDV) is impaired in patients with untreated hypertension. The effect of antihypertensive treatment on EDV has, however, not been extensively investigated. In the present study, EDV and endothelium-independent vasodilatation (EIDV) were studied in 20 untreated and 41 treated hypertensive subjects and in 26 matched, normotensive controls by means of infusion of methacholine (MCh), 2 and 4 microg/min, evaluating EDV, and nitroprusside (SNP), 5 and 10 microg/min, evaluating EIDV, in the brachial artery. Forearm blood flow (FBF) was measured by venous occlusion plethysmography. The vasodilatory action of MCh was impaired in untreated hypertensives compared with controls, with the response in the treated hypertensives in between the other two groups (p < 0.01 vs both of the other groups). EIDV, on the other hand, was enhanced in the treated hypertensives (p < 0.01), so that the MCh to SNP FBF ratio, an index of endothelial function, was attenuated in both treated and untreated hypertensives (0.97 +/- 0.24 and 0.96 +/- 0.15, respectively), compared with controls (1.27 +/- 0.29, p < 0.001). Both EDV and EIDV declined with increasing number of antihypertensive drugs used in the treated hypertensives (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the endothelial function index was found to be similarly depressed in both treated and untreated hypertensive subjects compared with normotensive controls. Antihypertensive therapy seems to improve the vasodilatory capacity in general rather than enhancing endothelial function.
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| 5. |
- Vågerö, Denny, et al.
(författare)
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Social determinants of birthweight, ponderal index and gestational age in Sweden in the 1920s and the 1980s
- 1999
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 88, s. 445-453
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study compared the effect of social class and marital status on birth outcomes in Sweden, using (i) data on all births at the Akademiska Hospital in Uppsala from 1920 to 1924 with socioeconomic information from records at birth; and (ii) a linkage of the Medical Births Registry for all births in Sweden in November/December 1985 to the 1985 Census. Preterm births (<37 weeks) have become less common during the 20th century. Between 1920–24 and 1985, mean and median birthweight increased, as did mean ponderal index, indicating a shift to the right of the birthweight and ponderal index distributions. In 1920–24, birthweight and ponderal index were associated with the social class of the household and with the marital status of the mother. Babies of single mothers were lighter and thinner, and had a much greater probability of being born preterm. In contrast, in 1985, maternal marital status (and cohabitation status) had a weaker effect on birthweight and ponderal index. The importance of household social class for ponderal index and preterm birth changed similarly, but its importance for birthweight remained. The mediating mechanism may have changed. Mothers from farming households now gave birth to the heaviest babies (nearly 200 g heavier than those of unskilled workers). Adjustment for a number of factors, including smoking, had a limited effect on these social class differences. In conclusion, biological processes during the foetal period are systematically linked to the social circumstances of the mother, but in a different way in the 1920s and in 1985.
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| 6. |
- Hellmer, Stefan
(författare)
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Iron ore production and trade in Russia
- 1999
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Ingår i: Minerals & Energy - Raw Materials Report. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1404-1049 .- 1651-2286. ; 14:2, s. 21-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The main question put forward in the paper is: Will Russia become a major competitor in the European iron ore market? The main purpose is to put the former world's largest producer of iron ore, Russia, back on the "iron ore map." Using production and trade figures for 1990 and 1995 and mine-specific data on capacity, production, products, geographic position and foreign trade for every mine in Russia, it is generally concluded that while some facts favor Russia, others do not. The long distances between the mines and foreign customers, with the accompanying freight costs, certainly do not favor Russia. Among those that do is the fact that ore at the seven exporting mines is of high quality magnetite with an iron content generally well above 60%. As magnetite ore is cheaper to pelletize than hematite ore, Russia might possess a still unexplored competitive advantage.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Prellwitz, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Attitudes of Key Persons to Accessibility Problems in Playgrounds for Children with Restricted Mobility: A Study in a Medium-sized Municipality in Northern Sweden
- 1999
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 6:4, s. 166-173
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Playgrounds are an important outdoor environment for children. Yet few playgrounds are designed to be accessible to children with restricted mobility. In this study the child with restricted mobility is defined as one who is unable to move around without the aid of a wheelchair, walking-frame, walking-stick or other walking device. The purpose of the study was to explore the attitudes to accessibility problems in playgrounds among two groups of key persons: "creators" and "users of playgrounds" in a medium-sized municipality in northern Sweden. Eleven key persons (5 "creators of playgrounds" and 6 "users of playgrounds") were interviewed in a semi-structured interview. The interviews were analysed according to content analysis and could be coded under different themes. The results showed that those who created playgrounds had (i) a fragmented organization, (ii) insufficient knowledge of disabilities, (iii) poor economy, and (iv) attitudes as an obstacle. Interviews with the users of the playgrounds were coded under two themes (i) the playground is not for me (i.e. for children with restricted mobility) and (ii) assistance is a precondition for accessibility. The results were discussed in the light of how the inaccessibility of play environments can affect the development of children with restricted mobility, and affect their possibilities of a life on a par with that of other children.
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| 9. |
- Tamm, Maare
(författare)
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Relatives as a help or a hindrance : a grounded theory study seen from the perspective of the occupational therapist
- 1999
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 6:1, s. 36-45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Family caregivers are the primary source of support for rehabilitation in the home setting for frail elderly people. The purpose of the study was to gain a deeper understanding of how occupational therapists view the family caregivers and their own role in rehabilitation in the home-care setting. The investigation was carried out as a grounded theory study. Interview transcripts from 18 community-based occupational therapists were analysed according to the constant comparative method for grounded theory described by Glaser & Strauss. Six categories were grounded in the data, forming a model describing how occupational therapists view family caregivers dealing with a demanding situation of existential insecurity (the core category). These six categories formed two higher-order categories-family caregivers as a help or as a hindrance. The role of the occupational therapists in relation to relatives varied, depending on the part played by the relatives themselves, but it was better defined and distinct when relatives acted as a help than when they acted as a hindrance.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Bramhagen, Ann-Cathrine, et al.
(författare)
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Iron status of children in southern Sweden: effects of cow's milk and follow-on formula
- 1999
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 88:12, s. 1333-1337
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim. The objective of the study was to investigate iron status in children in relation to intake of cow's milk and follow-on formula. Methods. In all, 367 healthy 2.5-y-old children were enrolled in the study. The amounts of cow's milk and formula consumed were recorded. B-haemoglobin, S-ferritin, S-iron, total iron binding capacity and mean corpuscular volume were analysed. Results. Seven percent of the children had iron deficiency anaemia (Hb <110 g/l) and 10% had S-ferritin <12 μg/1. Furthermore, 10% of the children were iron deficient, with or without anaemia. Children with iron deficiency had a higher intake of cow's milk (382 ml, 95% confidence interval (CI) 294-496, vs. 257 ml, CI 232–272, p< 0.0001), and fewer consumed follow-on formula (11% vs. 43%, p = 0.0002) compared to those with sufficient iron. Conclusion. Iron deficiency is still common during childhood in Sweden. Intake of cow's milk is significantly higher in children with iron deficiency. In contrast, iron deficiency is less frequent among those consuming follow-on formula.
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| 12. |
- Davenport, ML, et al.
(författare)
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Turner syndrome: a pattern of early growth failure
- 1999
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Ingår i: Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992). Supplement. - : Wiley. - 0803-5326 .- 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 88:433, s. 118-121
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 13. |
- Johansen, K., et al.
(författare)
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Incidence of estimates of the disease burden of rotavirus in Sweden
- 1999
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. Supplement. - : Wiley. - 0803-5326 .- 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 88:426, s. 20-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Laboratory and hospitalization data from two children's hospitals with large primary catchment areas and national laboratory and hospitalization data for children under 4 y of age with acute diarrhoea were compiled to estimate the number of hospitalizations and the cost burden associated with rotavirus diarrhoea in Sweden. According to our estimates 1500-1700 rotavirus-associated hospitalizations occur annually in Sweden in children under 4 y of age (3.7 hospitalizations/1000 children/y). This number represents 2.3% of admissions for all diagnoses in children of this age group. The cost of these hospitalizations is 13.5-15 million Swedish crowns (US$1.8-2 million). Serotyping by PCR for two years revealed that serotype 1 (G1) was the most common (49% and 58%, respectively) identified. Serotypes 2-4 were identified in the following proportions G2 (23% and 5%), G3 (21% and 0%) and G4 (7% and 16%). The national laboratory report data for 1993-96 show that as much as 7-13% of rotavirus infections occur in elderly people.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Renman, C., et al.
(författare)
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Mental health and psychosocial characteristics in adolescent obesity : population-based case-control study
- 1999
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 88:9, s. 998-1003
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this population-based study we compared self-esteem, social background, social and academic competence, behavioural problems and lifestyle in 58 obese adolescents (BMI ≥ 99.6th percentile or ≥ 30 kg/m2), aged 14—18 y, with 58 sex- and age-matched controls of normal weight. The instruments used were: I Think I Am, Youth Self Report and a lifestyle questionnaire. The obese group was on average, 40 kg heavier than the controls. The obese individuals rated themselves significantly lower in physical characteristics, but in all other aspects of self-esteem, mental health and social and academic competence there were no differences between the two groups. There were significant socioeconomic differences, with more obese adolescents living with only one parent and with the mothers in the obese group having, in general, lower education than those in the control group. This study confirms previous observations that obesity is associated with special socioeconomic conditions in youth, but that obese adolescents do not differ from their normal-weight peers in other aspects of mental health
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| 16. |
- Marklund, Berit, et al.
(författare)
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Effects on Sickness Pattern of Early Mini-rehabilitation Groups Among Patients with Musculoskeletal Problems in Primary Healthcare
- 1999
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - London, UK : Informa Healthcare. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 6:2, s. 90-94
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- People with musculoskeletal problems are repetitive users of the occupational and primary healthcare services; it seems that traditional medical treatment and physiotherapy are of little help. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects on the sickness pattern among patients with musculoskeletal problems after an early rehabilitation programme and 3 months later based on interdisciplinary efforts in primary healthcare. The intervention was implemented in one of two primary healthcare areas during a 10-month period involving an intervention group (n=138) and a control group (n=75). Descriptive and analytical statistics were used. The result reflected a significantly shorter average sick period in the intervention group (63.8 days) than in the control group (92.8 days). The study indicates that such a model of early rehabilitation based on interdisciplinary efforts has the potential to provide significant socioeconomic benefits. © 1999 Scandinavian University Press.
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| 17. |
- Abd-el-Gawad, G, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of Kock urinary reservoir function in children and adolescents at 3-10 years' follow-up.
- 1999
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5599 .- 1651-2065. ; 33:3, s. 149-55
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to evaluate Kock reservoir function in children and adolescents operated for congenital urinary incontinence and to determine the complication rate. Reservoir function was investigated in 13 children (age range 10.8-16 years) and 7 adolescents (age range 16-18 years) through enterocystometry, enterocystoscopy and patient history. Patients were followed up for 3-10 years. The follow-up was reported as early (3 months-2 years) and late (2-10 years) postoperative periods. At early follow-up reservoir capacity was high in four patients and normal in the remaining patients. A low reservoir pressure was accompanied by high capacity and compliance. On enterocystometry first sensation for emptying was experienced in 82% of patients at early follow-up and 92% at late follow-up. Reservoir contractions were recorded in 60% of patients at early follow-up and 65% at late follow-up. The contractions were recorded at an average reservoir capacity of 270 ml at early follow-up and 340 ml at late follow-up. The complication rate was high in the child group compared with that in adolescents. Of 13 patients with at least one reservoir complication 10 were from the child group. Nipple dysfunction (angled nipple, prolapsed or stenosed stoma) occurred in 35% of patients, stones in 40% and bleeding during catheterization in 15%. Revision was performed in 38% of the child group and 15% of the adolescents. Reservoir perforation was observed in two patients at 6 and 9 years postoperatively. At late follow-up continence was excellent in 17 of 19 patients and good in 2. We conclude that the Kock reservoir is a good modality for urinary diversion, but the complication incidence is high in the child group (<16 years). Stability of the reservoir in terms of volume and low internal pressures was achieved one year after operation, except in the patients with infrequent reservoir emptying. A time-related increase in the reservoir sensitivity and contractility was reported on enterocystometry. Nipple dysfunction is common during the first two years after surgery, particularly in the child group. Stones may form 3-4 years after surgery. Satisfactory continence was achieved in all patients, although a revisional operation was necessary in some patients in order to obtain permanent continence.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Becker, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Computing data about patients with cleft lip and palate
- 1999
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand Surgery. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-2073 .- 0284-4311. ; 33:2, s. 203-208
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For clinical research and quality control in the treatment of patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP) we created a register based on commercially available computer components. In this report we present the logical organisation of the system and give some representative examples of its applicability. There is great potential for easy access to data, and presentation.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Bergenius, J, et al.
(författare)
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Vestibular neuritis: a follow-up study
- 1999
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Ingår i: Acta oto-laryngologica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0001-6489 .- 1651-2251. ; 119:8, s. 895-899
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 25. |
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