| 1. |
- Best, Mairi, et al.
(författare)
-
EMSO: A distributed infrastructure for addressing geohazards and global ocean change
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Oceanography. - : The Oceanography Society. - 1042-8275. ; 27:2, s. 167-169
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The European Multidisciplinary Seafloor and water-column Observatory (EMSO; http://www.emso-eu.org) is addressing the next challenge in Earth-ocean science: how to coordinate data acquisition, analysis, archiving, access, and response to geohazards across provincial, national, regional, and international boundaries. Such coordination is needed to optimize the use of current and planned ocean observatory systems to (1) address national and regional public safety concerns about geohazards (e.g., earthquakes, submarine landslides, tsunamis) and (2) permit broadening of their scope toward monitoring environmental change on global ocean scales.
|
|
| 2. |
- Breitburg, D. L., et al.
(författare)
-
And on top of all that…: Coping with ocean acidification in the midst of many stressors by denise
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Oceanography. - : The Oceanography Society. - 1042-8275. ; 28:2, s. 48-61
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Oceanic and coastal waters are acidifying due to processes dominated in the open ocean by increasing atmospheric CO2 and dominated in estuaries and some coastal waters by nutrient-fueled respiration. The patterns and severity of acidification, as well as its effects, are modified by the host of stressors related to human activities that also influence these habitats. Temperature, deoxygenation, and changes in food webs are particularly important co-stressors because they are pervasive, and both their causes and effects are often mechanistically linked to acidification. Development of a theoretical underpinning to multiple stressor research that considers physiological, ecological, and evolutionary perspectives is needed because testing all combinations of stressors and stressor intensities experimentally is impossible. Nevertheless, use of a wide variety of research approaches is a logical and promising strategy for improving understanding of acidification and its effects. Future research that focuses on spatial and temporal patterns of stressor interactions and on identifying mechanisms by which multiple stressors affect individuals, populations, and ecosystems is critical. It is also necessary to incorporate consideration of multiple stressors into management, mitigation, and adaptation to acidification and to increase public and policy recognition of the importance of addressing acidification in the context of the suite of other stressors with which it potentially interacts. © 2015 by The Oceanography Society. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 3. |
- Dahlgren, Thomas G., 1963, et al.
(författare)
-
The Use of eDNA to Monitor Pelagic Fish in Offshore Floating Wind Farms
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Oceanography. - : The Oceanography Society. - 1042-8275. ; 36:Supp 1, s. 94-95
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- After nearly 30 years of experience with offshore wind energy (OWE), the industry is moving past the initial learning phase and into large-scale development. One of the strongest motivations for OWE is that projects are large enough to replace fossil-fueled electricity production that we know is a primary contributor to the ongoing climate crisis. Environmental concerns are therefore also at the core of OWE development, and environmental research and impact monitoring have been central parts of the industry since its inception. A large volume of science-based knowledge is available about the environmental impacts of OWE on marine ecosystems, from effects on the seafloor sediment infauna beneath the turbines to those on marine mammals that roam the developed seas.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Fenty, Ian, et al.
(författare)
-
Oceans Melting Greenland : Early Results from NASA’s Ocean-Ice Mission in Greenland
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Oceanography. - : The Oceanography Society. - 1042-8275. ; 29:4, s. 72-83
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet represents a major uncertainty in projecting future rates of global sea level rise. Much of this uncertainty is related to a lack of knowledge about subsurface ocean hydrographic properties, particularly heat content, how these properties are modified across the continental shelf, and about the extent to which the ocean interacts with glaciers. Early results from NASA's five-year Oceans Melting Greenland (OMG) mission, based on extensive hydrographic and bathymetric surveys, suggest that many glaciers terminate in deep water and are hence vulnerable to increased melting due to ocean-ice interaction. OMG will track ocean conditions and ice loss at glaciers around Greenland through the year 2020, providing critical information about ocean-driven Greenland ice mass loss in a warming climate.
|
|
| 6. |
- Moore, Ted, et al.
(författare)
-
Reading All the Pages in the Book on Climate History
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Oceanography. - : The Oceanography Society. - 1042-8275. ; 32:1, s. 28-30
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent decades, the scientific ocean drilling community has prided itself in being able to achieve the full recovery of hundreds of meters of the sedimentary section through coring, allowing scientists to decipher the history of Earth's climate in its fullest resolution. The Deep Sea Drilling Project, the Ocean Drilling Program, the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program, and the International Ocean Discovery Program provided the impetus for the rapid growth of paleoceanography as a new field of study and contributed significantly to modern-day paleoclimate studies. These new fields are based upon a long progression of technical developments over decades and hundreds of drilling expeditions. Here, we briefly review the technical and coring strategy advances that today allow us to read all the pages in the book on climate history.
|
|
| 7. |
- O'Regan, Matt, et al.
(författare)
-
A synthesis of the long-term paleoclimatic evolution of the Arctic
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Oceanography. - : The Oceanography Society. - 1042-8275. ; 24:3, s. 66-80
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since the Arctic Ocean began forming in the Early Cretaceous 112–140 million years ago, the Arctic region has undergone profound oceanographic and paleoclimatic changes. It has evolved from a warm epicontinental sea to its modern state as a cold isolated ocean with extensive perennial sea ice cover. Our understanding of the long-term paleoclimate evolution of the Arctic remains fragmentary but has advanced dramatically in the past decade through analysis of new marine and terrestrial records, supplemented by important insights from paleoclimate models. Improved understanding of how these observations fit into the long-term evolution of the global climate system requires additional scientific drilling in the Arctic to provide detailed and continuous paleoclimate records, and to resolve the timing and impact of key tectonic and physiographic changes to the ocean basin and surrounding landmasses. Here, we outline the long-term paleoclimatic evolution of the Arctic, with a focus on integrating both terrestrial and marine records.
|
|
| 8. |
- Polyak, Leonid, et al.
(författare)
-
Quaternary sedimentation in the Arctic Ocean : Recent advances and further challenges
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Oceanography. - : The Oceanography Society. - 1042-8275. ; 24:3, s. 52-64
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reviews current knowledge of sedimentation patterns in the Arctic Ocean during the pronounced climatic cycles of the last several hundred thousand years, an especially relevant time period that provides long-term context for present climate change. The review is largely based on data collected during recent research icebreaker cruises to the Arctic Ocean, with a focus on the 2005 Healy-Oden TransArctic Expedition (HOTRAX) and 2007 Lomonosov Ridge Off Greenland (LOMROG) expedition. The sediment cores and geophysical seafloor mapping data collected enable reconstruction of past oceanic environments. Evaluation of these data suggests that the two major Arctic Ocean circulation systems, the Trans-Polar Drift and the Beaufort Gyre, persisted throughout most of the Late to Middle Quaternary, approximately the last 0.5 to 0.7 million years. Extreme conditions, nonanalogous to modern environments, also occurred in the past, especially during Pleistocene glacial intervals. Some of these intervals likely featured much thickened and/or concentrated sea ice and incursions of ice shelves and armadas of megasized icebergs from the margins to the center of the Arctic Ocean. In contrast, much warmer conditions with reduced sea ice extent existed during interglacial periods. Characterization of ice conditions during these intervals is critical for evaluating the present and projected future reduction of Arctic sea ice.
|
|
| 9. |
- Rabalais, N. N., et al.
(författare)
-
Eutrophication-driven deoxygenation in the coastal ocean
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Oceanography. - : The Oceanography Society. - 1042-8275. ; 27:1, s. 172-183
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human activities, especially increased nutrient loads that set in motion a cascading chain of events related to eutrophication, accelerate development of hypoxia (lower oxygen concentration) in many areas of the world's coastal ocean. Climate changes and extreme weather events may modify hypoxia. Organismal and fisheries effects are at the heart of the coastal hypoxia issue, but more subtle regime shifts and trophic interactions are also cause for concern. The chemical milieu associated with declining dissolved oxygen concentrations affects the biogeochemical cycling of oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, silica, trace metals, and sulfide as observed in water column processes, shifts in sediment biogeochemistry, and increases in carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur, as well as shifts in their stable isotopes, in recently accumulated sediments. © 2014 by The Oceanography Society. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 10. |
- Treasure, Anne M., et al.
(författare)
-
Marine Mammals Exploring the Oceans Pole to Pole A Review of the MEOP Consortium
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Oceanography. - : The Oceanography Society. - 1042-8275. ; 30:2, s. 132-138
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Polar oceans are poorly monitored despite the important role they play in regulating Earth's climate system. Marine mammals equipped with biologging devices are now being used to fill the data gaps in these logistically difficult to sample regions. Since 2002, instrumented animals have been generating exceptionally large data sets of oceanographic CTD casts (>500,000 profiles), which are now freely available to the scientific community through the MEOP data portal (http://meop.net). MEOP (Marine Mammals Exploring the Oceans Pole to Pole) is a consortium of international researchers dedicated to sharing animal-derived data and knowledge about the polar oceans. Collectively, MEOP demonstrates the power and cost-effectiveness of using marine mammals as data-collection platforms that can dramatically improve the ocean observing system for biological and physical oceanographers. Here, we review the MEOP program and database to bring it to the attention of the international community.
|
|
| 11. |
- Urban, Edward R., et al.
(författare)
-
The importance of bottom-up approaches to international cooperation in ocean science: The iron story
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Oceanography. - : The Oceanography Society. - 1042-8275. ; 33, s. 11-15
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- © 2020, Oceanography Society. All rights reserved. In the past decade, several international efforts developed to address urgent societal issues have been identified through, for example, the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and its associated 17 Sustainable Development Goals and the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021–2030). These worthy efforts will bring ocean science research to bear on problems that need attention in the short term. Yet, there is also a continuing need at the international level to support fundamental ocean science and solve methodological issues over the long term. While knowledge needs to be created before it can be applied, national and international science strategy documents often do not mention the need to maintain the health of the basic science enterprise. We argue that international organizations designed to create knowledge must be maintained and strengthened to inform decisions on how to allocate funding for generating knowledge about the ocean versus solving ocean problems. We use the ocean iron cycle as an example of the benefits of using such a “bottom-up” approach to knowledge generation.
|
|
| 12. |
- Yager, P. L., et al.
(författare)
-
ASPIRE The Amundsen Sea Polynya International Research Expedition
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Oceanography. - : The Oceanography Society. - 1042-8275. ; 25:3, s. 40-53
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In search of an explanation for some of the greenest waters ever seen in coastal Antarctica and their possible link to some of the fastest melting glaciers and declining summer sea ice, the Amundsen Sea Polynya International Research Expedition (ASPIRE) challenged the capabilities of the US Antarctic Program and RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer during Austral summer 2010-2011. We were well rewarded by both an extraordinary research platform and a truly remarkable oceanic setting. Here we provide further insights into the key questions that motivated our sampling approach during ASPIRE and present some preliminary findings, while highlighting the value of the Palmer for accomplishing complex, multifaceted oceanographic research in such a challenging environment.
|
|
