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- Boris-Möller, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of 4β-phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate and staurosporine on the extracellular glutamate levels during ischemia in the rat striatum
- 1998
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Ingår i: Molecular and Chemical Neuropathology. - 1044-7393. ; 35:1-3, s. 133-147
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hypothermia diminishes the ischemia-induced protein kinase C (PKC) translocation and inhibition, and also reduces transmitter release during ischemia. To study the role of PKC in the mechanism of glutamate release during ischemia, we measured extracellular glutamate levels in the striatum with the microdialysis technique, in the presence and absence in the dialysate of the PKC activator 4β-phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu) and the protein kinase inhibitor staurosporine. We confirm that hypothermia attenuates the elevation of extracellular levels of glutamate in the striatum during ischemia. In the presence of PDBu, the glutamate levels in the dialysate increased from 0.3 μmol/L to an end ischemic level of 4.8 μmol/L during hypothermic ischemia (33°C). These levels were significantly higher than in hypothermic ischemia (33°C) without added PDBu. Staurosporine significantly mitigated the glutamate levels during normothermic ischemia. Our data suggest that PKC is involved in the temperature-dependent elevations of extracellular glutamate levels in the striatum during ischemia, and we propose that compounds preventing PKC activation may mimic the hypothermic protective action against ischemic brain damage.
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- Davidsson, P, et al.
(författare)
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Synaptotagmin, a synaptic vesicle protein, is present in human cerebrospinal fluid : a new biochemical marker for synaptic pathology in Alzheimer disease?
- 1996
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Ingår i: Molecular and chemical neuropathology. - 1044-7393 .- 2168-8729. ; 27:2, s. 195-210
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using a novel approach, including affinity chromatography, reversed-phase chromatography, and chemiluminescence immunoblotting, we have for the first time been able to demonstrate one of the small synaptic vesicle proteins, synaptotagmin I, in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Two other small synaptic vesicle proteins, rab3a and synaptophysin, were not detectable. The approximate molecular weight of CSF-synaptotagmin was 65 kDa, as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Further characterization of CSF synaptotagmin by high-performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE) showed a single peak. These findings support that the whole synaptotagmin molecule is present in CSF, without significant proteolytic degradation. After high-speed centrifugation of CSF, synaptotagmin was exclusively found in the supernatant, suggesting that synaptotagmin is present in CSF as a free protein, and not as a constituent of synaptic vesicles. In a preliminary study, we found a marked reduction of CSF synaptotagmin in patients with early onset Alzheimer disease (EAD) as compared with age-matched healthy individuals. To elucidate the biological relevance of this finding, we also quantified synaptotagmin in brain tissue. A marked reduction in synaptotagmin was found both in the hippocampus and frontal cortex of EAD, suggesting that a decrease in synaptotagmin in the brain is followed by a concomitant decrease in the CSF. Analysis of CSF synaptotagmin might provide a tool to study synaptic function and pathology in the human brain.
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