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1.	Aarskog, Eirik, et al. (författare) What were you thinking? A methodological approach for exploring decision-making and learning in physical education 2019 Ingår i: Sport, Education and Society. - : Routledge. - 1357-3322 .- 1470-1243. ; 24:8, s. 828-840 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The broad purpose of this paper is to consider the relationship betweendecision-making and learning. Specifically, our aim is to propose amethodology that provides a theoretical framing along with proceduresfor investigating this relationship in Physical Education (PE). By utilizingselected parts of John Dewey’s educational theories, the paper presentsa theoretical exposition of decision-making as an individual processcontaining both ‘practical’ and ‘cognitive’ aspects. By combining thistheoretical conceptualization with a description of concrete researchmethods, the paper proposes a methodological approach enablingresearchers to get empirically closer to the phenomenon of individualdecision-making within PE learning. We argue that by doing so,researchers in the field of PE can study certain aspects of learning notexplicitly emphasized within existing methodological approaches.
2.	Alsarve, Daniel, 1976- (författare) Addressing gender equality : enactments of gender and hegemony in the educational textbooks used in Swedish sports coaching and educational programmes 2018 Ingår i: Sport, Education and Society. - : Routledge. - 1357-3322 .- 1470-1243. ; 23:9, s. 840-852 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Sport is often described as a field containing competitive and hierarchy shaping activities. However, in Sweden and elsewhere, this field is also permeated by democratic principles where, for example, everybody has the right to participate in children’s and youth sports regardless of gender, ethnicity or physical ability. In Sweden, there are distinct objectives for gender equality, where women/girls and men/boys should ideally be treated and recognised equally. The aim of this paper is twofold: to examine how gender is enacted in the textbooks used in Swedish sports coaching and educational programmes and to identify whether any of the enactments reflect a hegemonic masculinity. The textbooks used in two of the most extensive courses arranged by the Swedish Sports Confederation, ‘The Platform’ [Plattformen] and ‘Basic Coach Education’ [Grundtränarutbildning] are in focus. The theoretical framework and methodological approach are inspired by research on sport, gender and the hegemonic masculinity thesis. In the process of analysis, the hegemonic perspective is central. During the analysis, four themes are identified as expressions of a hegemonic masculinity and, thus, as obstacles to gender equality. Firstly, the binary sex norm poses a real challenge for the implementation of gender equality because it helps to shape a hierarchy that privileges men and masculinities. Secondly and thirdly, the themes ‘puberty’ and ‘the coach’ appear to be important, in that they support and contest a gendered hierarchy. Finally, there are examples of men, like sport coaches, appearing as genderless, which is interpreted as a hegemonic acceptance of the category of men (as universal and genderless subjects). By critically illuminating these themes, the paper adds to the wider research field of sport, coaching and education programmes and the complexity of gender mainstreaming in sport.
3.	Andersson, Erik, 1979- (författare) Parent-created educational practices and conditions for players’ political socialisation in competitive youth games : a player perspective on parents’ behaviour in grassroots soccer 2020 Ingår i: Sport, Education and Society. - : Routledge. - 1357-3322 .- 1470-1243. ; 25:4, s. 436-448 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract By recognising young athletes as active socialising agents in their own right and how they experience parents’ behaviour, the article contributes knowledge about parent-created educational practices and conditions for players’ political socialisation in competitive youth games in grassroots soccer. Parents play an important role in the creation of educational practices and the conditions for young people’s political socialisation in sport. Young people’s formation of political identities, values, attitudes and norms, their adaption to, learning about and sometimes changes in the political culture of a community are dimensions that have hitherto not been explored to any great extent in youth sport research. Three types of educational practices are identified in which the conditions for political socialisation are shown to be marked by social cohesion, security and respectability; group segregation, selfishness and manipulation; disrespect, hostility and blame.
4.	Andersson, Joacim, PhD, 1978-, et al. (författare) I am sailing : towards a transactional analysis of 'body techniques' 2015 Ingår i: Sport, Education and Society. - Abingdon, England : Routledge. - 1357-3322 .- 1470-1243. ; 20:6, s. 722-740 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In recent years there has been a growing interest in questions related to embodiment and learning. Within the field of ‘body pedagogics’ great efforts have been made to develop theory and methodology that can deal with the corporeal aspects of experience and knowledge without adopting any form of dualistic conceptions of body/mind and organism/environment. This article connects to this body of research. The purpose is to first present a synthesis of James’ radical empiricism, Dewey’s transactional understanding of experience and learning and Marcel Mauss’ concept of ‘body techniques’ and the notion of education embedded in it. Against the background of this theoretical development, and with a Transactional Model of Analyzing Bodying (TMAB), we then show how we can analytically come to terms with different dualistic problems that research into ‘body pedagogics’ has to deal with. We use an empirical example of dinghy sailing to create knowledge about what we learn when learning embodied knowledge, and how this learning takes place. We argue that experience is an important concept for understanding the acting knowing human being, describing how experience is organized and developed and outlining how this organization can be understood as learning. We hold that situations where someone learns to embody certain knowledge are cases of overt actions, in which we can see what kinds of relations are created and how these relations become meaningful for further action.
5.	Andersson, Joacim, 1978-, et al. (författare) I am sailing : towards a transactional analysis of 'body techniques' 2013 Ingår i: Sport, Education and Society. - 1357-3322 .- 1470-1243. Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In recent years there has been a growing interest in questions related to embodiment and learning.Within the field of ‘body pedagogics’ great efforts have been made to develop theory andmethodology that can deal with the corporeal aspects of experience and knowledge withoutadopting any form of dualistic conceptions of body/mind and organism/environment. This articleconnects to this body of research. The purpose is to first present a synthesis of James’ radicalempiricism, Dewey’s transactional understanding of experience and learning and Marcel Mauss’concept of ‘body techniques’ and the notion of education embedded in it. Against the backgroundof this theoretical development, and with a Transactional Model of Analyzing Bodying (TMAB),we then show how we can analytically come to terms with different dualistic problems that researchinto ‘body pedagogics’ has to deal with. We use an empirical example of dinghy sailing to createknowledge about what we learn when learning embodied knowledge, and how this learning takesplace. We argue that experience is an important concept for understanding the acting knowinghuman being, describing how experience is organized and developed and outlining how thisorganization can be understood as learning. We hold that situations where someone learns toembody certain knowledge are cases of overt actions, in which we can see what kinds of relationsare created and how these relations become meaningful for further action.
6.	Andersson, Joacim, PhD, 1978-, et al. (författare) Physical education teaching as a caring act : techniques of bodily touch and the paradox of caring 2018 Ingår i: Sport, Education and Society. - : Routledge. - 1357-3322 .- 1470-1243. ; 23:6, s. 591-606 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In this article, we investigate “no touch policies” as a practical teacher concern that includes the body as a location, a source, and a means in educational activity. We argue that to understand issues regarding physical touch within school practice we must conceive it as deeply associated with specific teaching techniques. Thus, the didactical challenge is not found in argumentations about the pro and cons of physical touch, but through analysis of how teachers handle student interaction and teaching intentions.We consider teaching as a caring profession. Caring, as a practical teacher concern, requires wisdom regarding the right time to use bodily touch and to refrain from such use. This wisdom involves the ability to discern people’s needs, desires, interests, and purposes in particular situations and act appropriately. From a body pedagogical perspective we approach intergenerational touch not only as a discursive and power related question but as an essential tension in the intersection of the; ambiguity attendant to any intentional act such as teaching, the conflict between the ethics of care and the ethics of justice, and finally, the paradox of caring.We draw on interviews with PE-teachers in Swedish primary, secondary, and upper-secondary schools and analyses of a collection of techniques of bodily touch that are established and practiced with specific pedagogical purposes. The results shows PE teacher’s competence in handling different functions of intergenerational touch in relation to three different techniques of bodily touch; 1) Security touch, which is characterized by intentions to handle the fragile; 2) Denoting touch, which is characterized by intentions to handle learning content; 3) Relational touch, which is characterized by caring intentions. Each of these is of importance for the teachers in carrying out their call to teach and each of these relies on professional assessments whether or not it meets its intended purpose.
7.	Andreasson, Jesper, 1977-, et al. (författare) ‘Doing for group exercise what McDonald's did for hamburgers’ : Les Mills, and the fitness professional as global traveller 2016 Ingår i: Sport, Education and Society. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1357-3322 .- 1470-1243. ; 21:2, s. 148-165 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This article analyses fitness professionals’ perceptions and understanding of their occupational education and pedagogical pursuance, framed within the emergence of a global fitness industry. The empirical material consists of interviews with personal trainers and group fitness instructors, as well as observations in their working environment. In addition, printed material from different occupational organisations and educational companies has been included. The narratives of the fitness professionals and a case study of Les Mills are presented and analysed through the concept of the McDonaldisation of society, or more specifically of fitness culture. The results show that, even though gym and fitness franchises differ from hamburger restaurant chains, there are crucial similarities, but also differences. One can, for example, discern a tendency towards the construction of predesigned and highly monitored programmes, such as the one developed by Les Mills. Homogenisation is also apparent when looking at the body ideals produced, as fitness professionals work on their own or clients’ bodies, which makes it possible to anticipate a global body ideal. The social and cultural patterns of self-regulation and self-government found in gym and fitness culture can be understood and analysed in a global context. What we find is an intriguing and complex mixture of regulation, control and standardisation, on the one hand, and a struggle to express the body, to be ‘free’ and to transgress the boundaries set by the commercial global fitness industry, on the other.
8.	Apelmo, Elisabet (författare) What Is the Problem? : Dis/Ability in Swedish Physical Education Teacher Education Syllabi 2022 Ingår i: Sport, Education and Society. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1357-3322 .- 1470-1243. ; 27:5, s. 529-542 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This article discusses dis/ability and physical education teacher education (PETE). The aim is twofold. First, I explore how dis/ability is problematised in PETE syllabi from nine Swedish universities. Bacchi's What's the problem represented to be? approach for analysing policy texts is used. The centre of attention thus shifts from a problem and its solution, to how a phenomenon is made into a problem and to the effects of this problematisation. Second, a theoretical framework that corresponds better with the aims of the steering documents advising Swedish compulsory schools and PETE is proposed.In the analysis, two dominant problem representations were discerned. First, pupils with impairment or special needs are constructed as the problem. When pupils with impairment are problematised, they risk being constructed as deviant and marginal in PE. This is reinforced by the fact that, in some cases, the subject is dealt with in only a few pages of text and as part of a single course. Second, power relations, norms or inequality are constructed as the problem. Thus, the focus shifts from the pupils’ reduced physical, cognitive or neuropsychiatric ability to the interactions with able-bodied teachers and peers. Bacchi also asks where the silences are in the texts. The notion of disability, caused by social barriers such as inaccessibility and prejudices, is completely missing. Moreover, ableism – discrimination that favours being able-bodied – is not explicitly dealt with, not even when the syllabi bring up power relations or norms.A change within PETE is required, with inclusive education as the goal. I suggest that both the effects of impairment and ableism, which lead to disabilities, need to be taken into account. Cripistemologies – that is, the knowledge of disabled people – would be useful in this process, as a way to dismantle ableism and appreciate differences.
9.	Apelmo, Elisabet (författare) ‘You do it in your own particular way.’ : Physical education, gender and (dis)ability 2019 Ingår i: Sport, Education and Society. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1357-3322 .- 1470-1243. ; 24:7, s. 702-713 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The aim of this article was to explore, from a gender perspective, how young sporting women with physical impairments experience physical education (PE), and which strategies they use to manage situations that arise in the everyday interaction in connection with those lessons. Phenomenology provides a theoretical framework that includes the body. Ten semi-structured interviews were conducted with the women, aged 15–28. In addition, semi-structured interviews were held with three boys, aged between 10 and 15, and with one male coach. Those latter interviews are used in the article as material for comparison. The young women had a strong aspiration to appear normal. However, in relation to PE, the participants highlighted issues dealing with experiences of exclusion and special treatment. It appeared to be difficult for teachers to see these women as the sports-interested youths that they were. The young women used different strategies of resistance. Some of them did not participate in certain aspects of PE, or chose to quit the whole course. To receive a higher grade, another participant showed the teacher her medals from the Swedish national swimming championship, thus stressing her competence. When the women finally described the stigmatization that they had been subjected to, they avoided positioning themselves as victims, by downplaying the seriousness of a discriminatory situation or by using in the interview the word ‘we’ instead of ‘I’, thus describing the incident in collective terms. Previous research supports the suggestion that the students’ opportunities to show their capacities and strength during PE are dependent on the students’ gender. While one of the boys and a male coach gave examples of experiences of more inclusive PE, with a potential to challenge the able-bodied norm within the subject, the gender norm remained unquestioned.
10.	Armour, Kathleen, et al. (författare) What is ‘effective’ CPD for contemporary physical education teachers? : A Deweyan framework 2017 Ingår i: Sport, Education and Society. - : Routledge. - 1357-3322 .- 1470-1243. ; 22:7, s. 799-811 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract It is widely argued that continuing professional development (CPD) for physical education (PE) teachers is important, yet questions remain about ‘effective’ CPD. We consider these questions afresh from a Deweyan perspective. An overview of the CPD/PE-CPD literature reveals conflicting positions on teachers as learners. Considering the nature of contemporary PE, and the learning needs of teachers, we argue that a different model of PE-CPD is required to reflect the dynamic nature of contemporary practice. We propose John Dewey's classic concept of ‘education as growth’ to underpin a new conceptual framework for the design, delivery and evaluation of PE-CPD. We argue that ‘effective’ PE-CPD will not be found in formal policies, structures and processes, however, well-intentioned, unless it (i) focuses on the dazzling complexity of the learning process, (ii) prioritises context and contemporary challenges; (iii) bridges research/theory–practice in innovative ways; and (iv) nurtures the career-long growth of PE teachers.
11.	Backman, Erik (författare) What is valued in friluftsliv within PE teacher education? : Swedish PE teacher educators' thoughts about friluftsliv analysed through the perspective of Pierre Bourdieu 2008 Ingår i: Sport, Education and Society. - London : Informa UK Limited. - 1357-3322 .- 1470-1243. ; 13, s. 61-76 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The value assigned to friluftsliv (activities similar to outdoor education) in Physical Education Teacher Education (PETE) and in the PE syllabus in Sweden does not seem to result in the implementation of friluftsliv in the practice of teaching in Swedish schools. This study investigates how the identified values of friluftsliv, expressed in interviews with 17 PE teacher educators in Sweden, reflect struggles for legitimate and privileged knowledge in PETE. The exploration of friluftsliv within PETE reveals positions that appear to be an effect of the dominating logic of sport within Swedish PETE and the limited influence of the academic field. The educational consequences of the identified values are analysed and discussed from a socio-cultural perspective.
12.	Backman, Erik, 1972-, et al. (författare) Where does environmental sustainability fit in the changing landscapes of outdoor sports? : An analysis of logics of practice in artificial sport landscapes 2023 Ingår i: Sport, Education and Society. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1357-3322 .- 1470-1243. ; 28:6, s. 727-740 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Environmental sustainability in sport is an increasingly important issue. In this paper, we want to highlight a specific phenomenon, namely artificially constructed landscapes and the outdoor sport activities that take place therein. More specifically, we are interested in the logics that govern peoples’ practice of sport in such artificial landscapes and what challenges with regards to environmental sustainability that follow from these logics. The purpose of this paper is to identify what individual athletes perceive as meaningful logics when practicing sport in artificial landscapes and to analyse and discuss potential environmental consequences of these logics. The sports we focus on are cross-country skiing and canoe slalom, two sports that historically have been dependent on specific geographies and contexts. We build on two research questions: What logics of practice govern individual athletes’ practice of sport in artificial landscapes? And what environmental challenges are potential consequences of the logics that are expressed by the athletes? Our findings indicate that the logic of performance is dominant for the sport practitioners who train in artificial landscapes, at the expense of perspectives such as nature experience and environmental sustainability. If performance is key, then the role of the training landscape is also first and foremost to present the best possible conditions for performance. But if the athlete/exerciser see their training as a means of experiencing nature, then other values than performance and comparability can become more important. When the environmental impact of individual athletes and of the artificial landscapes in which they do their training come under increased scrutiny, the role of logics of practice in the sport and movement culture needs further attention. Being aware of nature and the environment is also a logic that could be found meaningful in the process of making sports more sustainable.
13.	Barker, Dean, 1977-, et al. (författare) Body image in physical education : a narrative review 2023 Ingår i: Sport, Education and Society. - : Routledge. - 1357-3322 .- 1470-1243. ; 28:7, s. 824-841 Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract Physical education (PE) has significant potential to shape how young people experience their own and others’ bodies. This potential has not always been realized in positive ways and some research suggests that experiences in PE have contributed to young people’s dissatisfaction with their appearances. The broad aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive understanding of body image as a pedagogical issue within PE. A narrative approach to the review is adopted that enables us to summarize, compare, explain and interpret various types of research relevant to our aim. From the databases ERIC, SCOPUS and PsycInfo, 25 articles were identified that deal with either body image in typical PE lessons or researcher-led attempts to influence students’ body image (what we have termed ‘pedagogic interventions’). Main findings are that: (1) PE has been presented as both part of the cause and a potential site of intervention to the problem of negative body image; (2) Researchers have based pedagogic interventions on four types of guiding principles; and (3) Researchers have made an array of recommendations for practitioners relating to gender, time, professional development and the characteristics of the pedagogical interventions. Findings are discussed in relation to broader research on body image in society and in PE with a focus on how the findings might inform further scientific practice.
14.	Barker, Dean, 1977-, et al. (författare) Constructive readings of interactive episodes : Examining ethics in physical education from a social constructionist perspective 2013 Ingår i: Sport, Education and Society. - : Routledge. - 1357-3322 .- 1470-1243. ; 18:4, s. 511-526 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In this paper we illustrate how ways of thinking about ethics are tied up with sport and physical education practice and introduce an alternative approach that can help to develop ethical pedagogies. We begin by locating socio-moral education in physical education within historical and contemporary pedagogical scholarship. Our argument is that the work of today's physical educators is still shaped by claims that were made about school sport in the nineteenth century and that sport scholars have long had difficulties proving these claims empirically. Rather than search for data that can confirm or refute claims of moral learning, we examine how incidents related to moral behaviour occur during physical education lessons. To do this we draw on data from an ethnographic investigation of a school in North Western Switzerland. Specifically, we present three episodes of interaction in three different physical education lessons. To make sense of these episodes, we introduce a social constructionist perspective. The main assumptions of this perspective are: (1) meanings are created through dialogue and consensus and are context-relative; (2) interactions between people are joint accomplishments; and (3) contexts affect how people interact with one another. Equipped with a constructionist framework, we then inspect the interactive episodes more closely. We include brief discussions of how constructionist understandings might inform ethics pedagogies in the future, suggesting that practitioners should be cautious of universal understandings of ethics, consider pupils as members of communities that are held together by shared practices, provide space for pupils to position themselves differently during lessons and, finally, account for contextual factors when evaluating pupils' actions.
15.	Barker, Dean, 1977- (författare) In defence of white privilege : physical education teachers’ understandings of their work in culturally diverse schools 2019 Ingår i: Sport, Education and Society. - : Routledge. - 1357-3322 .- 1470-1243. ; 24:2, s. 134-146 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Research suggests that physical education (PE) in Western countries is notproviding equitable experiences for non-white students. Responsibility forshortcomings has often been ascribed to white PE teachers. Scholars haveclaimed that teachers lack cultural competence and know little about howphysical cultures or health are understood by the young people withwhom they work. The objective of this investigation was to investigatethis claim and generate an understanding of how white PE teachers in aculturally diverse high school make sense of their work with non-whitestudents. Data with three Swedish teachers of varying experience wereproduced using semi-structured interviewing. A series of school visitsprovided a complementary line of data. Four themes emerged from thedata. These related to: (1) differences between white and non-whitevalues; (2) the knowledge and dispositions necessary for success in PE; (3)the broad purpose of PE, and; (4) the differences between boys’ and girls’experiences of PE. Data were interpreted using a Critical Race Theory(CRT) perspective, with the notion of ‘whiteness’ providing a specificanalytic concept. The general thesis developed in the second part of thepaper is that problems result not from insensitivity or incompetence butfrom discourses of whiteness in which many teachers live and work. Bybuilding on critical research both in general education and physicaleducation literature and by utilizing whiteness as an analytical concept,the investigation shows how three PE teachers draw extensively on theracial discourse of whiteness and how this disadvantages non-whitestudents. The paper is concluded with a consideration of how racialdisadvantage could be challenged or disrupted.
16.	Barker, Dean, 1977, et al. (författare) Joy, fear and resignation: investigating emotions in physical education using a symbolic interactionist approach 2020 Ingår i: Sport Education and Society. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1357-3322 .- 1470-1243. ; 25:8, s. 872-888 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Emotional dimensions of physical education have garnered attention from scholars in the last two decades. Many scholars claim that emotions significantly affect learning and that positive emotions such as joy and pleasure are necessary for continued participation in movement activities beyond the classroom. Much of the existing literature, however, is based on the idea that emotions comprise internal mental states that are retrospectively oriented. In the current paper, we work with alternative principles that can create new understandings of the affective dimensions of PE and specifically, movement learning. We draw on symbolic interactionist principles, framing emotions as multimodal communicative resources that are performed in social contexts. From this perspective, we demonstrate how emotions: (1) can be investigated as part of the production of broader sequences of pedagogical action and (2) relate to issues of knowledge, identity and authority. We present observational material generated with PE teacher education students as they develop movement capability. We focus on three interactional episodes in which fear, joy and resignation are performed by students interacting with either peers or an observing researcher. In each case, we demonstrate how emotions: affiliate or dis-affiliate the actor with the movement knowledge in focus, index an institutionally recognizable identity and influence the subsequent actions of the participants in the interactional sequence. The key thesis developed in the paper is that as symbolic resources, emotions have important consequences for actors within movement learning environments. The paper is concluded with reflections on the implications of the approach for practitioners along with a consideration of questions in need of further scientific attention.
17.	Barker, Dean, 1977, et al. (författare) Learning through group work in physical education: a symbolic interactionist approach 2015 Ingår i: Sport Education and Society. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1357-3322 .- 1470-1243. ; 20:5, s. 604-623 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In line with contemporary constructivist pedagogies, students are frequently expected to learn through interaction in physical education (PE). There is a relatively sophisticated body of literature focusing on learning in groups, peer teaching, and cooperative learning. Current research has not, however, focused on how the body is implicated in interactional learning. This is surprising given that much learning in PE is expected to take place in the physical domain. The aim of this paper is to contribute to current theorizing by examining social interactions in PE practice. By drawing on symbolic interactionist theory, we put forward a framework for considering how inter-student interactions occur in a multimodal sense. Key ideas relate to (1) the sequential organization of interactions; (2) the ways in which semiotic resources in different fields are used to elaborate each other; (3) the importance of interpretation as a driver of interaction; (4) the creation of local environments in which participants attend to and work together within a shared world of perception; and (5) the influence of material environments on social interaction. The specific concepts employed are epistemic ecology, epistemic position, and learning trajectory. The paper includes observational data from an investigation of learning in Swedish PE to demonstrate the explanatory power and limitations of the theoretical tenets presented. The paper is concluded with practical implications of understanding group work in a multimodal manner.
18.	Barker, Dean, 1977-, et al. (författare) Managing physical education lessons : An interactional approach 2016 Ingår i: Sport, Education and Society. - : Routledge. - 1357-3322 .- 1470-1243. ; 21:6, s. 924-944 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Physical education (PE) lessons involve complex and dynamic interactive sequences between students, equipment and teacher. The potential for unexpected and/or unintended events is relatively large, a point reflected in an increasing amount of scholarship dealing with classroom management (CM). This scholarship further suggests that unexpected and disruptive events negatively impact on learning and can have deleterious effects on teacher health. Despite considerable potential for these kinds of events, many PE lessons occur in structured, organized ways. The broad purpose of this paper is to consider how classroom action becomes ordered in PE contexts. To this end, an interactional approach is put forward including the specific analytic concepts of directives, epistemic authority and deontic authority. To exemplify the approach, the micro-dynamics of a situation in which a group of students are building a human pyramid is examined. The examination draws attention to: how the teacher engages in a series of interactions with the students to move the sequence forward; how the students themselves achieve order through their interactions with one another; and how the characteristics of the activity help to organize the students' behaviors and limit possibilities for action. The discussion is located against a backdrop of current CM scholarship. Reference is also made to two aspects of social context: the increasing prominence of managerial discourse in educational arenas and the significance of student-centeredness in pedagogical theory. Both aspects appear to influence how order can be achieved in PE today. The analysis raises issues related to pedagogy, management and authority which are addressed in the final two sections of the paper.
19.	Barker, Dean, 1977 (författare) Ninjas, zombies and nervous wrecks? Academics in the neoliberal world of physical education and sport pedagogy 2017 Ingår i: Sport Education and Society. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1357-3322 .- 1470-1243. ; 22:1, s. 87-104 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Scholars have drawn some damning conclusions on the current state of the academy. They argue that neoliberal developments such as corporatization and privatization are undermining research and teaching quality, disrupting social relations and impacting negatively on the health and well-being of academic staff. Academia is, according to these scholars, coming to be peopled by hypercompetitive and combative ninjas', cynical and unmotivated zombies' and jaded and anxious nervous wrecks'. Against this negative depiction of academics, the aim of this paper is to provide an illustration of an alternative identity that is formed and performed within the field of physical education and sport pedagogy (PESP). This illustration is achieved through the presentation and analysis of an account that shows some of the individuals inhabiting the world of PESP. The account is based on autoethnographic research and relies largely on reported speech and reflective notes to build a description of the author, in the early stages of mid-career, working with his colleagues to write a section of this paper. A Foucauldian framework that includes the concepts of governmentality and care of the self is employed to consider how the author becomes a neoliberal subject with some possibilities for resisting technologies of power. The paper is concluded with reflections on the process of resisting and the significance of local socio-political contexts as issues for further discussion.
20.	Barker, Dean, 1977, et al. (författare) Youths with migration backgrounds and their experiences of physical education: an examination of three cases 2014 Ingår i: Sport, Education and Society. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1357-3322 .- 1470-1243. ; 19:2, s. 186-203 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract While understanding young people has never been easy, migration trends make it increasingly difficult. Many classrooms have become culturally heterogeneous and teachers are often faced with pupils with diverse linguistic and cultural heritages. Current scholarship suggests that as a discipline, physical education has not adapted to this diversity. In fact, commentators have suggested that physical education alienates pupils from minority groups and that traditional practices work to maintain cultural difference. The broad objective of this paper is to provide insights into how physical education intersects with biographies shaped by migration. Drawing from a case study investigation, this paper presents interview data from three youths with migration backgrounds living in a German-speaking region of Switzerland. The cases were selected because they highlight various ways in which physical education (PE) comes to make sense for adolescents. The key arguments that we develop are that ethnicity often works at an implicit level in PE, that young people experience the effects of migration backgrounds in diverse ways, and that migrants themselves support official educational discourses that work to disadvantage people with migration backgrounds. A key implication is that in a cultural milieu in which generalisations are normal and sometimes considered desirable, both researchers and practitioners need to be wary of racialising discourses. As an alternative, it is suggested that focusing on individual processes can improve the conceptualisation and implementation of physical education pedagogies.
21.	Broms, Lovisa, 1987-, et al. (författare) Super equestrians : the construction of identity/ies and impression management among young equestrians in upper secondary school settings on social media 2022 Ingår i: Sport, Education and Society. - : Routledge. - 1357-3322 .- 1470-1243. ; 27:4, s. 462-474 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The aim of this study is to analyze and increase the understanding of how young equestrians, in a sport school context, perceive, construct, negotiate and manage identities on social media. This article presents how a specific group of young athletes (equestrians) use social network sites (SNS), such as Facebook and Instagram, in relation to their everyday lives as students attending upper secondary schools with an equestrian sports profile. Social media is increasingly important for young people's perceptions, constructions, and managing of identities. Using a multifaceted theoretical framework, including Erving Goffman's dramaturgical perspective, we will explore how young equestrians perceive the content on SNS and analyze how they act and create content in relation to existing norms and cultures. Equestrianism is one of the largest sports in Sweden and several upper secondary schools in Sweden offer programs with an equestrian profile. Studies on sport schools evince a focus on elite sport and competition, which affects norms and ideologies at these schools. Through focus group interviews with 25 students, we show that the situation is complex and contradictory. The results indicate that young riders have identified an online stable culture where high performance equestrianism is the norm. Our study shows that the educational environment is not the only factor affecting the students, but that social media is also a part of the young athletes' constructions of identity. The image of the employable 'super equestrian' who is attractive, wears the 'right clothes', is successful, and acts 'professionally' is the most desirable representation online. The young equestrians are critical of what is communicated on SNS in relation to horses and riding, and they are uncertain of how to position themselves in relation to this communication.
22.	Bäckström, Åsa, 1966- (författare) Knowing and teaching kinaesthetic experience in skateboarding : an example of sensory emplacement 2014 Ingår i: Sport, Education and Society. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1357-3322 .- 1470-1243. ; 19:6, s. 752-772 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The body has become a vital research object in several disciplines in recent years. Indeed, in the social sciences and humanities, a corporeal turn in which embodiment has become a key concept related to learning and socialisation is discussed. This cross-disciplinary paper addresses the epistemological question of how we know what we know and theoretically and empirically contributes to current arguments of a shift from embodiment to emplacement. In other words, this study strives for understanding of the intersection of mind, body and place through a focus on how bodily knowing is formed as part of a moving world. The purpose of the paper is to explore the kinaesthetic experience as bodily knowing in emplaced semi-formal teaching. Through long-term ethnography in a Swedish skateboard setting and in-depth analysis of digital visual material, this paper demonstrates how kinaesthetic experience might be viewed as knowing and how a particular type of this experience might be interpreted as explosiveness and, as such, an act of physical remembrance and energy transformation. Knowing is formed along paths of movement and rhythm, and kinaesthesia is identified as a multisensory experience. It is argued that a fruitful way of bridging the mind–body divide is to view the body as un/knowing, rendering it both knowing and not knowing simultaneously. Moreover, emplaced via its senses in a sociocultural and spatio-temporal environment, this conceptualisation of a moving body in a moving world might allow for re-thinking regarding how a body in context knows, teaches and, possibly, learns.
23.	Caldeborg, Annica, 1973- (författare) Physical contact in physical education : immigrant students' perspectives 2022 Ingår i: Sport, Education and Society. - : Routledge. - 1357-3322 .- 1470-1243. ; 27:1, s. 72-84 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Physical contact is common in physical education (PE) and is often also perceived as necessary in the subject. At the same time, no-touch discourses in sport and PE affect both teachers and students in many western countries. Teachers in the subject have for example become increasingly reluctant to touch their students due to risks of allegations. In addition, many European countries have recently experienced a great influx of immigrants from non-western countries, which has resulted in more multicultural classrooms across Europe. This can be problematic in PE due to cultural differences regarding physical contact, especially with the opposite sex. The purpose of this study is to investigate physical contact between teachers and students in PE from an immigrant student perspective. This is understood through the didactic contract. For this purpose, interviews using photo elicitation have been conducted with immigrant upper secondary school students in Sweden. The major findings suggest that the following negotiation aspects determine whether physical contact can be regarded as legitimate by the students: the professionalism of the teacher, the teacher-student relationship, teachers’ instructive skills, the emotionally engaged teacher, opposite sex issues and teachers and students with similar immigrant backgrounds. These aspects are also part of the process of developing a didactic contract regarding physical contact between teachers and students. In conclusion, it is clear that some of the aspects legitimise physical contact and build trust between the teachers and the students, while others challenge this legitimisation and trust.
24.	Caldeborg, Annica, 1973-, et al. (författare) Physical contact in physical education, sports coaching and the preschool : a scoping review 2023 Ingår i: Sport, Education and Society. - : Routledge. - 1357-3322 .- 1470-1243. ; 28:3, s. 326-340 Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract Physical contact between adults and children in educational setting has been a well debated subject in research over the past 20 years. Although physical contact is often regarded as an important pedagogical tool, it has given rise to an increased awareness amongst sports coaches, physical education and preschool teachers about the possible negative consequences of its use in these settings. The aim of this article is to map the current literature on physical contact inphysical education, sports coaching and the preschool and identify research gaps by means of a scoping review, i.e. after 20 years ofresearch in the field of intergenerational touch what can be said to be known in the field and what possible gaps are there in the research? The research questions are: (i) Which journals, countries, settings, theories and methods are represented in the research field? (ii) Which central themes and knowledge gaps can be identified? The results show that the research field has expanded significantly in the last 20 years, both in terms of the number of published articles, the number of countries represented in the research and the number of journals in which articles on the topic have been published. The central themes identified in the articles included in the review cover the following topics: fears related to physical contact, resistance, cultural differences, the functions and needs of physical contact and the professional identity of sports coaches, physical education and preschool teachers. It is concluded that studies that could lead the research field forward would ideally focus on intersectionality, or how practitioners’ fears of physical contact impact their pedagogical work with students.
25.	Caldeborg, Annica, 1973-, et al. (författare) Touching the didactic contract : a student perspective on intergenerational touch in PE 2019 Ingår i: Sport, Education and Society. - Oxon, UK : Routledge. - 1357-3322 .- 1470-1243. ; 24:3, s. 256-268 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract A growing anxiety around intergenerational touch in educational settings has both emerged and increased in recent years. Previous research reveals that Physical Education (PE) teachers have become more cautious in their approaches to students and they avoid physical contact or other behaviour that could be regarded as suspicious (Fletcher, 2013; Öhman, 2016; Piper, Garratt, & Taylor, 2013). Some also feel anxious about how physical contact might be perceived by the students. The purpose of this article is to investigate physical contact between teachers and students in PE from a student perspective. This is understood through the didactic contract. For this purpose, focus group interviews using photo elicitation have been conducted with upper secondary school students in Sweden. One of the major findings is that intergenerational touch is purpose bound, that is, physical contact is considered relevant if the teacher has a good intention with using physical contact. The main agreements regarding physical contact as purpose bound are the practical learning and emotional aspects, such as learning new techniques, preventing injury, closeness and encouragement. The didactic contract is in these aspects stable and obvious. The main disagreements are when teachers interfere when the students want to feel capable or when teachers interfere when physical contact is not required in the activity. In these aspects the didactic contract is easily breached. It is also evident that personal preference has an impact on how physical contact is perceived. In conclusion, we can say that physical contact in PE is not a question of appropriate or inappropriate touch in general, but rather an agreement between the people involved about what is expected. Consequently, we should not ban intergenerational touch, but rather focus on teachers’ abilities to deal professionally with the didactic contract regarding physical contact.

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