| 1. |
- Andersen, Kristina Vaarst, et al.
(författare)
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Nordic City Regions in the Creative Class Debate: Putting the Creative Class Thesis to a Test
- 2010
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Ingår i: Industry and Innovation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1366-2716 .- 1469-8390. ; 17:2, s. 215-240
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Nordic countries have a quite different urban structure and social systems than the USA. Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden may then constitute a critical test of the empirical reach of Richard Florida's much cited creative class thesis beyond its empirical basis in the USA. This paper employs comparative statistics to examine the importance of the quality of place in attracting members of the creative class to Nordic city regions, and it analyses the role of the creative class for regional economic development. Florida's original study focused only on city regions with more than 100,000 inhabitants. Our statistical analyses mainly support Florida's results with regard to these larger Nordic city regions. The paper, however, also analyses smaller city regions, which are important in the Nordic urban structure. The findings are clearly less supportive for these smaller regions, which mean that the original creative class approach has to be considerably refined when used in the Nordic context.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, David E., et al.
(författare)
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Patent Collaboration Networks in Sweden and Spain during the Second Industrial Revolution
- 2019
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Ingår i: Industry and Innovation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1366-2716 .- 1469-8390. ; 26:9, s. 1075-1102
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article aims to analyse and compare the patent collaboration networks of Spain and Sweden during the Second Industrial Revolution, a key period for technological and industrial development in several economies and the distinct development paths taken by these two countries. The data used are from two new historical patent datasets for Spain and Sweden for the period 1878-1914. To study the structure of collaboration networks in both countries, we applied social network analysis methods and focused on two specific key network properties: connectivity and openness to external nodes. The results demonstrate that collaboration networks were better connected and more open to foreign influence in Sweden than in Spain. This research opens new paths for further multidisciplinary studies both on the evolution of industrial economies and on innovation networks dynamics.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Coding for intangible competitive advantage - mapping the distribution and characteristics of software-developing firms in the Swedish economy
- 2023
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Ingår i: Industry and Innovation. - : Routledge. - 1366-2716 .- 1469-8390. ; 30:1, s. 17-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Software is at the core of digitalisation and is often claimed to play a central role in innovation and in shaping competition across industries and firms. There are yet few studies of the extent and nature of software development across firms. We employ a unique firm-level survey comprising 3,929 firms across Sweden to analyse the distribution and characteristics of firms that invest in software development and the orientation of their investments. The results confirm that software development activities are present in most industries, but heterogeneously distributed across firms. Internal software development is associated with innovation-oriented large firms in high-tech and knowledge-intensive industries, and is often affiliated with MNEs. The results suggest that software development is comparable to R&D investments and constitutes an example of digital innovation. This strengthens the value of studying software development activities to understand how firms invest in and build competitive advantage in the digitalised economy. © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Location Attributes and Start-ups in Knowledge-Intensive Business Services
- 2009
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Ingår i: Industry and Innovation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1366-2716 .- 1469-8390. ; 16:1, s. 103-121
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper examines start-ups in knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS) across Swedish regions by individuals with a formally recognized capacity to produce and develop advanced business services. The empirical analysis focuses on whether their involvement in entrepreneurship may be explained by location attributes. As much as 75 percent of the KIBS founders have prior work experience from business services, suggesting that KIBS start-ups are more frequent in regions where the KIBS sector is already large. Controlling for the stock of potential entrepreneurs and the stock of KIBS firms, it is shown that variables reflecting both supply-side conditions and market size influence KIBS start-up activity. Results are consistent with the hypothesis that KIBS entrepreneurship in a region is stimulated by the simultaneous presence of (i) knowledge resources conducive for the generation and diffusion of knowledge and ideas upon which new firms can be established and (ii) a large market.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Athreye, Suma, et al.
(författare)
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Why do innovators not apply for trademarks? The role of information asymmetries and collaborative innovation
- 2020
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Ingår i: Industry and Innovation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1366-2716 .- 1469-8390. ; 27:1-2, s. 134-154
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper analyses the underlying reasons why innovators do not apply for trademarks for all of their valuable inventions. Using a unique database of UK innovations linked to innovative firms, the empirical analysis highlights the many ways that firms can alleviate information asymmetries and the constraints imposed by collaborative innovation without taking recourse to trademarks. When information asymmetries are not at stake, i.e. when firms use an already existing trademark for their innovations or when they use intermediaries for its distribution, trademarks no longer serve their purpose, leading firms to avoid using it for their innovations. Open innovation also decreases the incentive to trademark, especially when the innovative process involves users, mainly because of property rights issues or because the innovator prefers to use the clients’ own distribution channels.
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| 7. |
- Bagley, Mark
(författare)
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Small worlds, inheritance networks and industrial clusters
- 2019
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Ingår i: Industry and Innovation. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1366-2716 .- 1469-8390. ; 26:7, s. 741-768
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The performance of firms within industrial clusters has been the subject of a multitude of studies. The organizational attributes inherited by spinoffs from parent firms is one explanation behind performance premiums. This paper examines the relationship between a spinoff’s network and its geographic location in an industrial cluster. We hypothesize that there is a negative relationship between a spinoff’s network efficiency and its distance from the cluster’s centroid. Although recent literature infers that the transmission of knowledge in industrial clusters is accomplished via inherited network ties, this has not been directly measured. This paper aims to fill that research gap. We find that, after controlling for firm size, parent size and age, there is indeed a statistically significant and negative relationship between network efficiency and geographic distance to a cluster’s core.
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| 8. |
- Bagley, Mark, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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The evolution of niche: variety in knowledge networks in the global music industry
- 2022
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Ingår i: Industry and Innovation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1366-2716 .- 1469-8390. ; 29:3, s. 425-462
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper examines the evolution of niches in creative industries, specifically the music industry. We conceptualise niche evolution as a manifestation of Schumpeterian disruption, and the music scene as a representation of a creative niche. Through mixed methods, we analyse niche evolution in collaboration networks over sixty years. We show that niche evolution exhibits recombination and reinforcement of new ideas, and propose that niche emergence and evolution in the music industry can be categorised as following three different pathways: seed fragmentation networks with early recombination and intermediate-stage reinforcement, often resulting from break-ups of highly influential bands; creative horizontal networks with intermediate-stage recombination and reinforcement, consisting of tightly knit communities with delayed commercial breakthroughs; and artist experimentation networks with late recombination and reinforcement, consisting of small niches of sub-genre innovations. This paper opens up new research directions for niche evolution, which can advance understanding of knowledge-intensive innovation ecosystems in other sectors.
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| 9. |
- Baum, Christopher F., et al.
(författare)
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Innovation strategies, external knowledge and productivity growth
- 2019
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Ingår i: Industry and Innovation. - : ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 1366-2716 .- 1469-8390. ; 26:3, s. 348-367
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper studies firms ' capability to recombine internal and local knowledge. It measures the outcome in terms of total productivity growth. Using Swedish data on commuting time for face-to-face contacts across all 290 municipalities, we employ a time-sensitive approach for calculating localized knowledge within a municipality and and its close neighbors. Internal knowledge is captured by register data on firms' innovation intensity. The two sources of knowledge are modeled in a production function setting by discrete composite variables with different combinations of input factors. Applying the model on Swedish firm level panel data, we find strong evidence of differences in the capacity to benefit from external knowledge among persistent innovators, temporary innovators and non-innovators. The results are consistent regardless of whether innovation efforts are measured in terms of the frequency of patent applications or the level of R&D investment.
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| 10. |
- Baumgartinger-Seiringer, Simon, et al.
(författare)
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Towards a stage model of regional industrial path transformation
- 2021
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Ingår i: Industry and Innovation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1366-2716 .- 1469-8390. ; 28:2, s. 160-181
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The recent debate on innovation-based structural change in Evolutionary Economic Geography is characterised by a strong focus on the rise of new industrial paths. This paper seeks to shift attention and cast light on radical innovation activities occurring within existing paths without necessarily leading to their dissolution. Departing from a systemic perspective of path development we propose a stage model of path transformation. We outline how radical change becomes initiated, reinforced and finally consolidated in established industrial paths. Particular attention is devoted to the ways in which actors–influenced by ‘the past’ and driven by visions and expectations (that is, ‘the future’)–exert agency to stimulate asset modification processes that are assumed to underpin path transformation and the reconfiguration of the wider support structures. The framework is applied to the analysis of the automotive industry in West Sweden, which is currently transforming towards the development of self-driving cars.
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| 11. |
- Beck, S., et al.
(författare)
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The Open Innovation in Science research field: a collaborative conceptualisation approach
- 2022
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Ingår i: Industry and Innovation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1366-2716 .- 1469-8390. ; 29:2, s. 136-185
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Openness and collaboration in scientific research are attracting increasing attention from scholars and practitioners alike. However, a common understanding of these phenomena is hindered by disciplinary boundaries and disconnected research streams. We link dispersed knowledge on Open Innovation, Open Science, and related concepts such as Responsible Research and Innovation by proposing a unifying Open Innovation in Science (OIS) Research Framework. This framework captures the antecedents, contingencies, and consequences of open and collaborative practices along the entire process of generating and disseminating scientific insights and translating them into innovation. Moreover, it elucidates individual-, team-, organisation-, field-, and society-level factors shaping OIS practices. To conceptualise the framework, we employed a collaborative approach involving 47 scholars from multiple disciplines, highlighting both tensions and commonalities between existing approaches. The OIS Research Framework thus serves as a basis for future research, informs policy discussions, and provides guidance to scientists and practitioners.
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| 12. |
- Bergek, Anna, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Directionality challenges for transformative innovation policy: lessons from implementing climate goals in the process industry
- 2023
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Ingår i: Industry and Innovation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1366-2716 .- 1469-8390. ; 30:8, s. 1110-1139
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the new paradigm of ‘transformative’ or ‘mission-oriented’ innovation policy, which addresses broad societal challenges, policy makers are given a large responsibility for setting or shaping the direction of socio-technical transitions. However, the literature has so far not provided much concrete advice on how to achieve directionality in practice. The main argument of this conceptual article is that a more detailed approach is needed to better understand the challenges policy makers might face when they attempt to translate societal goals into more concrete and actionable policy agendas. It identifies and discusses eight analytically derived directionality challenges: handling goal conflicts, defining system boundaries, identifying realistic pathways, formulating strategies, realising destabilisation, mobilising relevant policy domains, identifying target groups, and accessing intervention points. To illustrate these challenges, the article uses examples from the implementation of the Swedish climate goal in the process industry.
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| 13. |
- Bignami, Francesca, et al.
(författare)
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The importance of geographical distance to different types of R&D collaboration in the pharmaceutical industry
- 2020
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Ingår i: Industry and Innovation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1366-2716 .- 1469-8390. ; 27:5, s. 513-537
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Innovation within companies is generated by a combination of different types of knowledge from external and geographically dispersed sources. Although the geographical dimension of collaboration has previously been investigated, studies have not distinguished between different types of knowledge involved in collaboration. This article analyses how the number of collaborations between pharmaceutical multinational companies (MNCs) and external organizations is affected by geographical distance, distinguishing between four knowledge types: basic science, clinical science, core knowledge, and exploration knowledge. We use co-publications as a proxy for collaborations. Our results show that collaborations in basic science and core knowledge areas are more negatively affected by geographical distance than collaborations within clinical science and exploration knowledge areas. This suggests that the importance of geographic proximity depends on the type of knowledge that is being transferred in R&D collaborations. Our results have implications for companies´ collaboration strategies and their choices for the R&D sites´ location.
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| 14. |
- Björk, Jennie, et al.
(författare)
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The Impact of Social Capital on Ideation
- 2011
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Ingår i: Industry and Innovation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1366-2716 .- 1469-8390. ; 18:6, s. 631-647
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper examines the impact of social capital on the quality of ideas generated by individuals at work. Two dimensions of social capital are investigated—the degree (i.e. size) of individuals' networks of ideation relations, and the structural holes (i.e. gaps between nodes) of those relations. Previous research has presented different and even conflicting empirical results concerning the effect of structural holes on innovation activities, and has not dealt specifically with the ideation phase of the innovation process. By drawing upon an idea database from a Swedish company that has worked systematically with idea management for an extensive period, this study investigates the interrelationship between social capital and ideation. The empirical study reveals that the larger the size of an individual's ego network, the higher is this individual's innovative performance in terms of high-quality ideas, whereas the larger the number of structural holes in an ego network, the lower is the quality of ideas generated by the individual in question. These findings support the conclusion that social capital, in terms of individuals' relationships with fellow employees within firms, has a positive influence on idea-generating behavior. Moreover, the results reveal that the presence of structural holes is negative for ideation performance, thus providing important new input to the recent debate on the interrelationship between structural holes and innovation in general.
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| 15. |
- Bogers, M., et al.
(författare)
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The open innovation research landscape : established perspectives and emerging themes across different levels of analysis
- 2017
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Ingår i: Industry and Innovation. - : Routledge. - 1366-2716 .- 1469-8390. ; 24:1, s. 8-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper provides an overview of the main perspectives and themes emerging in research on open innovation (OI). The paper is the result of a collaborative process among several OI scholars–having a common basis in the recurrent Professional Development Workshop on ‘Researching Open Innovation’ at the Annual Meeting of the Academy of Management. In this paper, we present opportunities for future research on OI, organised at different levels of analysis. We discuss some of the contingencies at these different levels, and argue that future research needs to study OI–originally an organisational-level phenomenon–across multiple levels of analysis. While our integrative framework allows comparing, contrasting and integrating various perspectives at different levels of analysis, further theorising will be needed to advance OI research. On this basis, we propose some new research categories as well as questions for future research–particularly those that span across research domains that have so far developed in isolation.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Braunerhjelm, Pontus
(författare)
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Regional Specialization and Universities : The new versus the old
- 2008
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Ingår i: Industry and Innovation. - 1366-2716 .- 1469-8390. ; 15:3, s. 253-275
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper analyzes whether there is a correspondence between a university's research specialization and industrial specialization in the region hosting the university, and to what extent universities influence regional productivity. Moreover, the analysis seeks to answer if a difference can be detected between the influences of old and new universities on regional performance. To achieve this end we utilize a unique data set on spatially disaggregated data for Sweden in the period 1975-99. A two-step Heckman regression analysis is implemented to examine whether universities' research specialization matches regional specialization in production as compared to the average region. The results suggest a correspondence in specialization, as well as positive productivity effects. However, there are also considerable differences across regions, albeit primarily unrelated to the age of the universities.
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| 18. |
- Braunerhjelm, Pontus
(författare)
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Specialization of Regions and Universities : The New Versus the Old
- 2008
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Ingår i: Industry and Innovation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1366-2716 .- 1469-8390. ; 15:3, s. 253-275
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper analyzes whether there is a correspondence between a university's research specialization and industrial specialization in the region hosting the university, and to what extent universities influence regional productivity. Moreover, the analysis seeks to answer if a difference can be detected between the influences of old and new universities on regional performance. To achieve this end we utilize a unique data set on spatially disaggregated data for Sweden in the period 1975-99. A two-step Heckman regression analysis is implemented to examine whether universities' research specialization matches regional specialization in production as compared to the average region. The results suggest a correspondence in specialization, as well as positive productivity effects. However, there are also considerable differences across regions, albeit primarily unrelated to the age of the universities.
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| 19. |
- Braunerhjelm, Pontus, et al.
(författare)
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The Determinants of Spatial Concentration : The Manufacturing and Service Sectors in an International Perspective
- 2003
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Ingår i: Industry and Innovation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1366-2716 .- 1469-8390. ; 10:1, s. 41-63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study is concerned with determinants of spatial concentration in both the manufacturing and service sectors in Sweden during the period 1975-93. By implementing a detailed data-set on the regional distribution of production, the study is addressed first to the degree of regional concentration in Sweden through Ellison-Glaeser indexes and regional Ginicoefficients. It is shown that concentration is considerably stronger in the manufacturing sector than in the service sector. Moreover, the differences have widened over time. In services, knowledge intensity seems to promote concentration to a larger extent than in manufacturing. An econometric examination is then conducted of the determinants of spatially concentrated industries in the manufacturing sector. Results indicate that production technology and the historical distribution of production seem to exert a stronger influence on location than non-pecuniary knowledge externalities. Finally, the degree of regional concentration in Sweden is compared with France and the USA. We find that concentration in production is more pronounced in Sweden than in these other countries.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Broström, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Investing in Localized Relationships with Universities: What are the Benefits for RD Subsidiaries of Multinational Enterprises?
- 2009
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Ingår i: Industry and Innovation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1366-2716 .- 1469-8390. ; 16:1, s. 59-78
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In spite of a long-standing interest in the distribution of knowledge spillovers from university research, there is only limited theoretical understanding of if and when opportunities to interact with a research university constitute a significant force of attraction for globally mobile investment in RD. Based on an empirical investigation of the benefits of interaction with universities, this paper proposes an analytical framework and four ideal types of strategy for localised collaboration between RD subsidiaries and universities. This taxonomy, which largely transcends industry sectors, and the illustrative cases presented in this paper provide insights into the potential scope for localised university-industry interaction from the perspective of multinational enterprises. By connecting the empirical results to the question whether these benefits are significant enough to enhance a region's attractiveness as a location for RD, we are able to develop a better understanding of the alternative strategies for policymakers and university leaders interested in stimulating such linkages.
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| 22. |
- Bugge, Markus M.
(författare)
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Creative Distraction : Lack of Collective Learning in Adapting to Online Advertising in Oslo, Norway
- 2011
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Ingår i: Industry and Innovation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1366-2716 .- 1469-8390. ; 18:2, s. 227-248
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The advertising industry is often seen as adaptable and flexible, and its work organization and diverse project ecologies are assumed to nurture creativity, learning and innovation. The advertising industry in Oslo is currently going through a restructuring process of adapting to the Internet as an emerging media channel for marketing, but struggles to benefit from collective learning. The established advertising agencies have been reluctant regarding the new opportunities in Internet-based advertising, which has allowed for a set of smaller and specialized web agencies to emerge, and who now possess the best skills within interactive advertising. The paper argues that there are two parallel epistemic communities in the localized advertising industry. It is shown that the advertising industry seems to have been caught in a path-dependent technological trajectory, and that in order for collective learning to unfold geographical proximity needs to be supplemented by cultural and epistemic proximity and compatibility.
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| 23. |
- Bäck, Iivari, et al.
(författare)
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Joint Learning in Innovative R&D Collaboration
- 2016
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Ingår i: Industry and Innovation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1366-2716 .- 1469-8390. ; 23:1, s. 62-86
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study analyzes the mechanisms and facilitators behind joint learning in R&D collaborations by way of a qualitative comparative case study analyzing three supplier relationships and three internal R&D partnerships of the focal organization. The results suggest a single joint learning process for internal and external relationships in which the role of the customer and the facilitation of the joint learning process vary depending on the context. Whereas the role of motivation is central for joint learning in the internal relationships, mutual trust is important to the external relationships.
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| 24. |
- Chaminade, Cristina, et al.
(författare)
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The influence of micro-chacracteristics and the region in different modes of globalization of innovation A comparative study of Pune region and Beijing region
- 2013
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Ingår i: Industry and Innovation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1366-2716 .- 1469-8390. ; 20:7, s. 661-682
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since the seminal work of Archibugi and Michie (1995) on the globalization of innovation, several authors have attempted to understand the complex relationship between innovation and internationalization. However, most tend to focus on industrialized countries, just one mode of globalization of innovation and often one traditional indicator of innovation, such as patents or R&D investment, thus ignoring the complexity and multiple aspects of the phenomenon. This paper explores empirically the linkages between different modes of globalization of innovation and firms' micro-characteristics in two of the fastest growing emerging economies. We analyze three distinct modes of globalization of innovation: the global exploitation of innovation, the global sourcing of technology and global research collaboration. We then use primary data from Chinese and Indian firms belonging to three sectors (automotive components, software and green biotech) to explore the differences in the ways in which the firms located in these two economies globalize their innovatiton activities.
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| 25. |
- Coenen, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Comparing a pharmaceutical and an agro-food bioregion: on the importance of knowledge bases for socio-spatial patterns of innovation
- 2006
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Ingår i: Industry and Innovation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1366-2716 .- 1469-8390. ; 13:1, s. 393-414
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this paper is to compare the socio-spatial patterns of innovation and knowledge linkages of a biopharmaceutical and an agro-food biotech cluster. Dissimilarities can be expected based on differences in terms of historical technological regimes and sectoral innovation system dynamics between the agro-food and pharmaceutical industries in general and particularly the distinctive analytical (science-based) knowledge base of biopharmaceuticals in contrast with the more synthetic (engineering-based) knowledge base of agro-food biotechnology. Drawing on bibliometric data and case material the study compares two representative bioregions: a biopharmaceutical cluster in Scania, Sweden and an agro-food biotech cluster in Saskatoon, Canada. The empirical study supports the theoretical expectations and shows that knowledge dynamics in the agro-food cluster are more localized than in the biopharmaceuticals cluster. It is important, however, to acknowledge that these differences are relative. Both sectors display local and non-local patterns of collaboration following the general pattern for biotechnology.
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