| 1. |
- Gustafsson, Peik, et al.
(författare)
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Reliability and validity of the assessment of neurological soft-signs in children with and without attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder
- 2010
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Ingår i: DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY. - : Wiley. - 0012-1622 .- 1469-8749. ; 52:4, s. 364-370
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM To study the value and reliability of an examination of neurological soft-signs, often used in Sweden, in the assessment of children with attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), by examining children with and without ADHD, as diagnosed by an experienced clinician using the DSM-III-R. METHOD We have examined interrater reliability (26 males, nine females; age range 5y 6mo-11y), internal consistency (94 males, 43 females; age range 5y 6mo-11y), test-retest reliability (12 males, eight females; age range 6-9y), and validity (79 males, 33 females; age range 5y 6mo-9y). RESULTS The sum of the scores for the items on the examination had good interrater reliability (intraclass correlation [ICC] 0.95) and acceptable internal consistency (Cronbachs alpha 0.76). The test-retest study also showed good reliability (ICC 0.91). There were modest associations between the examination and the assessment of motor function made by the physical education teacher (ICC 0.37) as well as from the parents description (ICC 0.39). The examination of neurological soft-signs had a sensitivity of 0.80 and a specificity of 0.76 in predicting motor problems as evaluated by the physical education teacher. INTERPRETATION The reliability and validity of this examination seem to be good and can be recommended for clinical practice and research.
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| 2. |
- Ekström, Anne-Berit, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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Cognition and adaptive skills in myotonic dystrophy type 1: a study of 55 individuals with congenital and childhood forms.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Dev Med Child Neurol. - : Wiley. - 1469-8749 .- 0012-1622. ; 51:12, s. 982-90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims To investigate cognitive abilities and adaptive skills in children and adolescents with myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) and correlate the findings to the cytosine-thymine-guanine (CTG) repeat expansion size. Method Cognitive level was assessed in 55 children and adolescents with DM1 (31 males, 24 females; mean age 12y 1mo, SD 5y 1mo; range 2y 7mo–21y 5mo) divided into the following categories: severe congenital DM1 (n=19), mild congenital DM1 (n=18), and childhood DM1 (n=18). The Griffiths Mental Developmental Scale, the Wechsler Scales, and the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (VABS) for adaptive skills were used for this purpose. Results Learning disability was found in 95% of the severe congenital group, 83% of the mild congenital group, and 89% of the childhood DM1 group. The more severe the form of DM1, the lower the full-scale IQ (FSIQ; rs=0.28, p=0.044). The individuals with severe congenital and childhood DM1 had a significantly higher verbal IQ than performance IQ (severe congenital: mean difference 5.7, SD 5.7, p=0.008; childhood DM1: mean difference 9.8, SD 18.0, p=0.038). CTG repeat expansion correlated negatively with FSIQ (rs=−0.63, p<0.006). Almost all participants showed poor results on the VABS. There was a positive relationship between cognitive level and adaptive skills in the mild congenital (rs=0.95, p<0.01) and childhood DM1 groups (rs=0.92, p<0.01). Interpretation Children and adolescents with DM1 exhibit significant cognitive and adaptive problems.
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| 3. |
- Eliasson, Ann-Christin, et al.
(författare)
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The Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) for children with cerebral palsy: scale development and evidence of validity and reliability
- 2006
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Ingår i: Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology. - : Wiley. - 0012-1622 .- 1469-8749. ; 48:7, s. 549-554
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) has been developed to classify how children with cerebral palsy (CP) use their hands when handling objects in daily activities. The classification is designed to reflect the child's typical manual performance, not the child's maximal capacity. It classifies the collaborative use of both hands together. Validation was based on the experience within an expert group, a review of the literature, and thorough analysis of children across a spectrum of function. Discussions continued until consensus was reached, first about the constructs, then about the content of the five levels. Parents and therapists were interviewed about the content and the description of levels. Reliability was tested between pairs of therapists for 168 children (70 females, 98 males; with hemiplegia [n=52], diplegia [n=70], tetraplegia [n=19], ataxia [n=6], dyskinesia [n=19], and unspecified CP [n=2]) between 4 and 18 years and between 25 parents and their children's therapists. The results demonstrated that MACS has good validity and reliability. The intraclass correlation coefficient between therapists was 0.97 (95% confidence interval 0.96-0.98), and between parents and therapist was 0.96 (0.89-0.98), indicating excellent agreement.
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| 4. |
- Lagerkvist, Anna-Lena, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Obstetric brachial plexus palsy: a prospective, population-based study of incidence, recovery, and residual impairment at 18 months of age.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Dev Med Child Neurol. - : Wiley. - 1469-8749 .- 0012-1622. ; 52:6, s. 529-34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim The aim of this investigation was to study the incidence of obstetric brachial plexus palsy (OBPP), to prospectively follow the recovery process, to assess the functional outcome at 18 months of age, and to find early prognostic indicators. Method Of the 38 749 children born between 1999 and 2001 in western Sweden, 114 (70 males, 44 females) had an OBPP. Ninety-eight children were examined on six occasions at up to 18 months of age. Muscle strength, range of motion, hand preference, and functional abilities were noted, and the severity of the OBPP was classified. Results The incidence of OBPP was 2.9 per 1000 live births, and the incidence of persisting OBPP was 0.46 per 1000. At 3 months of age, the predictive value of regained elbow flexion for complete recovery was 100%, 99% of shoulder external rotation, and 96% of forearm supination. Most of the 18 children with persisting OBPP could perform functional activities but asymmetries were noted. Five children had a mild, 11 had a moderate, and two had a severe impairment. Three had undergone nerve surgery, one with a mild and two with a severe persisting impairment. Interpretation Most children with an OBPP recover completely. Muscle strength at 3 months of age can be used to predict outcome.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Nordmark, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of the Gross Motor Function Measure and Paediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory in assessing motor function in children undergoing selective dorsal rhizotomy
- 2000
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Ingår i: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology. - : Wiley. - 0012-1622 .- 1469-8749. ; 42:4, s. 245-252
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study was designed to compare assessment with the functional outcome measures Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) and Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) over time, in children with cerebral palsy (CP) undergoing selective dorsal rhizotomy combined with individualised physiotherapeutic interventions. Using the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), 18 children with spastic diplegia were divided into two groups according to age-related severity of motor function impairment. Data were collected preoperatively, and at 6 and la months postoperatively. Both instruments were sensitive to changes in function over time in the series as a whole and in the group with milder impairment, although the PEDI detected significant changes earlier. In the group with more severe impairment, changes in function were detected only with the PEDI, not with the GMFM. Thus, the instruments are to be considered complementary tests, because they measure different aspects of function.
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| 7. |
- Nordmark, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Wartenberg pendulum test: objective quantification of muscle tone in children with spastic diplegia undergoing selective dorsal rhizotomy.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology. - : Wiley. - 0012-1622 .- 1469-8749. ; 44:1, s. 26-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate the reliability and sensitivity of the Wartenberg pendulum test for quantification of muscle tone in young children with spastic diplegia undergoing selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR). Fourteen nondisabled children (mean age of 5.5 years, age range 2.3 to 8.8 years, one female and one male in each year) were tested twice. Twenty children with spastic diplegia (12 males, eight females; mean age of 4.3 years, age range 2.5 to 6.3 years) consecutively selected for SDR, were assessed before and 6 months after SDR. Parameters of the pendulum test: R2, R1, maximal velocity, and swing time were correlated with clinical assessments for spasticity (modified Ashworth scale, quadriceps reflex) and measurements of gross motor function: the Gross Motor Function Classification System and the Gross Motor Function Measure. The Wartenberg pendulum test was found to be an objective and sensitive method for quantifying spasticity in knee extensor muscles in children as young as 2.5 years old. The method was responsive to changes after SDR. The only correlation with clinical measurements of spasticity was between the R2 ratio and the quadriceps reflex. Swing time was the most reliable and sensitive variable; it showed a weak correlation with measurements for gross motor function.
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| 8. |
- Öhman, Anna, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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Are infants with torticollis at risk of a delay in early motor milestones compared with a control group of healthy infants?
- 2009
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Ingår i: Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology. - : Wiley. - 1469-8749 .- 0012-1622. ; 51:7, s. 545-550
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recently it is claimed that infants with congenital muscular torticollis (CMT) are at risk of having a delay in achieving early motor milestones. The aim of this study was to investigate if infants with CMT are at risk of at risk of having a delay in achieving early motor milestones and to compare them with a control group of healthy infants. A second aim was to investigate if the time spent in a prone position and plagiocephaly, had any influence on the motor development. Eighty-two infants with CMT (35 female and 47 male) were compared with 40 healthy infants (18 female and 22 male). Motor development was assessed with the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS). Multiple regression showed that infants in the CMT group had a significantly lower score at AIMS compared with the control group at two (P=0.03) and six months of age (P=0.05). Infants who spent ≥ three times daily in a prone position when awake, had significantly higher scores at AIMS than infants who spent less time in prone at two (P=0.001), six (P <0.001) and ten months of age (P <0.001). Conclusion: The CMT group significantly achieved early motor milestones later compared with the control group until the age of ten months, but time spent in a prone position when awake seems to be of greater magnitude.
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| 9. |
- Ahsgren, Ingegerd, et al.
(författare)
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Ataxia, autism, and the cerebellum: a clinical study of 32 individuals with congenital ataxia.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology. - : Wiley. - 0012-1622 .- 1469-8749. ; 47:3, s. 193-198
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The suggested link between autism and cerebellar dysfunction formed the background for a Swedish clinical study in 2001. Thirty-two children (17 females, 15 males; mean age 12y, SD 3y 10mo; range 6 to 21y) with a clinical suspicion of non-progressive congenital ataxia were examined, and parents were interviewed about the presence of neuropsychiatric problems in the child. Twelve children had simple ataxia, eight had ataxic diplegia, and 12 had 'borderline' ataxia. All but one of the 32 children had a mild to moderate gross motor disability according to Gross Motor Function Classification System (15 were categorized as level I, 16 as level II, and one child as level IV). Neuroimaging and neuropsychological testing were achieved in most cases. There was a strong association between learning disability* and autism spectrum disorder (often combined with hyperactivity disorder) on the one hand, and both simple and borderline 'ataxia' on the other, but a weaker link between ataxic diplegia and neuropsychiatric disorders. A correlation between cerebellar macropathology on neuroimaging and neuropsychiatric disorders was not supported. Congenital ataxia might not be a clear-cut syndrome of cerebellar disease, but one of many signs of prenatal events or syndromes, leading to a complex neurodevelopmental disorder including autism and learning disability.
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| 10. |
- Aronson, Marita, et al.
(författare)
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Attention deficits and autistic spectrum problems in children exposed to alcohol during gestation: a follow-up study
- 1997
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Ingår i: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology. - : Wiley. - 0012-1622 .- 1469-8749. ; 39:9, s. 583-587
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Children born to mothers who had abused alcohol throughout pregnancy had severe behavioural and intellectual problems which remained at age 11 to 14 years. Of 24 children examined, 10 had attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with or without developmental coordination disorder, two had Asperger syndrome, and one had an autistic-like condition not meeting the criteria for Asperger syndrome. Six of these 24 attended special schools for the mentally retarded and a further 11 were given special education, leaving only seven attending regular schools without any type of support. The children had difficulties in mathematics, logical conclusions, visual perception, spatial relations, short-term memory, and attention. Sixteen children lived in foster homes. There was a clear correlation between the occurrence and severity of the neuropsychiatric disorder and the degree of alcohol exposure in utero.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Carlsson, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Behaviour in children with cerebral palsy with and without epilepsy.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Developmental medicine and child neurology. - : Wiley. - 0012-1622 .- 1469-8749. ; 50:10, s. 784-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the study was to describe behavioural problems in children with cerebral palsy (CP) with and without epilepsy. The children were sampled from the Western Sweden CP register and were part of a European Union project. The Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire and questions on epilepsy were answered by one parent of each child. Medical records were reviewed. Parents of 83 children (44 males, 39 females) age range participated: 30 at Gross Motor Function Classification System levels I and II, and 53 at levels III to V; 60 had spastic age range 8 to 12 years (bilateral 42, unilateral 18) and 23 dyskinetic CP; 34 children had active epilepsy. The proportion of children with normal behaviour on the total difficulties score (TDS) of the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire was significantly lower than normative data (57% vs 80%, p<0.001). Parents of 21 children (25%) considered their child's behaviour to be abnormal. Children with CP and epilepsy had a significantly higher median TDS (p=0.03) than seizure-free children. In children with aided or no walking ability, the TDS was significantly higher in those with epilepsy (p=0.04). Parents of 32 children (39%) considered their children's behaviour to have an impact on themselves and others. We conclude that behavioural problems are common in children with CP, and even more when epilepsy is present. Parents identify these problems, and professionals need to address them.
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| 13. |
- Darin, Niklas, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in prevalence, aetiology, age at detection, and associated disabilities in preschool children with hearing impairment born in Göteborg.
- 1997
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Ingår i: Developmental medicine and child neurology. - : Wiley. - 0012-1622 .- 1469-8749. ; 39:12, s. 797-802
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The prevalence of hearing impairment (HI) in preschool children born in Göteborg in 1980 to 1984 was 2.0 per 1000. This was significantly lower than the 3.8 per 1000 found in a previous study for 1970 to 1974. The decrease took place in the moderate to severe range of HI, while deafness and mild HI remained unchanged during the period. The cause was considered to be prenatal in 58% with heredity in 33% as the main causative factor. Following the introduction of the MPR (Morbilli-Parotitis-Rubella) vaccination programme in Sweden, no cases of rubella- or mumps-induced HI could be found. The number of HI of perinatal origin decreased by half, in spite of the fact that the figures for preterm baby survival almost doubled during the period. Associated disabilities were diagnosed in 62% of the children with HI; speech retardation in 33%, visual abnormalities in 30%, mental retardation in 12% and neuropsychiatric disorders in 9% of the cases. The importance of collaborative efforts between the otolaryngologist and the neurologically and neuropsychiatrically interested paediatrician in the complete evaluation of additional difficulties in the HI child is emphasized.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Domellöf, Erik, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Impairment severity selectively affects the control of proximaland distal components of reaching movements in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy
- 2009
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Ingår i: Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology. - : Mac Keith Press. - 0012-1622 .- 1469-8749. ; 51:10, s. 807-816
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study explored proximal-to-distal components during goal-directed reaching movements in children with mild or moderate hemiplegic cerebral palsy (HCP); [seven females, fourmales;mean age 8y 6mo; SD 27mo], compared with age-matched, typically developing children (seven females, fivemales; mean age 8y 3mo [SD 25mo]. Severity of HCP was assessed following the approach of Claeys et al. Optoelectronic registrations were made during unimanual reaching-to-grasp and reaching-to-hit movements with both the affected non-preferred and unaffected with HCP, particularly those withmoderate impairment, displayed less optimal spatiotemporal organization of movements performed with the affected arm. Compared with the goal to hit, and increasingly with more severe impairment, children with HCP adapted to the goal to grasp by recruiting augmented shoulder movements when reaching with the affected side. A resulting impact on distal kinematics was found in shorter, straighter, and less segmentedmovement paths. Thus, depending on severity of hemispheric lesions and task complexity, unilateral brain injuries in HCPmay selectively affect neural pathways underlying both proximal and distal arm movement control. Levels of both ipsi- and ontralateral activation in relation to side and lesion severity should be considered in future studies on prehension movements in HCP.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Flodmark, O
(författare)
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The brain imaging perspective
- 2007
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Ingår i: DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY. - : Wiley. - 0012-1622 .- 1469-8749. ; 49, s. 18-19
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Gillberg, Christopher, 1950, et al.
(författare)
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Head circumference in autism, Asperger syndrome, and ADHD: a comparative study.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology. - : Wiley. - 0012-1622 .- 1469-8749. ; 44:5, s. 296-300
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that children with autistic spectrum disorders often have macrocephalus, and that those without comorbid learning disability are most frequently affected. Fifty consecutive children with Asperger syndrome (45 males, five females; mean age 9 years, range 1 year 6 months to 16 years) without indications of underlying medical disorders were matched for birth year and sex with 50 children (45 males, five females; mean age 6 years 4 months, range 1 year 4 months to 13 years 11 months) who met criteria for autistic disorder (a lower-functioning disorder within the autism spectrum) and with 50 children (45 males, five females; mean age 8 years 4 months, range 1 year 6 months to 15 years 5 months) who met criteria for attention-deficit–hyperactivity disorder. Birth and neuropsychiatric follow-up records were examined and data relating to occipitofrontal circumference, weight, and height were detailed. The group with Asperger syndrome included a subset of individuals with macrocephalus recorded both at birth and at follow-up after the first year of life. Another subgroup developed macrocephalus during early childhood. Autistic spectrum disorders include a subgroup with macrocephalus characterized by a relatively high level of functioning and a clinical presentation most often consistent with a diagnosis of Asperger syndrome.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Green, Dido, et al.
(författare)
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Impairment in movement skills of children with autistic spectrum disorders
- 2009
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Ingår i: Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology. - : Wiley. - 0012-1622 .- 1469-8749. ; 51:4, s. 311-316
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim:We undertook this study to explore the degree of impairment in movement skills in children with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) and a wide IQ range.Methods:Movement skills were measured using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (M-ABC) in a large, well defined, population-derived group of children (n = 101: 89 males, 12 females; mean age 11 y 4 mo, SD 10 mo; range 10 y-14 y 3 mo) with childhood autism and broader ASD and a wide range of IQ scores. Additionally, we tested whether a parent-completed questionnaire, the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCDQ), was useful in identifying children who met criteria for movement impairments after assessment (n = 97 with complete M-ABCs and DCDQs).Results:Of the children with ASD, 79% had definite movement impairments on the M-ABC; a further 10% had borderline problems. Children with childhood autism were more impaired than children with broader ASD, and children with an IQ less than 70 were more impaired than those with IQ more than 70. This is consistent with the view that movement impairments may arise from a more severe neurological impairment that also contributes to intellectual disability and more severe autism. Movement impairment was not associated with everyday adaptive behaviour once the effect of IQ was controlled for. The DCDQ performed moderately well as a screen for possible motor difficulties.Interretation:Movement impairments are common in children with ASD. Systematic assessment of movement abilities should be considered a routine investigation.
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| 25. |
- Gustafsson, Peik, et al.
(författare)
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Reliability and validity of the assessment of soft signs in children with and without Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology. - : Wiley. - 0012-1622 .- 1469-8749. ; 52:4, s. 364-370
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To study the value and reliability of an examination of neurological soft-signs, often used in Sweden, in the assessment of children with attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), by examining children with and without ADHD, as diagnosed by an experienced clinician using the DSM-III-R. METHOD: We have examined interrater reliability (26 males, nine females; age range 5y 6mo-11y), internal consistency (94 males, 43 females; age range 5y 6mo-11y), test-retest reliability (12 males, eight females; age range 6-9y), and validity (79 males, 33 females; age range 5y 6mo-9y). RESULTS: The sum of the scores for the items on the examination had good interrater reliability (intraclass correlation [ICC] 0.95) and acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha 0.76). The test-retest study also showed good reliability (ICC 0.91). There were modest associations between the examination and the assessment of motor function made by the physical education teacher (ICC 0.37) as well as from the parents' description (ICC 0.39). The examination of neurological soft-signs had a sensitivity of 0.80 and a specificity of 0.76 in predicting motor problems as evaluated by the physical education teacher. INTERPRETATION: The reliability and validity of this examination seem to be good and can be recommended for clinical practice and research.
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