| 1. |
- Yousefi, Mehdi, et al.
(författare)
-
The skewed balance between regulatory T cells and Th17 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Future Oncology. - Stockholm : Karolinska Institutet, Dept of Oncology-Pathology. - 1479-6694 .- 1744-8301.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While Tregs maintain self-tolerance and inhibit antitumor responses, T helper (Th)17 cells may enhance inflammatory and antitumor responses. The balance between these two important T-cell subsets has been skewed in many immunopathologic conditions such as autoimmune and cancer diseases. B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common form of leukemia in the western world and is characterized with monoclonal expansion of B lymphocytes. There is evidence which implies that the progression of CLL is associated with expansion of Treg and downregulation of Th17 cells. In this review, we will discuss about immunobiology of Treg and Th17 cells and their role in immunopathogenesis of CLL as well as their reciprocal changes during disease progression.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Ansari, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
-
Pancreatic cancer : Yesterday, today and tomorrow
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Future Oncology. - : Future Medicine Ltd. - 1479-6694 .- 1744-8301. ; 12:16, s. 1929-1946
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pancreatic cancer is one of our most lethal malignancies. Despite substantial improvements in the survival rates for other major cancer forms, pancreatic cancer survival rates have remained relatively unchanged since the 1960s. Pancreatic cancer is usually detected at an advanced stage and most treatment regimens are ineffective, contributing to the poor overall prognosis. Herein, we review the current understanding of pancreatic cancer, focusing on central aspects of disease management from radiology, surgery and pathology to oncology.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Bergh, Anders
(författare)
-
Characterization and functional role of the stroma compartment in prostate tumors.
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Future Oncology. - London : Future Medicine Ltd. - 1479-6694 .- 1744-8301. ; 5:8, s. 1231-1235
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prostate tumors are composed of many cell types, yet the biological significances of the different nonepithelial cells have been largely overlooked. According to recent studies, however, the stroma, which constitutes a substantial part of the tumor volume, plays an important role during the initiation, progression, metastasis and metastatic growth of prostate cancers. To explore this further, Dakhova and co-workers compared gene expression in laser microdissected normal peripheral zone stroma with stroma in peripheral zone cancers (only those with reactive stroma grade 3). A total of 544 genes were upregulated and 606 genes downregulated in tumor stroma. The cancer stroma showed signs of formation of nerves, increased number of stem cells, and responses to DNA damage. Further studies are needed to explore the functional consequences of this, particularly the role of nerves. If these stroma changes can be used as prognostic markers, as targets for therapy, and if similar changes occur in metastases also need to be explored.
|
|
| 7. |
- Bergkvist, Leif
(författare)
-
Resolving the controversies surrounding lymphatic mapping in breast cancer
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Future Oncology. - : Future Medicine Ltd. - 1479-6694 .- 1744-8301. ; 4:5, s. 681-688
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sentinel lymph node biopsy has rapidly become the standard of care in the primary treatment of breast cancer. Most of the initially identified potential contra indications towards the procedure, such as nonpalpability, large tumor size, pregnancy and being previously operated in the breast or axilla, have been ruled out, whereas multifocality represents an unsolved problem. There is no consensus about the best use of the technique in patients receiving neoadjuvant treatment. There is no place for sentinel lymph node biopsy in pure ductal carcinoma in situ, but it can be used for large high-grade in situ cancer diagnosed through core biopsy, especially if a mastectomy is planned. Morbidity is low, and the recurrence rates reported so far are reassuring. However, long-term results are lacking, and results from ongoing randomized trials are awaited.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Daniele, B, et al.
(författare)
-
Impact of sorafenib dosing on outcome from the European patient subset of the GIDEON study
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Future oncology (London, England). - : Future Medicine Ltd. - 1744-8301 .- 1479-6694. ; 11:18, s. 2553-2562
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- SUMMARY Aims: To evaluate sorafenib dosing and safety in the Global Investigation of therapeutic GIDEON study's European subpopulation. Patients & methods: Patient demographics, disease characteristics and treatment history were recorded at enrollment; dose, adverse events and efficacy were recorded at follow-up. Results: Of 1113 evaluable patients, 82% started on 800 mg/day sorafenib; patients starting on 400 mg/day were slightly older, had baseline characteristics indicative of greater disease progression and higher adverse events incidences (96 vs 88%). Treatment duration (18.0 vs 13.0 weeks) and median overall survival (12.1 vs 9.4 months) were longer in patients receiving 800 mg/day. Conclusion: Imbalances in independent predictive factors may have led to longer survival in patients receiving 800 mg/day sorafenib; nonetheless, results suggest that the majority can start on this dose.
|
|
| 10. |
- Dansk, Viktor, et al.
(författare)
-
Hexaminolevulinate hydrochloride blue-light flexible cystoscopy in the detection and follow-up of nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer : cost consequences during outpatient surveillance in Sweden
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Future Oncology. - : Future Medicine Ltd. - 1479-6694 .- 1744-8301. ; 12:8, s. 1025-1038
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: This study explored the cost consequences of introducing hexaminolevulinate hydrochloride-guided blue-light flexible cystoscopy (HAL BLFC) as an adjunct to white-light flexible cystoscopy compared with white-light flexible cystoscopy alone, for the detection and management of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer in Sweden.Methods: The model evaluated 231 patients in the outpatient setting after successful initial transurethral resection of the bladder tumor.Results: HAL BLFC introduction across all risk groups resulted in minimal budget impact (+ 1.6% total cost/5 years, or 189 Swedish Krona [SEK] per patient/year), and translated to cost savings in intermediate-and high-risk groups from year 2.Conclusion: HAL BLFC allowed more outpatient treatment with improved recurrence detection and reduced transurethral resection of the bladder tumors, cystectomies, bed days and operating room time, with minimal cost impact across all risk groups, demonstrating the economic benefits of introducing HAL.
|
|
| 11. |
- Ekman, S, et al.
(författare)
-
I-O Optimise: a novel multinational real-world research platform in thoracic malignancies
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Future oncology (London, England). - : Future Medicine Ltd. - 1744-8301 .- 1479-6694. ; 15:14, s. 1551-1563
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To describe I-O Optimise, a multinational program providing real-world insights into lung cancer management. Materials & methods: Real-world data source selection for I-O Optimise followed a structured approach focused on population coverage, key variable capture, continuous/consistent data availability, record duration and data latency, and database expertise. Results: As of 31 October 2018, seven real-world data sources were included in I-O Optimise, providing data on characteristics, treatment patterns and clinical outcomes from more than 45,000 patients/year with non-small-cell lung cancer, small-cell lung cancer and mesothelioma across Denmark, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden and the UK. Conclusion: The ongoing I-O Optimise initiative has the potential to provide a broad, robust and dynamic research platform to continually address numerous research objectives in the lung cancer arena.
|
|
| 12. |
- Eriksson, J, et al.
(författare)
-
Stated preferences for relapsed or refractory mantle cell lymphoma treatments in Sweden and Germany
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Future oncology (London, England). - : Future Medicine Ltd. - 1744-8301 .- 1479-6694. ; 16:13, s. 859-868
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: We aimed to elicit treatment preferences in relapsed/refractory mantle cell lymphoma (r/r MCL). Materials & methods: A discrete-choice experiment comprising six attributes (‘overall survival’, ‘progression-free survival’, ‘fatigue’, ‘nausea’, ‘risk of serious infections’ and ‘treatment administration’) was administered to r/r MCL patients, physicians and the general population (GP) in Sweden and Germany. Results: 18 patients, 68 physicians and 191 GP members participated. ‘Overall survival’ was the most important attribute, followed by ‘risk of serious infection’ and ‘progression-free survival’ among physicians and the GP. In contrast, ‘treatment administration’ was the second most important attribute to patients, followed by ‘risk of serious infection.’ Conclusion: Preferences for characteristics differentiating treatments of r/r MCL varies between patients, physicians and members of the GP.
|
|
| 13. |
|
|
| 14. |
- Friberg, S, et al.
(författare)
-
Nanotechnology in the war against cancer: new arms against an old enemy - a clinical view
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Future oncology (London, England). - : Future Medicine Ltd. - 1744-8301 .- 1479-6694. ; 11:13, s. 1961-1975
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ABSTRACT Clinical oncology is facing a paradigm shift. A new treatment philosophy is emerging and new targets are appearing that require new active agents. The medical use of nanotechnology – nanomedicine – holds several promising possibilities in the war against cancer. Some of these include: new formats for old drugs, that is, increasing efficacy while diminishing side effects; and new administration routes – that is, dermal, oral and pulmonary. In this overview, we describe some nanoparticles and their medical uses as well as highlight advantages of nanoparticles compared with conventional pharmaceuticals. We also point to some of the many technical challenges and potential risks with using nanotechnology for oncological applications.
|
|
| 15. |
|
|
| 16. |
- Gudey, Shyam Kumar, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
-
Regulated intramembrane proteolysis of the TGF beta type I receptor conveys oncogenic signals
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Future Oncology. - London, UK : Future Medicine Ltd. - 1479-6694 .- 1744-8301. ; 10:11, s. 1853-1861
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cancer cells produce high levels of TGF beta, a multipotent cytokine. Binding of TGF beta to its cell surface receptors, the transmembrane serine/threonine kinases T beta RII and T beta RI, causes phosphorylation and activation of intracellular latent Smad transcription factors. Nuclear Smads act in concert with specific transcription factors to reprogram epithelial cells to become invasive mesenchymal cells. TGF beta also propagates non-canonical signals, so it is crucial to have a better understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms which favor this pathway. Here we highlight our recent discovery that TGF beta promotes the proteolytic cleavage of T beta RI in cancer cells, resulting in the liberation and nuclear translocation of its intracellular domain, acting as co-regulator to transcribe pro-invasive genes. This newly identified oncogenic TGF beta pathway resembles the Notch signaling pathway. We discuss our findings in relation to Notch and provide a short overview of other growth factors that transduce signals via nuclear translocation of their cell surface receptors.
|
|
| 17. |
- Hallek, M, et al.
(författare)
-
The HELIOS trial protocol: a phase III study of ibrutinib in combination with bendamustine and rituximab in relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Future oncology (London, England). - : Future Medicine Ltd. - 1744-8301 .- 1479-6694. ; 11:1, s. 51-59
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ABSTRACT Ibrutinib is an orally administered, covalent inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase with activity in B-cell malignancies based on Phase I/II studies. We describe the design and rationale for the Phase III HELIOS trial (trial registration: EudraCT No. 2012-000600-15; UTN No. U1111-1135-3745) investigating whether ibrutinib added to bendamustine and rituximab (BR) provides benefits over BR alone in patients with relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma. Eligible patients must have relapsed/refractory disease measurable on CT scan and meet ≥1 International Workshop on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia criterion for requiring treatment; patients with del(17p) are excluded. All patients receive BR (maximum six cycles) as background therapy and are randomized 1:1 to placebo or ibrutinib 420 mg/day. Treatment with ibrutinib or placebo will start concomitantly with BR and continue until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary end point is progression-free survival. Secondary end points include safety, objective response rate, overall survival, rate of minimal residual disease-negative remissions, and patient-reported outcomes. Tumor response will be assessed using the International Workshop on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia guidelines.
|
|
| 18. |
- Ho Cs, James, et al.
(författare)
-
HAMLET: functional properties and therapeutic potential.
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Future Oncology. - : Future Medicine Ltd. - 1479-6694 .- 1744-8301. ; 8:10, s. 1301-1313
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human α-lactalbumin made lethal to tumor cells (HAMLET) is the first member in a new family of protein-lipid complexes that kills tumor cells with high selectivity. The protein component of HAMLET is α-lactalbumin, which in its native state acts as a substrate specifier in the lactose synthase complex, thereby defining a function essential for the survival of lactating mammals. In addition, α-lactalbumin acquires tumoricidal activity after partial unfolding and binding to oleic acid. The lipid cofactor serves the dual role as a stabilizer of the altered fold of the protein and a coactivator of specific steps in tumor cell death. HAMLET is broadly tumoricidal, suggesting that the complex identifies conserved death pathways suitable for targeting by novel therapies. Sensitivity to HAMLET is defined by oncogene expression including Ras and c-Myc and by glycolytic enzymes. Cellular targets are located in the cytoplasmic membrane, cytoskeleton, mitochondria, proteasomes, lysosomes and nuclei, and specific signaling pathways are rapidly activated, first by interactions of HAMLET with the cell membrane and subsequently after HAMLET internalization. Therapeutic effects of HAMLET have been demonstrated in human skin papillomas and bladder cancers, and HAMLET limits the progression of human glioblastomas, with no evidence of toxicity for normal brain or bladder tissue. These findings open up new avenues for cancer therapy and the understanding of conserved death responses in tumor cells.
|
|
| 19. |
- Horvath, György, et al.
(författare)
-
Different volatile signals emitted by human ovarian carcinoma and healthy tissue
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Future Oncology. - : Future Medicine Ltd. - 1479-6694 .- 1744-8301. ; 6:6, s. 1043-1049
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many cancers are detected at a late stage resulting in high mortality rates. Thus, it is essential to develop inexpensive and simple methods for early diagnosis. Detection of different malignancies using canine scent, as well as other technical methods, has been reported in peer-reviewed journals, indicating that this may represent a new diagnostic tool for malignancies. Aim: This study aims to test the detection of different volatile organic compound signals emitted by ovarian carcinoma and normal tissues. Materials & methods: A previously tested electronic nose is used in the pilot study to analyze human grade 3 seropapillary ovarian carcinoma samples. The recorded signals were compared with healthy human Fallopian tube specimens. A variety of algorithms were tested and confusion matrices compared. In parallel, an external validation study was performed using the same type and grade of human ovarian carcinomas with healthy myometrium (first part) and postmenopausal ovarium (second part) specimens as controls. Both sample types were obtained from individuals who did not participate in the pilot study. Results: Method sensitivity was 100% (15 of 15) in the pilot study. The first part of the validation study demonstrated that 84.8% of cancer tissues (sensitivity: 84.8%) and 88.6% of the control samples (specificity: 88.6%) were correctly classified. In the second part the JRip algorithm correctly classified 75% of cancer tissues (sensitivity: 75%) and 80% of the control ovarian tissues (specificity: 80%). Collating results gives a sensitivity of 84.4%, whereas overall specificity was 86.8%. Conclusion: Although based on a limited number of samples, our results strongly suggest that specific volatile organic compound signals emitted by ovarian carcinomas may be used for early diagnosis of the disease.
|
|
| 20. |
- Horvath, György, 1942, et al.
(författare)
-
Different volatile signals emitted by human ovarian carcinoma and healthy tissue.
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Future oncology (London, England). - : Future Medicine Ltd. - 1744-8301 .- 1479-6694. ; 6:6, s. 1043-9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many cancers are detected at a late stage resulting in high mortality rates. Thus, it is essential to develop inexpensive and simple methods for early diagnosis. Detection of different malignancies using canine scent, as well as other technical methods, has been reported in peer-reviewed journals, indicating that this may represent a new diagnostic tool for malignancies.
|
|
| 21. |
- Horyath, Gyorgy, et al.
(författare)
-
Different volatile signals emitted by human ovarian carcinoma and healthy tissue
- 2010
-
Ingår i: FUTURE ONCOL. - 1479-6694. ; 6:6, s. 1043-1049
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many cancers are detected at a late stage resulting in high mortality rates. Thus, it is essential to develop inexpensive and simple methods for early diagnosis. Detection of different malignancies using canine scent, as well as other technical methods, has been reported in peer-reviewed journals, indicating that this may represent a new diagnostic tool for malignancies. Aim: This study aims to test the detection of different volatile organic compound signals emitted by ovarian carcinoma and normal tissues. Materials & methods: A previously tested electronic nose is used in the pilot study to analyze human grade 3 seropapillary ovarian carcinoma samples. The recorded signals were compared with healthy human Fallopian tube specimens. A variety of algorithms were tested and confusion matrices compared. In parallel, an external validation study was performed using the same type and grade of human ovarian carcinomas with healthy myometrium (first part) and postmenopausal ovarium (second part) specimens as controls. Both sample types were obtained from individuals who did not participate in the pilot study. Results: Method sensitivity was 100% (15 of 15) in the pilot study. The first part of the validation study demonstrated that 84.8% of cancer tissues (sensitivity: 84.8%) and 88.6% of the control samples (specificity: 88.6%) were correctly classified. In the second part the JRip algorithm correctly classified 75% of cancer tissues (sensitivity: 75%) and 80% of the control ovarian tissues (specificity: 80%). Collating results gives a sensitivity of 84,4%, whereas overall specificity was 86.8%. Conclusion: Although based on a limited number of samples, our results strongly suggest that specific volatile organic compound signals emitted by ovarian carcinomas may be used for early diagnosis of the disease.
|
|
| 22. |
- Masoumi, Katarzyna, et al.
(författare)
-
Putative role of SUMOylation in controlling the activity of deubiquitinating enzymes in cancer.
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Future Oncology. - : Future Medicine Ltd. - 1479-6694 .- 1744-8301. ; 12:4, s. 565-574
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) are specialized proteins that can recognize ubiquitinated proteins, and after direct interaction, deconjugate monomeric or polymeric ubiquitin chains, thus changing the fate of the substrates. This process is instrumental in mediating or changing downstream signaling pathways. Beside mutations and alterations in their expression levels, the activity and stability of deubiquitinating enzymes is vital for their function. SUMOylations consist of the conjugation of the small peptide SUMO to protein substrates which is very similar to ubiquitination in the mechanistic and machinery required. In this review, we will focus on how SUMOylation can regulate DUB enzymatic activity, stability or DUB interaction with partners and substrates, in cancer. Furthermore, we will discuss the impact of these recent findings in the identification of new potential tools for efficient anticancer treatment strategies.
|
|
| 23. |
- Massoumi, Ramin
(författare)
-
CYLD: a deubiquitination enzyme with multiple roles in cancer.
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Future Oncology. - : Future Medicine Ltd. - 1479-6694 .- 1744-8301. ; 7:2, s. 285-297
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The post-translational modification of different proteins via direct ubiquitin attachment is important for various cellular processes. Dysregulation of components of the ubiqutin system have been linked to many diseases including cancer. CYLD is a deubiquitination enzyme that can cleave the lysine 63-linked polyubiquitin chains from target proteins and regulate cell survival or cell proliferation. Since loss of CYLD expression can be observed in different types of human cancer, it is now well established that CYLD acts as a tumor suppressor gene. Besides its loss of function in human tumors by gene deletion or mutation, CYLD expression can be downregulated at the RNA level if necessary through transcriptional regulation or at the protein level through post-translational modifications. This article summarizes recent advances that link CYLD to different types of human cancer. Identification of CYLD-mediated signaling pathways during the progression of cancer will provide a solid foundation for diagnosis and lead to the development of novel tools for cancer therapy.
|
|
| 24. |
|
|
| 25. |
- Powles, T, et al.
(författare)
-
Plain language summary of results from the JAVELIN Bladder 100 study: avelumab maintenance treatment for advanced urothelial cancer
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Future oncology (London, England). - : Future Medicine Ltd. - 1744-8301 .- 1479-6694. ; 18:19, s. 2361-2371
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This is a plain language summary of an article originally published in The New England Journal of Medicine. It is about initial results (collected in October 2019) from the JAVELIN Bladder 100 study (a clinical trial), which looked at avelumab maintenance treatment in people with advanced urothelial cancer. Urothelial cancer is the most common type of bladder cancer. People with advanced urothelial cancer often receive chemotherapy. If this is the first treatment people with advanced disease are given, it is called first-line treatment. If the cancer stops growing or shrinks with first-line chemotherapy, people can be given different treatment to try to prevent the cancer from growing again. This is called maintenance treatment. It may help people live longer. What happened in the JAVELIN Bladder 100 study? In the JAVELIN Bladder 100 study, researchers wanted to find out if maintenance treatment with avelumab would help people with advanced urothelial cancer live longer. Avelumab is a type of medicine called immunotherapy. Immunotherapy helps the body's immune system fight cancer. 700 people took part in the study. To take part, they must have already been treated with first-line chemotherapy. Also, their cancer must have shrunk or not grown with this treatment. They were then treated with either avelumab maintenance treatment plus best supportive care or best supportive care alone. Best supportive care means treatments that help improve symptoms and quality of life. These treatments do not affect the cancer directly and can include medicines to relieve pain. What were the results? Researchers found that people treated with avelumab maintenance treatment plus best supportive care lived, on average, 7 months longer than people who received best supportive care alone. People treated with avelumab had more side effects than those not treated with avelumab, but most were not severe. Common side effects with avelumab included persistent tiredness, itchy skin, urinary tract infection, and diarrhea. What do the results of the study mean? Results from the JAVELIN Bladder 100 study support the use of avelumab as maintenance treatment for people with advanced urothelial cancer whose cancer has shrunk or not grown with first-line chemotherapy. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT number: NCT02603432
|
|
