| 1. |
- Bonfiglio, F., et al.
(författare)
-
Female-Specific Association Between Variants on Chromosome 9 and Self-Reported Diagnosis of Irritable Bowel Syndrome
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Gastroenterology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0016-5085 .- 1528-0012. ; 155:1, s. 168-179
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND & AIMS: Genetic factors are believed to affect risk for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), but there have been no sufficiently powered and adequately sized studies. To identify DNA variants associated with IBS risk, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of the large UK Biobank population-based cohort, which includes genotype and health data from 500,000 participants. METHODS: We studied 7,287,191 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms in individuals who self-reported a doctor's diagnosis of IBS (cases; n = 9576) compared to the remainder of the cohort (controls; n = 336,499) (mean age of study subjects, 40-69 years). Genome-wide significant findings were further investigated in 2045 patients with IBS from tertiary centers and 7955 population controls from Europe and the United States, and a small general population sample from Sweden (n = 249). Functional annotation of GWAS results was carried out by integrating data from multiple biorepositories to obtain biological insights from the observed associations. RESULTS: We identified a genome-wide significant association on chromosome 9q31.2 (single nucleotide polymorphism rs10512344; P = 3.57 x 10(-8)) in a region previously linked to age at menarche, and 13 additional loci of suggestive significance (P < 5.0 x 10(-6)). Sex-stratified analyses revealed that the variants at 9q31.2 affect risk of IBS in women only (P = 4.29 x 10(-10) in UK Biobank) and also associate with constipation-predominant IBS in women (P = .015 in the tertiary cohort) and harder stools in women (P = .0012 in the population-based sample). Functional annotation of the 9q31.2 locus identified 8 candidate genes, including the elongator complex protein 1 gene (ELP1 or IKB-KAP), which is mutated in patients with familial dysautonomia. CONCLUSIONS: In a sufficiently powered GWAS of IBS, we associated variants at the locus 9q31.2 with risk of IBS in women. This observation may provide additional rationale for investigating the role of sex hormones and autonomic dysfunction in IBS.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Ai, Jiaoyu, et al.
(författare)
-
Bcl3 Couples Cancer Stem Cell Enrichment With Pancreatic Cancer Molecular Subtypes
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Gastroenterology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0016-5085 .- 1528-0012. ; 161:1, s. 318-332
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background & Aims: The existence of different subtypes of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and their correlation with patient outcome have shifted the emphasis on patient classification for better decision-making algorithms and personalized therapy. The contribution of mechanisms regulating the cancer stem cell (CSC) population in different subtypes remains unknown.Methods: Using RNA-seq, we identified B-cell CLL/lymphoma 3 (BCL3), an atypical nf-κb signaling member, as differing in pancreatic CSCs. To determine the biological consequences of BCL3 silencing in vivo and in vitro, we generated bcl3-deficient preclinical mouse models as well as murine cell lines and correlated our findings with human cell lines, PDX models, and 2 independent patient cohorts. We assessed the correlation of bcl3 expression pattern with clinical parameters and subtypes.Results: Bcl3 was significantly down-regulated in human CSCs. Recapitulating this phenotype in preclinical mouse models of PDAC via BCL3 genetic knockout enhanced tumor burden, metastasis, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, and reduced overall survival. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analyses, together with oxygen consumption, sphere formation, and tumorigenicity assays, all indicated that BCL3 loss resulted in CSC compartment expansion promoting cellular dedifferentiation. Overexpression of BCL3 in human PDXs diminished tumor growth by significantly reducing the CSC population and promoting differentiation. Human PDACs with low BCL3 expression correlated with increased metastasis, and BCL3-negative tumors correlated with lower survival and nonclassical subtypes.Conclusions: We demonstrate that bcl3 impacts pancreatic carcinogenesis by restraining CSC expansion and by curtailing an aggressive and metastatic tumor burden in PDAC across species. Levels of BCL3 expression are a useful stratification marker for predicting subtype characterization in PDAC, thereby allowing for personalized therapeutic approaches.
|
|
| 4. |
- Akerstrom, JH, et al.
(författare)
-
Reply
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Gastroenterology. - 1528-0012. ; 166:5, s. 945-946
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Andersson, Johanna, 1974, et al.
(författare)
-
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors with KIT exon 11 deletions are associated with poor prognosis
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Gastroenterology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0016-5085 .- 1528-0012. ; 130:6, s. 1573-81
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND & AIMS: Gain-of-function mutations in the KIT receptor tyrosine kinase gene and rare mutations in the platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA) gene are important events in gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) development. Different mutations are reportedly associated with distinctive phenotypes and possibly clinical behavior. We investigated the correlation among mutation type, phenotype, and clinical course in a preimatinib, population-based series of GIST with long-term follow-up. METHODS: Genomic DNA from 177 GIST patients was analyzed for KIT exons 9, 11, 13, and 17 and PDGFRA exons 12 and 18 mutations using denaturating high-performance liquid chromatography and bidirectional sequencing. RESULTS: KIT exon 11 mutations were detected in 101 of 177 GIST (61 deletions, 23 missense mutations, and 17 duplications); wild-type (WT) KIT and PDGFRA were detected in 63; KIT exon 9 and exon 17 mutations in 6 and 1, respectively; and PDGFRA exons 12 and 18 mutations in 3 each. GIST >5 cm vs GIST
|
|
| 9. |
- Andersson, K, et al.
(författare)
-
Hyperplasia of histaime-depleted enterochromaffin-like cells in rat stomach using omeprazole and a-fluoromethylhistidine
- 1992
-
Ingår i: Gastroenterology. - 1528-0012. ; 103:3, s. 897-904
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the rat, gastric histamine is stored mainly in the enterochromaffinlike cells. Gastrin releases histamine from these cells, and long-term hypergastrinemia results in hyperplasia. The effect of sustained hypergastrinemia on histamine-depleted enterochromaffinlike cells was studied by measuring histidine decarboxylase activity and histamine concentrations and by using quantitative histology. Hypergastrinemia maintained for 6 weeks was induced by inhibition of gastric acid secretion with omeprazole (400 mumol.kg-1.day-1) given orally, and histamine synthesis was inhibited for the same length of time with alpha-fluoromethylhistidine (3 mg.kg-1.h-1) given via osmotic minipumps. In rats given omeprazole alone, the effects of the resulting hypergastrinemia on the enterochromaffinlike cells was reflected in increased histidine decarboxylase activity, increased histamine concentration, and increased number of enterochromaffinlike cells. The general trophic effects on the stomach were seen as increased stomach and oxyntic mucosal weight and increased mucosal thickness. Treatment with alpha-fluoromethylhistidine plus omeprazole markedly reduced the histidine decarboxylase activity and histamine concentration, but the weight of the stomach and oxyntic mucosa, the enterochromaffinlike cell density, and intensity of histidine decarboxylase immunostaining were increased to at least the same extent as after omeprazole alone. These observations indicate that enterochromaffinlike cell histamine is not important for a full expression of gastrin-evoked trophic effects in the stomach.
|
|
| 10. |
- Andersson, Roland, et al.
(författare)
-
Appendectomy is followed by increased risk of Crohn's disease
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Gastroenterology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0016-5085 .- 1528-0012. ; 124:1, s. 40-46
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background & Aims: Appendectomy is associated with a low risk of subsequent ulcerative colitis. This study analyzes the risk of Crohn's disease after appendectomy. Methods: We followed-up 212,218 patients with appendectomy before age 50 years and a cohort of matched controls, identified from the Swedish Inpatient Register and the nationwide Census, for any subsequent diagnosis of Crohn's disease. Results: An increased risk of Crohn's disease was found for more than 20 years after appendectomy, with incidence rate ratio 2.11 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21-3.79) after perforated appendicitis, 1.85 (95% CI, 1.10-3.18) after nonspecific abdominal pain, 2.15 (95% CI, 1.25-3.80) after mesenteric lymphadenitis, 2.52 (95% CI, 1.43-4.63) after other diagnoses. After nonperforated appendicitis, there was an increased risk among women but not among men (incidence rate ratio 1.37, 95% CI, 1.03-1.85, respectively, 0.89, 95% CI, 0.64-1.24). Patients operated on before age 10 years had a low risk (incidence rate ratio 0.48, 95% CI, 0.23-0.97). Crohn's disease patients with a history of perforated appendicitis had a worse prognosis. Conclusions: Appendectomy is associated with an increased risk of Crohn's disease that is dependent on the patient's sex, age, and the diagnosis at operation. The pattern of associations suggests a biologic cause.
|
|
| 11. |
|
|
| 12. |
- Archambault, Alexi N., et al.
(författare)
-
Cumulative Burden of Colorectal Cancer Associated Genetic Variants Is More Strongly Associated With Early-Onset vs Late-Onset Cancer
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Gastroenterology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0016-5085 .- 1528-0012. ; 158:5, s. 1274-1286.e12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND & AIMS: Early-onset colorectal cancer (CRC, in persons younger than 50 years old) is increasing in incidence; yet, in the absence of a family history of CRC, this population lacks harmonized recommendations for prevention. We aimed to determine whether a polygenic risk score (PRS) developed from 95 CRC-associated common genetic risk variants was associated with risk for early-onset CRC.METHODS: We studied risk for CRC associated with a weighted PRS in 12,197 participants younger than 50 years old vs 95,865 participants 50 years or older. PRS was calculated based on single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with CRC in a large-scale genome-wide association study as of January 2019. Participants were pooled from 3 large consortia that provided clinical and genotyping data: the Colon Cancer Family Registry, the Colorectal Transdisciplinary Study, and the Genetics and Epidemiology of Colorectal Cancer Consortium and were all of genetically defined European descent. Findings were replicated in an independent cohort of 72,573 participants.RESULTS: Overall associations with CRC per standard deviation of PRS were significant for early-onset cancer, and were stronger compared with late-onset cancer (P for interaction = .01); when we compared the highest PRS quartile with the lowest, risk increased 3.7-fold for early-onset CRC (95% CI 3.28-4.24) vs 2.9-fold for late-onset CRC (95% CI 2.80-3.04). This association was strongest for participants without a first-degree family history of CRC (P for interaction = 5.61 x 10(-5)). When we compared the highest with the lowest quartiles in this group, risk increased 4.3-fold for early-onset CRC (95% CI 3.61-5.01) vs 2.9-fold for late-onset CRC (95% CI 2.70-3.00). Sensitivity analyses were consistent with these findings.CONCLUSIONS: In an analysis of associations with CRC per standard deviation of PRS, we found the cumulative burden of CRC-associated common genetic variants to associate with early-onset cancer, and to be more strongly associated with early-onset than late-onset cancer, particularly in the absence of CRC family history. Analyses of PRS, along with environmental and lifestyle risk factors, might identify younger individuals who would benefit from preventive measures.
|
|
| 13. |
|
|
| 14. |
|
|
| 15. |
- Awla, Darbaz, et al.
(författare)
-
NFATc3 Regulates Trypsinogen Activation, Neutrophil Recruitment, and Tissue Damage in Acute Pancreatitis in Mice.
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Gastroenterology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1528-0012 .- 0016-5085. ; 143:5, s. 1352-1352
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND & AIMS: The signaling mechanisms that regulate trypsinogen activation and inflammation in acute pancreatitis (AP) are unclear. We explored the involvement of the calcium- and calcineurin-dependent transcription factor nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) in development of AP in mice. METHODS: We measured levels of myeloperoxidase and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (CXCL2), trypsinogen activation, and tissue damage in the pancreas 24 h after induction of AP by retrograde infusion of taurocholate into the pancreatic ducts of wild-type, NFAT luciferase reporter (NFAT-luc), and NFATc3-deficient mice. We isolated acinar cells and measured NFAT nuclear accumulation, trypsin activity, and expression of NFAT-regulated genes. RESULTS: Infusion of taurocholate increased the transcriptional activity of NFAT in the pancreas, aorta, lung, and spleen of NFAT-luc mice. Inhibition of NFAT with A-285222 blocked taurocholate-induced activation of NFAT in all organs. A-285222 also reduced taurocholate-induced increases in levels of amylase, myeloperoxidase and CXCL2; activation of trypsinogen; necrosis of acinar cells; edema; leukocyte infiltration; and hemorrhage in the pancreas. NFATc3-deficient mice were protected from these effects of taurocholate. Similar results were obtained using an L-arginine-induced model of AP. Reverse transcriptase PCR and confocal immunofluorescence analyses showed that NFATc3 is expressed by acinar cells. NFATc3 expression was activated by stimuli that increase intracellular calcium; activation was prevented by the calcineurin blocker cyclosporine A or A-285222. Activation of trypsinogen by secretagogues in acinar cells was prevented by pharmacologic inhibition of NFAT signaling or lack of NFATc3. A-285222 also reduced expression of inflammatory cytokines such as CXCL2 in acinar cells. CONCLUSIONS: NFATc3 regulates trypsinogen activation, inflammation, and pancreatic tissue damage during development of AP in mice, and might be a therapeutic target.
|
|
| 16. |
- Aziz, Q, et al.
(författare)
-
Identification of human brain loci processing esophageal sensation using positron emission tomography
- 1997
-
Ingår i: Gastroenterology. - 0016-5085 .- 1528-0012. ; 113:1, s. 50-59
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND & AIMS:Brain loci that process human esophageal sensation remain unidentified. The aim of this study was to identify the brain loci that process nonpainful and painful human esophageal sensation.METHODS:In 8 healthy subjects (7 men; age range, 24-47 years), distal esophageal stimulation was performed by repeatedly inflating a balloon at volumes that produced either no sensation, definite sensation, or pain. Two positron emission tomography scans were performed for each sensation using H2(15)O. Magnetic resonance brain scans were also performed in each subject, and the positron emission tomography data were coregistered with magnetic resonance scans. Analysis of covariance-corrected t images showing the contrasts definite sensation-baseline, pain-baseline, and pain-definite sensation were created.RESULTS:Nonpainful stimulation elicited bilateral activations along the central sulcus, insular cortex, and frontal/parietal operculum (P < 0.01). Painful stimulation produced more intense activations of the same areas and additional activation of the right anterior insular cortex and the anterior cingulate gyrus. Multiple areas of decreased activation were also observed; prominent among these was the right prefrontal cortex, which was inhibited during both nonpainful and painful stimulation.CONCLUSIONS:Esophageal sensation activates bilaterally the insula, primary somatosensory cortex, and operculum. The right anterior insular cortex and anterior cingulate gyrus process esophageal pain.
|
|
| 17. |
- Azzimato, V, et al.
(författare)
-
Correction
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Gastroenterology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1528-0012 .- 0016-5085. ; 163:4, s. 1133-1133
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 18. |
|
|
| 19. |
|
|
| 20. |
- Bacq, Yannick, et al.
(författare)
-
Efficacy of Ursodeoxycholic Acid in Treating Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy: A Meta-analysis.
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Gastroenterology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1528-0012 .- 0016-5085. ; 143:6, s. 1492-1501
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND & AIMS: We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) on pruritus, liver test results, and outcomes of babies born to women with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP). METHODS: We performed a systematic review of 9 published, randomized controlled trials (3 double blinded) that compared the effects of UDCA to other drugs, placebo, or no specific treatment (controls) in patients with ICP. We analyzed data from 454 patients: 207 received only UDCA, 70 received only placebo, 42 received cholestyramine, 36 received dexamethasone for 1 week and then placebo for 2 weeks, 65 received S-adenosyl-methionine, and 34 received no specific treatment. To achieve consistency among end points, a standard questionnaire was sent to all corresponding authors. For each end point, we performed pooled analysis that compared the effects of UDCA with those of all controls and UDCA with those of placebos. RESULTS: In pooled analyses that compared UDCA with all controls, UDCA was associated with total resolution of pruritus (odds ratio [OR], 0.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.07-0.74; P < .01), reduced pruritis (OR, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.13-0.55; P < .0001), normalization of serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (OR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.10-0.50; P < .001), decreased serum level of ALT (OR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.11-0.52; P < .0001), reduced serum levels of bile acids (OR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.19-0.75; P < .001), fewer premature births (OR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.24-0.79; P < .01), reduced fetal distress (OR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.25-0.86; P < .01), less frequent respiratory distress syndrome (OR, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.12-0.74; P < .01), and fewer neonates in the intensive care unit (OR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.25-0.98; P = .046). In pooled analyses that compared the effects of UDCA with placebo, UDCA reduced pruritus (OR, 0.21; 95% CI, 0.07-0.62; P < .01), normalized (OR, 0.18; 95% CI, 0.06-0.52; P < .001) or decreased serum levels of ALT (OR, 0.12; 95% CI, 0.05-0.31; P < .0001), and reduced serum levels of bile acids (OR, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.12-0.73; P < .01). CONCLUSIONS: Based on a meta-analysis, UDCA is effective in reducing pruritus and improving liver test results in patients with ICP; UDCA therapy might also benefit fetal outcomes.
|
|
| 21. |
- Baldaque-Silva, Francisco, et al.
(författare)
-
A Nerve-Wracking Cyst
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Gastroenterology. - : Elsevier. - 0016-5085 .- 1528-0012. ; 161:5, s. e12-e13
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 22. |
|
|
| 23. |
|
|
| 24. |
- Basmarke-Wehelie, Rahma, et al.
(författare)
-
The complement regulator CD46 is bactericidal to Helicobacter pylori and blocks urease activity
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Gastroenterology. - Baltimore : Elsevier BV. - 0016-5085 .- 1528-0012. ; 141:3, s. 918-928
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND & AIMS: CD46 is a C3b/C4b binding complement regulator and a receptor for several human pathogens. We examined the interaction between CD46 and Helicobacter pylori (a bacterium that colonizes the human gastric mucosa and causes gastritis), peptic ulcers, and cancer.METHODS: Using gastric epithelial cells, we analyzed a set of H pylori strains and mutants for their ability to interact with CD46 and/or influence CD46 expression. Bacterial interaction with full-length CD46 and small CD46 peptides was evaluated by flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and bacterial survival analyses.RESULTS: H pylori infection caused shedding of CD46 into the extracellular environment. A soluble form of CD46 bound to H pylori and inhibited growth, in a dose- and time-dependent manner, by interacting with urease and alkyl hydroperoxide reductase, which are essential bacterial pathogenicity-associated factors. Binding of CD46 or CD46-derived synthetic peptides blocked the urease activity and ability of bacteria to survive in acidic environments. Oral administration of one CD46 peptide eradicated H pylori from infected mice.CONCLUSIONS: CD46 is an antimicrobial agent that can eradicate H pylori. CD46 peptides might be developed to treat H pylori infection.
|
|
| 25. |
- Bednarska, Olga, et al.
(författare)
-
Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide and Mast Cells Regulate Increased Passage of Colonic Bacteria in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Gastroenterology. - : W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC. - 0016-5085 .- 1528-0012. ; 153:4, s. 948-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND amp; AIMS: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is associated with intestinal dysbiosis and symptoms of IBS develop following gastroenteritis. We aimed to study the passage of live bacteria through the colonic epithelium, and determine the role of mast cells (MCs) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) in barrier regulation in IBS and healthy individuals. METHODS: Colon biopsies from 32 women with IBS and 15 age-matched healthy women (controls) were mounted in Ussing chambers; we measured numbers of fluorescently labeled Escherichia coli HS and Salmonella typhimurium that passed through from the mucosal side to the serosal side of the tissue. Some biopsies were exposed to agents that block the VIP receptors (VPAC1 and VPAC2) or MCs. Levels of VIP and tryptase were measured in plasma and biopsy lysates. Number of MCs and MCs that express VIP or VIP receptors were quantified by immunofluorescence. Biopsies from an additional 5 patients with IBS and 4 controls were mounted in chambers and Salmonella were added; we studied passage routes through the epithelium by transmission electron microscopy and expression of tight junctions by confocal microscopy. RESULTS: In colon biopsies from patients with IBS, larger numbers of E coli HS and S typhimurium passed through the epithelium than in biopsies from controls (P amp;lt;.0005). In transmission electron microscopy analyses, bacteria were found to cross the epithelium via only the transcellular route. Bacterial passage was reduced in biopsies from patients with IBS and controls after addition of antibodies against VPACs or ketotifen, which inhibits MCs. Plasma samples from patients with IBS had higher levels of VIP than plasma samples from controls. Biopsies from patients with IBS had higher levels of tryptase, larger numbers of MCs, and a higher percentage of MCs that express VPAC1 than biopsies from controls. In biopsies from patients with IBS, addition of Salmonella significantly reduced levels of occludin; subsequent addition of ketotifen significantly reversed this effect. CONCLUSIONS: We found that colonic epithelium tissues from patients with IBS have increased translocation of commensal and pathogenic live bacteria compared with controls. The mechanisms of increased translocation include MCs and VIP.
|
|
