| 1. |
- A. Mouris, Boules, et al.
(författare)
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Multi-tone Signal Optimization for Wireless Power Transfer in the Presence of Wireless Communication Links
- 2020
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1536-1276 .- 1558-2248. ; 19:5, s. 3575-3590
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we study optimization of multi-tone signals for wireless power transfer (WPT) systems. We investigate different non-linear energy harvesting models. Two of them are adopted to optimize the multi-tone signal according to the channel state information available at the transmitter. We show that a second-order polynomial curve-fitting model can be utilized to optimize the multi-tone signal for any RF energy harvester design. We consider both single-antenna and multi-antenna WPT systems. In-band co-existing communication links are also considered in this work by imposing a constraint on the received power at the nearby information receiver to prevent its RF front end from saturation. We emphasize the importance of imposing such constraint by explaining how inter-modulation products, due to saturation, can cause high interference at the information receiver in the case of multi-tone signals. The multi-tone optimization problem is formulated as a non-convex linearly constrained quadratic program. Two globally optimal solution approaches using mixed-integer linear programming and finite branch-and-bound techniques are proposed to solve the problem. The achieved improvement resulting from applying both solution methods to the multi-tone optimization problem is highlighted through simulations and comparisons with other solutions existing in the literature.
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| 2. |
- Abu-Shaban, Z., et al.
(författare)
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Error Bounds for Uplink and Downlink 3D Localization in 5G Millimeter Wave Systems
- 2018
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications. - 1558-2248 .- 1536-1276. ; 17:8, s. 4939-4954
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Location-aware communication systems are expected to play a pivotal part in the next generation of mobile communication networks. Therefore, there is a need to understand the localization limits in these networks, particularly, using millimeter-wave technology (mm-wave). Towards that, we address the uplink and downlink localization limits in terms of 3D position and orientation error bounds for mm-wave multipath channels. We also carry out a detailed analysis of the dependence of the bounds on different system parameters. Our key findings indicate that the uplink and downlink behave differently in two distinct ways. First of all, the error bounds have different scaling factors with respect to the number of antennas in the uplink and downlink. Secondly, uplink localization is sensitive to the orientation angle of the user equipment (UE), whereas downlink is not. Moreover, in the considered outdoor scenarios, the non-line-of-sight paths generally improve localization when a line-of-sight path exists. Finally, our numerical results show that mm-wave systems are capable of localizing a UE with sub-meter position error, and sub-degree orientation error.
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| 3. |
- Alabbasi, Abdulrahman, et al.
(författare)
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Optimal Cross-Layer Design for Energy Efficient D2D Sharing Systems
- 2017
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications. - : IEEE Press. - 1536-1276 .- 1558-2248. ; 16:2, s. 839-855
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we propose a cross-layer design, which optimizes the energy efficiency of a potential future 5G spectrum-sharing environment, in two sharing scenarios. In the first scenario, underlying sharing is considered. We propose and minimize a modified energy per good bit (MEPG) metric, with respect to the spectrum sharing user's transmission power and media access frame length. The cellular users, legacy users, are protected by an outage probability constraint. To optimize the non-convex targeted problem, we utilize the generalized convexity theory and verify the problem's strictly pseudoconvex structure. We also derive analytical expressions of the optimal resources. In the second scenario, we minimize a generalized MEPG function while considering a probabilistic activity of cellular users and its impact on the MEPG performance of the spectrum sharing users. Finally, we derive the associated optimal resource allocation of this problem. Selected numerical results show the improvement of the proposed system compared with other systems.
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| 4. |
- Almers, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Keyhole effect in MIMO wireless Channels - Measurements and Theory
- 2006
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications. - 1536-1276. ; 5:12, s. 3596-3604
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has been predicted theoretically that for some environments, the capacity of wireless multiple-input multiple-output systems can become very low even for uncorrelated signals; this effect has been termed "keyhole" or "pinhole". In this paper the first unique measurements of this effect are presented. The measurements were performed in a controlled indoor environment that was designed to obtain a keyhole channel. We analyze limitations due to measurement imperfections for measurement-based capacity calculations and keyhole investigations. We further present a bound for the higher eigenmodes as a function of the finite measurement signal-to-noise ratio and multipath component leakage. The bound is compared to the measurement results and shows excellent agreement. Finally, we analyze the envelope distribution and, as expected from theory, it follows a double-Rayleigh distribution
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| 5. |
- Alodeh, M., et al.
(författare)
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Energy-Efficient Symbol-Level Precoding in Multiuser MISO Based on Relaxed Detection Region
- 2016
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications. - 1536-1276 .- 1558-2248. ; 15:5, s. 3755-3767
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper addresses the problem of exploiting interference among simultaneous multiuser transmissions in the downlink of multiple-antenna systems. Using symbol-level precoding, a new approach toward addressing the multiuser interference is discussed through jointly utilizing the channel state information (CSI) and data information (DI). The interference among the data streams is transformed under certain conditions to a useful signal that can improve the signal-to-interference noise ratio (SINR) of the downlink transmissions and as a result the system's energy efficiency. In this context, new constructive interference precoding techniques that tackle the transmit power minimization (min power) with individual SINR constraints at each user's receiver have been proposed. In this paper, we generalize the constructive interference (CI) precoding design under the assumption that the received MPSK symbol can reside in a relaxed region in order to be correctly detected. Moreover, a weighted maximization of the minimum SNR among all users is studied taking into account the relaxed detection region. Symbol error rate analysis (SER) for the proposed precoding is discussed to characterize the tradeoff between transmit power reduction and SER increase due to the relaxation. Based on this tradeoff, the energy efficiency performance of the proposed technique is analyzed. Finally, extensive numerical results show that the proposed schemes outperform other state-of-the-art techniques.
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| 6. |
- Alodeh, M., et al.
(författare)
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Symbol-Level Multiuser MISO Precoding for Multi-Level Adaptive Modulation
- 2017
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications. - 1536-1276 .- 1558-2248. ; 16:8, s. 5511-5524
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Symbol-level precoding is a new paradigm for multiuser multiple-antenna downlink systems aimed at creating constructive interference among transmitted data streams. This can be enabled by designing the precoded signal of the multiantenna transmitter on a symbol level, taking into account both channel state information and data symbols. Previous literature has studied this paradigm for Mary phase shift keying modulations by addressing various performance metrics, such as power minimization and maximization of the minimum rate. In this paper, we extend this to generic multi-level modulations, i.e., Mary quadrature amplitude modulation by establishing connection to PHY layer multicasting with phase constraints. Furthermore, we address the adaptive modulation schemes which are crucial in enabling the throughput scaling of symbol-level precoded systems. In this direction, we design the signal processing algorithms for minimizing the required power under per-user signal to interference noise ratio or goodput constraints. Extensive numerical results show that the proposed algorithm provides considerable power and energy efficiency gains, while adapting the employed modulation scheme to match the requested data rate.
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| 7. |
- Amarasuriya, Gayan, et al.
(författare)
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Wireless Information and Power Transfer in Multiway Massive MIMO Relay Networks
- 2016
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications. - : IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC. - 1536-1276 .- 1558-2248. ; 15:6, s. 3837-3855
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Simultaneous wireless information and power transfer techniques for multiway massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) relay networks are investigated. By using two practically viable relay receiver designs, namely 1) the power splitting receiver and 2) the time switching receiver, asymptotic signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) expressions are derived for an unlimited number of antennas at the relay. These asymptotic SINRs are then used to derive asymptotic symmetric sum rate expressions in closed form. Notably, these asymptotic SINRs and sum rates become independent of radio frequency-to-direct current (RF-to-DC) conversion efficiency in the limit of infinitely many relay antennas. Moreover, tight average sum rate approximations are derived in closed form for finitely many relay antennas. The fundamental tradeoff between the harvested energy and the sum rate is quantified for both relay receiver structures. Notably, the detrimental impact of imperfect channel state information (CSI) on the MIMO detector/precoder is investigated, and thereby, the performance degradation caused by pilot contamination, which is the residual interference due to nonorthogonal pilot sequence usage in adjacent/cochannel systems, is quantified. The presence of cochannel interference (CCI) can be exploited to be beneficial for energy harvesting at the relay, and consequently, the asymptotic harvested energy is an increasing function of the number of cochannel interferers. Notably, in the genie-aided perfect CSI case, the detrimental impact of CCI for signal decoding can be cancelled completely whenever the number of relay antennas grows without bound. Nevertheless, the pilot contamination severely degrades the sum rate performance even for infinitely many relay antennas.
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| 8. |
- Antonioli, Roberto Pinto, et al.
(författare)
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On the Energy Efficiency of Cell-Free Systems With Limited Fronthauls : Is Coherent Transmission Always the Best Alternative?
- 2022
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1536-1276 .- 1558-2248. ; 21:10, s. 8729-8743
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Existing works concluded that coherent transmission outperforms non-coherent transmission in the downlink of cell-free systems when the fronthaul links have unlimited capacity. Since the capacity of the fronthaul links of cell-free networks is typically limited, in this paper we ask the question whether this conclusion holds under more realistic assumptions on the fronthaul capacity. To answer this question, we study and compare the performance of these transmission strategies by formulating novel energy efficiency (EE) maximization problems for both strategies, where we explicitly consider realistic fronthaul capacity and power consumption constraints. Despite the non-convexity of these problems, we derive closed-form equations to find suboptimal solutions of both problems using a unified framework that combines successive convex approximation and the Dinkelbach algorithm. Numerical results show that the performance of coherent transmission is severely impacted by limited fronthaul capacities, power consumption on the fronthaul links, user-centric cluster size and the number of antennas at the access points, such that in many cases non-coherent transmission achieves higher EE than coherent transmission. Based on these results, we provide deployment guidelines on when to use coherent or non-coherent transmission to maximize the EE of cell-free systems with limited fronthauls.
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| 9. |
- Arnau, J., et al.
(författare)
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Performance of the multibeam satellite return link with correlated rain attenuation
- 2014
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications. - : IEEE Press. - 1536-1276 .- 1558-2248. ; 13:11, s. 6286-6299
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rain attenuation is among the major impairments for satellite systems operating in the K-band and above. In this paper, we investigate the impact of spatially correlated rain attenuation on the performance of a multibeam satellite return link. For a comprehensive assessment, an analytical model for the antenna pattern that generates the beams is also proposed. We focus on the outage capacity of the link and obtain analytical approximations at high and low signal-to-noise ratio. The derived approximations provide insights into the effect of key system parameters such as the interuser distance, the satellite beam radius, or the rain intensity, and simulation results show that it fits tightly with the Monte Carlo results. Additionally, the derived expressions can be easily particularized for the single-user case, providing some novel insights.
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| 10. |
- Asplund, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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The COST 259 Directional Channel Model-Part II : Macrocells
- 2006
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications. - 1536-1276 .- 1558-2248. ; 5:12, s. 3434-3450
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes the attributes of the COST 259 directional channel model that are applicable for use in the design and implementation of macrocellular mobile and portable radio systems and associated technology. Special care has been taken to model all propagation mechanisms that are currently understood to contribute to the characteristics of practical macrocellular channels and confirm that large scale, small scale, anddirectional characteristics of implemented models are realistic through their comparison with available measured data. The model that is described makes full use of previously published work, as well as incorporating some new results. It is considered that its implementation should contribute to a tool that can be used for simulations and comparison of different aspects of a large variety of wireless communication systems, including those that exploit the spatial aspects of radio channels, as, for example, throughthe use of adaptive antenna systems.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Axell, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Comments on "Multiple Antenna Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radios"
- 2011
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications. - : IEEE. - 1536-1276 .- 1558-2248. ; 10:5, s. 1678-1680
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We point out an error in a derivation in the recent paper [1], and provide a correct and much shorter calculation of the result in question. In passing, we also connect the results in [1] to the literature on array signal processing and on principal component analysis, and show that the main findings of [1] follow as special cases of standard results in these fields.
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| 14. |
- B. da Silva Jr., Jose Mairton, 1990-, et al.
(författare)
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Fast-Lipschitz Power Control and User-Frequency Assignment in Full-Duplex Cellular Networks
- 2017
-
Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications. - : IEEE Communications Society. - 1536-1276 .- 1558-2248. ; 16:10, s. 6672-6687
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In cellular networks, the three-node full-duplex transmission mode has the po-tential to increase spectral efficiency without requiring full-duplex capability ofusers. Consequently, three-node full-duplex in cellular networks must deal with self-interference and user-to-user interference, which can be managed by power controland user-frequency assignment techniques. This paper investigates the problem ofmaximizing the sum spectral efficiency by jointly determining the transmit powersin a distributed fashion, and assigning users to frequency channels. The problem is for-mulated as a mixed-integer nonlinear problem, which is shown to be non-deterministicpolynomial-time hard. We investigate a close-to-optimal solution approach by dividingthe joint problem into a power control problem and an assignment problem. The powercontrol problem is solved by Fast-Lipschitz optimization, while a greedy solution withguaranteed performance is developed for the assignment problem. Numerical resultsindicate that compared with the half-duplex mode, both spectral and energy efficienciesof the system are increased by the proposed algorithm. Moreover, results show that thepower control and assignment solutions have important, but opposite roles in scenarioswith low or high self-interference cancellation. When the self-interference cancellationis high, user-frequency assignment is more important than power control, while powercontrol is essential at low self-interference cancellation.
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| 15. |
- B. da Silva Jr., Jose Mairton, 1990-, et al.
(författare)
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Spectral Efficient and Fair User Pairing for Full-Duplex Communication in Cellular Networks
- 2016
-
Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications. - : IEEE Press. - 1536-1276 .- 1558-2248. ; 15:11, s. 7578-7593
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- —A promising new transmission mode in cellular networks is the three-node full-duplex mode, which involves a base station with full-duplex capability and two half-duplex user transmissions on the same frequency channel for uplink and downlink. The three-node full-duplex mode can increase spectral efficiency, especially in the low transmit power regime, without requiring full-duplex capability at user devices. However, when a large set of users is scheduled in this mode, self-interference at the base station and user-to-user interference can substantially hinder the potential gains of full-duplex communications. This paper investigates the problem of grouping users to pairs and assigning frequency channels to each pair in a spectral efficient and fair manner. Specifically, the joint problem of user uplink/downlink frequency channel pairing and power allocation is formulated as a mixed integer nonlinear problem that is solved by a novel joint fairness assignment maximization algorithm. Realistic system level simulations indicate that the spectral efficiency of the users having the lowest spectral efficiency is increased by the proposed algorithm, while a high ratio of connected users in different loads and self-interference levels is maintained.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Barros da Silva Jr., José Mairton, Dr. 1990-, et al.
(författare)
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1-bit Phase Shifters for Large-Antenna Full-Duplex mmWave Communications
- 2020
-
Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications. - : IEEE. - 1536-1276 .- 1558-2248. ; 19:10, s. 6916-6931
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Millimeter-wave using large-antenna arrays is a key technological component forthe future cellular systems, where it is expected that hybrid beamforming along withquantized phase shifters will be used due to their implementation and cost efficiency.In this paper, we investigate the efficacy of full-duplex mmWave communicationwith hybrid beamforming using low-resolution phase shifters, without any analogself-interference cancellation. We formulate the problem of joint self-interferencesuppression and downlink beamforming as a mixed-integer nonconvex joint opti-mization problem. We propose LowRes, a near-to-optimal solution using penaltydual decomposition. Numerical results indicate that LowRes using low-resolutionphase shifters perform within 3% of the optimal solution that uses infinite phaseshifter resolution. Moreover, even a single quantization bit outperforms half-duplextransmissions, respectively by 29% and 10% for both low and high residual self-interference scenarios, and for a wide range of practical antenna to radio-chain ratios.Thus, we conclude that 1-bit phase shifters suffice for full-duplex millimeter-wavecommunications, without requiring any additional new analog hardware.
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| 20. |
- Basharat, Sarah, et al.
(författare)
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On the Statistical Channel Distribution and Effective Capacity Analysis of STAR-RIS-Assisted BAC-NOMA Systems
- 2024
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1536-1276 .- 1558-2248. ; 23:5, s. 4675-4690
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While targeting the energy-efficient connectivity of the Internet-of-things (IoT) devices in the sixth-generation (6G) networks, in this paper, we explore the integration of non-orthogonal multiple access-based backscatter communication (BAC-NOMA) and simultaneously transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (STAR-RISs). To this end, first, for the performance evaluation of the STAR-RIS-assisted BAC-NOMA system, we derive the statistical distribution of the channels under Nakagami-m fading. Second, by leveraging the derived statistical channel distributions, we present the effective capacity analysis under the delay quality-of-service (QoS) constraint. In particular, we derive the closed-form expressions for the effective capacity of the reflecting and transmitting backscatter nodes (BSNs) under the energy-splitting protocol of STAR-RIS. To obtain more insight into the performance of the considered system, we provide the asymptotic analysis, and derive the upper bound on the effective capacity, which represents the ergodic capacity. Our simulation results validate the analytical analysis, and reveal the effectiveness of the STAR-RIS-assisted BAC-NOMA system over the conventional RIS (C-RIS)- and orthogonal multiple access (OMA)-based counterparts. Finally, to highlight the trade-off between the effective capacity and energy consumption, we analyze the link-layer energy efficiency. Overall, this paper provides useful guidelines for the performance analysis and design of the STAR-RIS-assisted BAC-NOMA systems.
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| 21. |
- Becirovic, Ema, 1992-, et al.
(författare)
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Combining Reciprocity and CSI Feedback in MIMO Systems
- 2022
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1536-1276 .- 1558-2248. ; 21:11, s. 10065-10080
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reciprocity-based time-division duplex (TDD) Massive MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) systems utilize channel estimates obtained in the uplink to perform precoding in the downlink. However, this method has been criticized of breaking down, in the sense that the channel estimates are not good enough to spatially separate multiple user terminals, at low uplink reference signal signal-to-noise ratios, due to insufficient channel estimation quality. Instead, codebook-based downlink precoding has been advocated for as an alternative solution in order to bypass this problem. We analyze this problem by considering a "grid-of-beams world" with a finite number of possible downlink channel realizations. Assuming that the terminal accurately can detect the downlink channel, we show that in the case where reciprocity holds, carefully designing a mapping between the downlink channel and the uplink reference signals will perform better than both the conventional TDD Massive MIMO and frequency-division duplex (FDD) Massive MIMO approach. We derive elegant metrics for designing this mapping, and further, we propose algorithms that find good sequence mappings.
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| 22. |
- Becirovic, Ema, et al.
(författare)
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Joint Antenna Detection and Bayesian Channel Estimation for Non-Coherent User Terminals
- 2020
-
Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications. - : IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC. - 1536-1276 .- 1558-2248. ; 19:11, s. 7081-7096
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we propose a method of improving the channel estimates for non-coherent multi-antenna terminals, which are terminals that cannot control the relative phase between its antenna ports, with channels that can be considered constant over multiple time slots. The terminals have multiple antennas and are free to choose whichever antenna they want to use in each time slot. An unknown phase shift is introduced in each time slot as we cannot guarantee that the terminals are phase coherent across time slots. We compare three different clustering techniques that we use to detect the active antenna. We also compare a set of different statistical and heuristic estimators for the channels and the phase shifts. We evaluate the methods by using correlated Rayleigh fading and three different bounds on the uplink capacity. The accuracy of the capacity bounds are verified with bit-error-rate simulations. With our proposed methods we can have an SNR improvement of approximately 2 dB at 1 bit/s/Hz.
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| 23. |
- Behdad, Zinat, PhD Student, 1991-, et al.
(författare)
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Multi-Static Target Detection and Power Allocation for Integrated Sensing and Communication in Cell-Free Massive MIMO
- 2024
-
Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1536-1276 .- 1558-2248.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper studies an integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) system within a centralized cell-free massive MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) network for target detection. ISAC transmit access points serve the user equipments in the downlink and optionally steer a beam toward the target in a multi-static sensing framework. A maximum a posteriori ratio test detector is developed for target detection in the presence of clutter, so-called target-free signals. Additionally, sensing spectral efficiency (SE) is introduced as a key metric, capturing the impact of resource utilization in ISAC. A power allocation algorithm is proposed to maximize the sensing signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio while ensuring minimum communication requirements. Two ISAC configurations are studied: utilizing existing communication beams for sensing and using additional sensing beams. The proposed algorithm’s efficiency is investigated in realistic and idealistic scenarios, corresponding to the presence and absence of the target-free channels, respectively. Despite performance degradation in the presence of target-free channels, the proposed algorithm outperforms the interference-unaware benchmark, leveraging clutter statistics. Comparisons with a fully communication-centric algorithm reveal superior performance in both cluttered and clutter-free environments. The incorporation of an extra sensing beam enhances detection performance for lower radar cross-section variances. Moreover, the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the integrated operation of sensing and communication compared to an orthogonal resource-sharing approach.
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| 24. |
- Behravan, Ali, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Tone reservation to reduce the envelope fluctuations of multicarrier signals
- 2009
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications. - 1558-2248 .- 1536-1276. ; 8:5, s. 2417-2423
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract—In this paper we propose a method for reducing nonlinearity distortion by limiting the envelope fluctuations of an OFDM signal. The method is based on tone reservation, and the free tones are assigned in a way to limit the variations of the instantaneous power of the time domain signal. The problem is shown to be convex, and by adding an equality constraint, zero constellation error is guaranteed. We present an iterative solution for this problem, and show that the globally optimal point can be approached by only a few iterations. Both in-band and out-of-band distortions are reduced at the expense of a small increase in bandwidth of the signal. The corrected signal is less sensitive to nonlinearities, and therefore the distortion is reduced for all input backoff values.
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| 25. |
- Berggren, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Asymptotically Fair Transmission Scheduling over Fading Channels
- 2004
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications. - : IEEE. - 1536-1276 .- 1558-2248. ; 3:1, s. 326-336
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work, the problem of scheduling delay insensitive data over a DS-CDMA downlink fading channel is considered. We consider the case where only one user at a time is allowed to transmit. As the channels can be considered to vary asynchronously among the users, multiuser diversity gains can be obtained by exploiting channel adaptive scheduling. For this, schedulers of different adaptation rate are suggested and compared. In particular we analyze a simple fast scheduler that schedules a user to transmit when its channel is good relative to its mean. This scheduler is resource fair in the sense it can provide the users with the same asymptotical channel access. We show that the achievable scheduling gain compared to round robin is equal to the gain of a selection diversity scheme. The scheduling gain is determined, both on closed-form and by numerical integration, for several scenarios, including multicellular systems and the effect of time delayed channel estimates. The results show that the scheduling gain is larger for channels with low average quality.
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