| 1. |
- Andrée Löfholm, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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The Swedish Implementation of Multisystemic Therapy for Adolescents: Does Treatment Experience Predict Treatment Adherence?
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1537-4424 .- 1537-4416. ; 43:4, s. 643-655
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Treatment effects may not be observed if an empirically supported intervention is not administered with treatment adherence. This retrospective study investigated how therapists' adherence to Multisystemic therapy (MST) varied during a 6-year period in Sweden. Adherence was measured using the Therapist Adherence Measure, which was provided by caregivers. The associations between treatment adherence and therapist-reported posttreatment youth outcomes were also assessed. Retrospective adherence data were obtained for 973 families with youths between 12 and 17 years old who received MST from 68 therapists divided into 10 teams. Implementation of MST occurred in 2 waves between March 2003 and August 2009. Multilevel structural equation modelling was used to evaluate family-and cohort-level predictors and outcomes of treatment adherence. The results confirm previous research: Treatment adherence predicts MST treatment outcomes. With respect to the relationship between MST treatment experience and MST treatment adherence, the analysis showed mixed results. An increase in years that a team had been active predicted an increase in therapist adherence to MST. Therapists from the 2nd implementation wave had higher therapist adherence rates than therapists from the 1st implementation wave. Nevertheless, a therapists' experience with MST did not predict MST treatment adherence. The results suggest that the found links among treatment experience, treatment adherence, and treatment outcomes provide support for the hypothesis that the collective experience of the team members promotes treatment adherence. However, results are mixed and further research is needed.
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| 2. |
- Cederlund, Rio, et al.
(författare)
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Perception of Threat in Children With Social Phobia : Comparison to Nonsocially Anxious Children Before and After Treatment
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of clinical child and adolescent psychology (Print). - : Informa UK Limited. - 1537-4416 .- 1537-4424. ; 40:6, s. 855-863
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study investigated interpretation bias and reduced evidence for danger (RED) bias in 49 children with social phobia and 49 nonsocially anxious children between the ages of 8 and 14 years, using an ambiguous stories task. A posttreatment and follow-up measure was included for 26 of the socially phobic children to examine whether there would be a change in interpretation and RED bias after a 12-week behavior therapy program. Ambiguous scenarios were presented sentence by sentence. Participants gave interpretations and fear ratings after each sentence, and they rated negative emotions after each complete scenario. Compared to the nonsocially anxious children, children with social phobia displayed both a RED bias and an interpretation bias. After the treatment program, the children with social phobia displayed a reduced tendency to make biased interpretations, but there were no significant posttreatment changes in the RED bias. At 1 year follow-up there was a significant reduction in both interpretation and RED bias and clinical children no longer differed from nonsocially anxious controls.
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| 3. |
- Fjermestad, Krister W., et al.
(författare)
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Factor Structure and Validity of the Therapy Process Observational Coding System for Child Psychotherapy-Alliance Scale
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of clinical child and adolescent psychology (Print). - : Informa UK Limited. - 1537-4416 .- 1537-4424. ; 41:2, s. 246-254
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to examine the factor structure and psychometric properties of an observer-rated youth alliance measure, the Therapy Process Observational Coding System for Child Psychotherapy-Alliance scale (TPOCS-A). The sample was 52 youth diagnosed with anxiety disorders (M age = 12.43, SD = 2.23, range = 8-15; 56% boys; 98% Caucasian) drawn from a randomized controlled trial. Participants received a manualized individual cognitive behavioral treatment, the FRIENDS for life program, in public community clinics in Norway. Diagnostic status, treatment motivation, and perceived treatment credibility were assessed at pretreatment. Using the TPOCS-A, independent observers rated child-therapist alliance from the third therapy session. Child-and therapist-reported alliance measures were collected from the same session. An exploratory factor analysis supported a one-factor solution, which is consistent with previous studies of self-and observer-rated youth alliance scales. Psychometric analyses supported the interrater reliability, internal consistency, and convergent/divergent validity of the TPOCS-A. Accumulating psychometric evidence indicate that the TPOCS-A has the potential to fill a measurement gap in the youth psychotherapy field. In youth psychotherapy, alliance may be unidimensional, so establishing a strong bond and engaging the child in therapeutic activities may both be instrumental to establishing good alliance early in treatment. However, it is important to be cautious when interpreting the factor analytic findings, because the sample size may have been too small to identify additional factors. Future research can build upon these findings by examining the factor structure of youth alliance measures with larger, more diverse samples.
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| 4. |
- Fjermestad, Krister W., et al.
(författare)
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Therapist Alliance-Building Behaviors, Alliance, and Outcomes in Cognitive Behavioral Treatment for Youth Anxiety Disorders
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of clinical child and adolescent psychology (Print). - : Informa UK Limited. - 1537-4416 .- 1537-4424. ; 50:2, s. 229-242
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The alliance influences outcomes in CBT for youth anxiety disorders. Thus, knowledge about how therapists can enhance the alliance is needed.Method: Seventy-three youth with anxiety diagnoses (M age = 11.5 years, SD = 2.2; range 8 to 15 years; 47.9% boys; 90.4% white-European) participated in 10-session cognitive behavioral therapy in community clinics. Therapist alliance-building behaviors in session 2 was reliably coded with the observer-rated Adolescent Alliance-Building Behavior Scale (Revised) (AABS(R)). Alliance was measured as youth- and therapist-rated alliance, and youth-therapist alliance discrepancy in session 3. Outcomes were diagnostic recovery and anxiety symptom reduction at post-treatment and one-year follow-up, and treatment dropout. We examined the direct effects of alliance-building on alliance, alliance on outcomes, and alliance-building on outcomes in multilevel mediation models, and between- versus within-therapist variance across these effects.Results: The alliance-building behaviors collaborate, present treatment model, and explore motivation positively predicted alliance, whereas actively structuring the session (i.e., dominating) negatively predicted alliance. The alliance-building behaviors attend to experience, collaborate, explore motivation, praise, and support positively predicted outcomes. The alliance-building behaviors present treatment model, express positive expectations, explore cognitions, and support negatively predicted outcomes. The effect of collaborate on symptom reduction was mediated by youth-therapist alliance discrepancy. There was almost zero between-therapist variance in alliance-building, and considerable within-therapist variance.Conclusion: Therapist alliance-building behaviors were directly (positively and negatively) associated with alliance and/or outcomes, with only one effect mediated by alliance. Alliance-building behaviors varied far more within therapists (i.e., across clients) than between therapists.
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| 5. |
- Hiatt, Cody, et al.
(författare)
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Best friend influence over adolescent problem behaviors : Socialized by the satisfied
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of clinical child and adolescent psychology (Print). - : Routledge. - 1537-4416 .- 1537-4424. ; 46:5, s. 695-708
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study was designed to examine best friend influence over alcohol intoxication and truancy as a function of relative perceptions of friendship satisfaction. The participants were 700 adolescents (306 boys, 394 girls) who were involved in same-sex best friendships that were stable from one academic year to the next. Participants completed self-report measures of alcohol intoxication frequency and truancy at 1-year intervals. Each member of each friendship dyad also rated his or her satisfaction with the relationship. At the outset, participants were in secondary school (approximately 13-14 years old) or high school (approximately 16-17 years old). More satisfied friends had greater influence than less satisfied friends over changes in intoxication frequency and truancy. Problem behaviors of less satisfied friends increased over time if the more satisfied friend reported relatively higher, but not relatively lower, initial levels of drinking or truancy. The results support the hypothesis that adolescent friends are not similarly influential. The power to socialize, for better and for worse, rests with the partner who has a more positive perception of the relationship.
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| 6. |
- Ivanova, M.Y, et al.
(författare)
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Testing Syndromes of Psychopathology in Parent and Youth Ratings Across Societies
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of clinical child and adolescent psychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1537-4416 .- 1537-4424. ; 48:4, s. 596-609
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As societies become increasingly diverse, mental health professionals need instruments for assessing emotional, behavioral, and social problems in terms of constructs that are supported within and across societies. Building on decades of research findings, multisample alignment confirmatory factor analyses tested an empirically based 8-syndrome model on parent ratings across 30 societies and youth self-ratings across 19 societies. The Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 6–18 and Youth Self-Report for Ages 11–18 were used to measure syndromes descriptively designated as Anxious/ Depressed, Withdrawn/Depressed, Somatic Complaints, Social Problems, Thought Problems, Attention Problems, Rule-Breaking Behavior, and Aggressive Behavior. For both parent ratings (N = 61,703) and self-ratings (N = 29,486), results supported aggregation of problem items into 8 first-order syndromes for all societies (configural invariance), plus the invariance of item loadings (metric invariance) across the majority of societies. Supported across many societies in both parent and self-ratings, the 8 syndromes offer a parsimonious phenotypic taxonomy with clearly operatio- nalized assessment criteria. Mental health professionals in many societies can use the 8 syndromes to assess children and youths for clinical, training, and scientific purposes.
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| 7. |
- Lansford, Jennifer E, et al.
(författare)
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Corporal Punishment, Maternal Warmth, and Child Adjustment : A Longitudinal Study in Eight Countries
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of clinical child and adolescent psychology (Print). - : Informa UK Limited. - 1537-4416 .- 1537-4424. ; 43:4, s. 670-685
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two key tasks facing parents across cultures are managing children’s behaviors (and misbehaviors) and conveying love and affection. Previous research has found that corporal punishment generally is related to worse child adjustment, whereas parental warmth is related to better child adjustment. This study examined whether the association between corporal punishment and child adjustment problems (anxiety and aggression) is moderated by maternal warmth in a diverse set of countries that vary in a number of sociodemographic and psychological ways. Interviews were conducted with 7- to 10-year-old children (N = 1,196; 51% girls) and their mothers in 8 countries: China, Colombia, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, the Philippines, Thailand, and the United States. Follow-up interviews were conducted 1 and 2 years later. Corporal punishment was related to increases, and maternal warmth was related to decreases, in children’s anxiety and aggression over time; however, these associations varied somewhat across groups. Maternal warmth moderated the effect of corporal punishment in some countries, with increases in anxiety over time for children whose mothers were high in both warmth and corporal punishment. The findings illustrate the overall association between corporal punishment and child anxiety and aggression as well as patterns specific to particular countries. Results suggest that clinicians across countries should advise parents against using corporal punishment, even in the context of parent-child relationships that are otherwise warm, and should assist parents in finding other ways to manage children’s behaviors. © 2014 Copyright Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
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| 8. |
- Sundell, K., et al.
(författare)
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Novel Programs, International Adoptions, or Contextual Adaptations? : Meta-Analytical Results From German and Swedish Intervention Research
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of clinical child and adolescent psychology (Print). - : Routledge. - 1537-4416 .- 1537-4424. ; 45:6, s. 784-796
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One of the major dilemmas in intervention and implementation research is adaptation versus adherence. High fidelity to an intervention protocol is essential for internal validity. At the same time, it has been argued that adaptation is necessary for improving the adoption and use of interventions by, for example, improving the match between an intervention and its cultural context, thus improving external validity. This study explores the origins of intervention programs (i.e., novel programs, programs adopted from other contexts with or without adaptation) in two meta-analytic intervention data sets from two European countries and compares the effect sizes of the outcomes of the interventions evaluated. Results are based on two samples of studies evaluating German child and youth preventative interventions (k = 158), and Swedish evaluations of a variety of psychological and social interventions (k = 139). The studies were categorized as novel programs, international adoption and contextual adaptation, with a total of six subcategories. In the German sample, after statistically controlling for some crucial methodological aspects, novel programs were significantly more effective than adopted programs. In the Swedish sample, a trend was found suggesting that adopted programs were less effective than adapted and novel programs. If these results are generalizable and unbiased, they favor novel and adapted programs over adopted programs with no adaptation and indicate that adoption of transported programs should not be done without considering adaptation.
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| 9. |
- van Zalk, Maarten Herman Walter, et al.
(författare)
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Peer contagion and adolescent depression : the role of failure anticipation
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of clinical child and adolescent psychology (Print). - : Informa UK Limited. - 1537-4416 .- 1537-4424. ; 39:6, s. 837-848
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current study investigated the mechanisms underlying peer contagion of depressive symptoms in adolescence. Five annual measurements of data were gathered from a large (N=842) community-based network of adolescents (M=14.3 years at first measurement). Results showed that, after controlling for selection and deselection of friends on the basis of depressive symptoms, peers' depressive symptoms predicted increases in adolescents' depressive symptoms over time. Failure anticipation mediated effects of peers' depressive symptoms on adolescents' depressive symptoms, particularly for girls. Thus, results suggest that peers' depressive symptoms place adolescents at risk of developing depressive symptoms through increasing in failure anticipation.
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| 10. |
- Berlin, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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Response inhibition, hyperactivity, and conduct problems among preschool children
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of clinical child and adolescent psychology. - 1537-4416. ; 31:2, s. 242-251
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Investigated the relation among response inhibition, hyperactivity, and conduct problems in a nonclinical sample of 115 preschool children, using 2 different types of go/no-go tasks well as a Stroop-like task. In line with the assumption that hyperactivity is related to disinhibition, the results showed that it was the measures of response inhibition, and not other performance measures, that were related to teacher ratings of hyperactivity. There was also a significant relation between response inhibition and conduct problems. Interestingly, the correlation between response inhibition and conduct problems was not significant when partialling out the effect of hyperactivity, whereas the correlation between inhibition and hyperactivity did remain significant when controlling for conduct problems. Although the association between inhibition, hyperactivity, and conduct problems appeared to be partly different for boys and girls, these differences were not statistically significant.
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