| 1. |
- Jonasson, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Low serum ß-carotene reflects immune activation in patients with coronary artery disease
- 2003
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Ingår i: NMCD. Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases. - 0939-4753 .- 1590-3729. ; 13:3, s. 120-125
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Aim: Low serum levels of antioxidant vitamins are associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). An immunomodulatory effect of antioxidants has been proposed. The aim of the study was to investigate whether an increased immune response in CAD patients was associated with suppressed circulating levels of antioxidant vitamins. Methods and Results: Forty-four men with stable angina and angiographically verified CAD were included as well as 69 healthy controls. T cell subsets in peripheral blood were quantified by 3-colour flow cytometry. C-reactive protein (CRP), soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) and the lipophilic antioxidants a-tocopherol, ß-carotene and lycopene were determined in serum. Compared with controls, patients had signs of an enhanced inflammatory activity assessed by significantly increased levels of CRP, sIL-2R and CD4+CD25+T cell subsets. Patients also had significantly lower ß-carotene and lycopene levels whereas a-tocopherol levels did not differ. The increased inflammatory/immune parameters in patients showed a significant inverse relationship to serum ß-carotene but not to lycopene or a-tocopherol. Conclusions: Low serum ß-carotene in CAD patients reflects activation of the immune system. Inflammation should be considered as an important confounding factor when analysing data on ß-carotene and CAD. © 2003, Medikal Press.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Ahrén, Bo
(författare)
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The insulin response to gastric glucose is reduced in PAC1 and GRP receptor gene deleted mice.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases. - : Elsevier BV. - 1590-3729 .- 0939-4753. ; 16 Suppl 1, s. 17-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aims: Islet function is regulated by islet autonomic nerves. These nerves harbour not only the classical neurotransmitters, acetyl choline and noradrenaline, but also neuropeptides. This study examined whether the neuropeptides, pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) and gastrin releasing polypeptide (GRP) contribute to the regulation of insulin secretion in model experiments by using receptor gene deleted mice. Methods: Anaesthetized mice with genetic deletion of one of the PACAP receptors (PAC1 receptors) or one of the GRP receptors (GRP receptor) or their wildtype counterparts were given glucose through a gastric gavage (1150 mg) or intravenously (0.25, 0.50 or 1 g/kg). Blood samples were taken regularly during the following 120 min (after gastric glucose) or at 1 min (after intravenous glucose) for analysis of glucose and insulin. Results: The insulin response to gastric glucose was suppressed by 66% in PAC1 receptor gene deleted mice in association with impaired glucose elimination, whereas the insulin response to intravenous glucose was impaired by 36% only. The insulin response to glucose was suppressed in GRP receptor gene deleted mice by 24% together with impaired glucose elimination, whereas the insulin response to intravenous glucose was not significantly suppressed. Conclusions: The insulin responses to gastric versus intravenous glucose in receptor gene deleted mice show that PACAP, and to a lesser extent GRP, contributes to the insulin response to gastric administration of glucose. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Assman, Gerd, et al.
(författare)
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Implications of emerging risk factors for therapeutic intervention
- 2005
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Ingår i: NMCD. Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases. - : Elsevier BV. - 0939-4753 .- 1590-3729. ; 15:5, s. 373-381
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recently, the National Cholesterol Education Panel (NCEP) of the United States of America commented on the implications of new clinical trials for the Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) guidelines [Grundy SM, Cleeman JI, Merz CN, Brewer Jr HB, Clark LT, Hunninghake DB, et al. Implications of recent clinical trials for the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines. Circulation 2004,110:227-39]. In this commentary, new categories of "moderately high" and "very high" coronary risk were proposed with new "therapeutic options" for low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol of ≤ 100 mg/dL and ≤70 mg/dL respectively. In ATP III, these "moderately high" risk patients had been classified as moderate risk with an LDL treatment goal of ≤130 mg/dL, while the "very high" risk patients had been classified as high risk with a treatment goal of ≤100 mg/dL. Risk classification in the new NCEP publication is based essentially on the combination of the Framingham risk score plus counting of classical risk factors. In the present document, the International Task Force for Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease responds to this NCEP commentary and supports the suggestion of more intensive LDL cholesterol lowering in particular cases. However, the Task Force feels that a classification based on a combination of a risk score plus a count of emerging risk factors is a more logical way to identify such patients requiring lower LDL cholesterol levels than a scheme in which classical risk factors are taken into account twice, once in a count and once in a risk score. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 7. |
- Augustin, L S A, et al.
(författare)
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Glycemic index, glycemic load and glycemic response: An International Scientific Consensus Summit from the International Carbohydrate Quality Consortium (ICQC).
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases. - : Elsevier BV. - 1590-3729 .- 0939-4753. ; 25:9, s. 795-815
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aims: The positive and negative health effects of dietary carbohydrates are of interest to both researchers and consumers. Methods: International experts on carbohydrate research held a scientific summit in Stresa, Italy, in June 2013 to discuss controversies surrounding the utility of the glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL) and glycemic response (GR). Results: The outcome was a scientific consensus statement which recognized the importance of postprandial glycemia in overall health, and the GI as a valid and reproducible method of classifying carbohydrate foods for this purpose. There was consensus that diets low in GI and GL were relevant to the prevention and management of diabetes and coronary heart disease, and probably obesity. Moderate to weak associations were observed for selected cancers. The group affirmed that diets low in GI and GL should always be considered in the context of diets otherwise understood as healthy, complementing additional ways of characterizing carbohydrate foods, such as fiber and whole grain content. Diets of low GI and GL were considered particularly important in individuals with insulin resistance. Conclusions: Given the high prevalence of diabetes and pre-diabetes worldwide and the consistency of the scientific evidence reviewed, the expert panel confirmed an urgent need to communicate information on GI and GL to the general public and health professionals, through channels such as national dietary guidelines, food composition tables and food labels.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Branth, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Development of abdominal fat and incipient metabolic syndrome in young healthy men exposed to long-term stress
- 2007
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Ingår i: NMCD. Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases. - : Elsevier BV. - 0939-4753 .- 1590-3729. ; 17:6, s. 427-435
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND AIM: The sympathetic nervous system may be involved in the pathophysiology of insulin resistance and metabolic cardiovascular syndrome in young men. The aim was to study the effects of long-term stress on different features of the metabolic syndrome (MES) in formerly non-obese healthy young males during 5 months of defined conditions. METHODS AND RESULTS: Sixteen healthy male sailors (mean age 36.5 (SD)+/-7 years) participating in a sailing race around the world were recruited for the study. Investigations were done before the start and at stop overs after finishing laps 1, 2 and 4 (1, 2(1/2) and 5 months, respectively). Anthropometric and blood pressure data as well as biochemical data associated with MES were substantiated. Food intake and exercise were chartered and largely controlled. A mean weight loss of 4.5+/-2 kg (P<0.005), comprising both fat and lean body mass, was recorded during the first lap. Subsequently after 5 months, a weight gain, mainly consisting of 1.2+/-1.1 kg body fat (P<0.05), took place, concomitantly with a protein mass drop of 0.6+/-1.1 kg (P<0.05). The body fat gain accumulated on the abdominal region. Elevated blood levels of HbA1c, insulin and the triglycerides/high-density lipoprotein ratio were also observed during the race. Likewise heart rate and systolic blood pressure increased slightly but to a statistically significant extent. CONCLUSIONS: Non-obese healthy young men exposed to long-term stress developed abdominal obesity and signs of a metabolic syndrome in embryo, also emphasized by biochemical and blood pressure alterations. It is suggested that long-term and sustained stress activation might be an additional risk factor for the development of MES, even after control of dietary and exercise habits.
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| 13. |
- Brohall, Gerhard, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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Association between impaired glucose tolerance and carotid atherosclerosis: A study in 64-year-old women and a meta-analysis.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD. - : Elsevier BV. - 1590-3729 .- 0939-4753. ; 19:5, s. 327-333
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) is regarded as a transient metabolic state leading to type-2 diabetes, and is known to predict future risk of cardiovascular disease. This study was designed to investigate if IGT is associated with subclinical atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS: In a population-based cohort of 64-year-old women, a group with IGT determined by repeated oral glucose tolerance tests (n=205) was compared with healthy women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT, n=188). Intima-media thickness (IMT) and plaques in the common carotid arteries (CCA) and bulbs were measured by ultrasound. The 95% confidence interval (CI) of the difference between the IGT and NGT groups was -0.03 to 0.03mm. There was no difference in carotid bulb IMT or in the occurrence, size, and characteristics of plaques between the IGT and NGT groups. A meta-analysis was used to calculate summary measures of 12 reviewed studies showing a difference of 0.030 (95% CI 0.012-0.048) mm in carotid IMT between IGT and NGT groups. Heterogeneity in IMT differences between studies was shown. CONCLUSIONS: In our population-based cohort of 64-year-old women, IGT was not associated with increased occurrence of subclinical atherosclerosis. However, a meta-analysis of 12 studies, including our current study, showed that IGT was associated with a small increase in the CCA IMT.
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| 14. |
- Caddeo, Andrea, et al.
(författare)
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Molecular analysis of three known and one novel LPL variants in patients with type I hyperlipoproteinemia.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD. - : Elsevier BV. - 1590-3729 .- 0939-4753. ; 28, s. 158-164
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Type I hyperlipoproteinemia, also known as familial chylomicronemia syndrome (FCS), is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by variants in LPL, APOC2, APOA5, LMF1 or GPIHBP1 genes. The aim of this study was to identify novel variants in the LPL gene causing lipoprotein lipase deficiency and to understand the molecular mechanisms.A total of 3 individuals with severe hypertriglyceridemia and recurrent pancreatitis were selected from the Lipid Clinic at Sahlgrenska University Hospital and LPL was sequenced. Invitro experiments were performed in human embryonic kidney 293T/17 (HEK293T/17) cells transiently transfected with wild type or mutant LPL plasmids. Cell lysates and media were used to analyze LPL synthesis and secretion. Media were used to measure LPL activity. Patient 1 was compound heterozygous for three known variants: c.337T>C (W113R), c.644G>A (G215E) and c.1211T>G (M404R); patient 2 was heterozygous for the known variant c.658A>C (S220R) while patient 3 was homozygous for a novel variant in the exon 5 c.679G>T (V227F). All the LPL variants identified were loss-of-function variants and resulted in a substantial reduction in the secretion of LPL protein.We characterized at the molecular level three known and one novel LPL variants causing type I hyperlipoproteinemia showing that all these variants are pathogenic.
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| 15. |
- Carlsson, A. C., et al.
(författare)
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Prediction of cardiovascular disease by abdominal obesity measures is dependent on body weight and sex - Results from two community based cohort studies
- 2014
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Ingår i: NMCD. Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases. - : Elsevier BV. - 0939-4753 .- 1590-3729. ; 24:8, s. 891-899
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To study waist-hip ratio (WHR), waist circumference (WC), sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD), and waist-hip-height ratio (WHHR) as predictors of CVD, in men and women stratified by BMI (cut-off >= 25). Methods and results: A cohort of n = 3741 (53% women) 60-year old individuals without CVD was followed for 11-years (375 CVD cases). To replicate the results, we also assessed another large independent cohort; The Malmo Diet and Cancer study - cardiovascular cohort (MDCC, (n = 5180, 60% women, 602 CVD cases during 16-years). After adjustment for established risk factors in normal-weight women, the hazard ratio (HR) per one standard deviation (SD) were; WHR; 1.91 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.35-2.70), WC; 1.81 (95% CI 1.02-3.20), SAD; 1.25 (95% CI 0.74-2.11), and WHHR; 1.97 (95% CI 1.40-2.78). In men the association with WHR, WHHR and WC were not significant, whereas SAD was the only measure that significantly predicted CVD in men (HR 1.19 (95% CI 1.04-1.35). After adjustments for established risk factors in overweight/obese women, none of the measures were significantly associated with CVD risk. In men, however, all measures were significant predictors; WHR; 1.24 (955 CI 1.04-1.47), WC 1.19 (95% CI 1.00-1.42), SAD 1.21 (95% CI 1.00-1.46), and WHHR; 1.23 (95% CI 1.05-1.44). Only the findings in men with BMI >= 25 were verified in MDCC. Conclusion: In normal weight individuals, WHHR and WHR were the best predictors in women, whereas SAD was the only independent predictor in men. Among overweight/obese individuals all measures failed to predict CVD in women, whereas WHHR was the strongest predictor after adjustments for CVD risk factors in men.
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| 16. |
- Daryani, Achraf, et al.
(författare)
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Antioxidant intake, oxidative stress and inflammation among immigrant women from the Middle East living in Sweden : associations with cardiovascular risk factors
- 2007
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Ingår i: NMCD. Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases. - : Elsevier BV. - 0939-4753 .- 1590-3729. ; 17:10, s. 748-756
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aims: Immigrant women from the Middle East have higher cardiovascular risk compared to native women. Whether low antioxidant intake, oxidative stress or inflammation contributes to risk is unknown. In a cross-sectional study of 157 randomly selected foreign-born women (Iranian and Turkish) and native women living in Sweden, we investigated antioxidant status, oxidative stress (F-2-isoprostanes) and systemic inflammation (plasma high sensitive C-reactive protein; CRP) markers. We also investigated relationships between F2-isoprostanes, CRP and cardiovascular risk factors. Methods and result: Dietary intake was assessed using 24-h dietary recalls repeated four times. Micronutrient intake was not consistently different between groups. Serum a-tocopherol, but not gamma-tocopherot levels, was tower in Turkish vs. Swedish women (P < 0.05). Turkish women had the highest F-2-isoprostane levels (P < 0.05 vs. Iranian women) and CRP levels (P < 0.01 vs. Swedish women and P = 0.05 vs. Iranian women). In immigrants (n = 97), F-2-isoprostanes correlated positively to insulin levels (r = 0.31, P < 0.01), and CRP was correlated to obesity and several cardiovascular risk factors (r-values >0.21, P values <0.05). Conclusion: The rote of antioxidant status is unclear, whereas signs of oxidative stress and inflammation are evident in immigrant women from Middle East, especially Turkish women. Oxidative stress and low-grade inflammation might contribute to the higher cardiovascular risk previously observed in immigrant women. Further larger studies adjusting for more potential confounders are motivated to confirm these results.
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| 17. |
- Delgado-Lista, J., et al.
(författare)
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A gene variation (rs12691) in the CCAT/enhancer binding protein alpha modulates glucose metabolism in metabolic syndrome
- 2013
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Ingår i: NMCD. Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases. - : Elsevier BV. - 0939-4753 .- 1590-3729. ; 23:5, s. 417-423
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aims: CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (CEBPA) is a transcription factor involved in adipogenesis and energy homeostasis. Caloric restriction reduces CEBPA protein expression in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS). A previous report linked rs12691 SNP in CEBPA to altered concentration of fasting triglycerides. Our objective was to assess the effects of rs12691 in glucose metabolism in Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) patients. Methods and results: Glucose metabolism was assessed by static (glucose, insulin, adiponectin, leptin and resistin plasma concentrations) and dynamic (disposition index, insulin sensitivity index, HOMA-IR and acute insulin response to glucose) indices, performed at baseline and after 12 weeks of 4 dietary interventions (high saturated fatty acid (SFA), high monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), low-fat and low-fat-high-n3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)) in 486 subjects with MetS. Carriers of the minor A allele of rs12691 had altered disposition index (p = 0.0003), lower acute insulin response (p = 0.005) and a lower insulin sensitivity index (p = 0.025) indicating a lower insulin sensitivity and a lower insulin secretion, at baseline and at the end of the diets. Furthermore, A allele carriers displayed lower HDL concentration. Conclusion: The presence of the A allele of rs12691 influences glucose metabolism of MetS patients. Clinical Trials Registry number NCT00429195.
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| 18. |
- Fava, Cristiano, et al.
(författare)
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Vanin-1 T26I polymorphism, hypertension and cardiovascular events in two large urban-based prospective studies in Swedes.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases. - : Elsevier BV. - 1590-3729 .- 0939-4753.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Vanin-1 (gene name VNN1) is an enzyme with pantetheinase activity generating the amino-thiol cysteamine which is implicated in the regulation of red-ox status through its effect on glutathione. We tested the hypothesis that the rs2294757 VNN1 T26I polymorphism could affect blood pressure (BP) levels, hypertension prevalence, and risk of incident cardiovascular events. METHODS AND RESULTS: The VNN1 T26I polymorphism was genotyped in 5664 participants of the cardiovascular cohort of the "Malmö Diet and Cancer" (MDC-CVA) study and successively in 17874 participants of the "Malmö Preventive project"(MPP). The incidence of cardiovascular events was monitored for an average of nearly 12 years of follow-up in the MDC-CVA and for 25 years in the MPP. Both before and after adjustment for sex, age and BMI in the MDC-CVA the polymorphism had a mild lowering effect on diastolic BP and hypertension, especially in females. However in MPP no effect on BP phenotypes was detectable. Before and after adjustment for major cardiovascular risk factors, the hazard ratio for incident ischemic stroke and coronary events in the MDC-CVA was not significantly different in carriers of different genotypes. CONCLUSIONS: Our data do not support a major role for the VNN1 T26I variant in determining BP level and incident ischemic events.
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| 19. |
- Fogelstrand, Per, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Retention of atherogenic lipoproteins in the artery wall and its role in atherogenesis.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases: NMCD. - : Elsevier BV. - 1590-3729 .- 0939-4753. ; 22:1, s. 1-7
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this review, we discuss the mechanisms behind the binding of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) to the arterial wall and how this interaction might be targeted to prevent atherosclerosis.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 23. |
- Gerdts, E., et al.
(författare)
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Impact of overweight and obesity on cardiac benefit of antihypertensive treatment
- 2013
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Ingår i: NMCD. Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases. - : Elsevier BV. - 0939-4753 .- 1590-3729. ; 23:2, s. 122-129
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aims: Increased body mass index (BMI) has been associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hypertension. Less is known about the impact of BMI on improvement in left ventricular (LV) structure and function during antihypertensive treatment. Methods and results: Annual BMI, echocardiograms and cardiovascular events were recorded in 875 hypertensive patients with LV hypertrophy during 4.8 years randomized treatment in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension (LIFE) echocardiography substudy. Patients were grouped by baseline BMI into normal (n = 282), overweight (n = 405), obese (n = 150) and severely obese groups (n = 38) (BMI <= 24.9, 25.0-29.9, 30.0-34.9, and >= 35.0 kg/m(2), respectively). At study end, residual LV hypertrophy was present in 54% of obese and 79% of severely obese patients compared to 31% of normal weight patients (both p < 0.01). In regression analyses, adjusting for initial LV mass/height(2.7), higher BMI predicted less LV hypertrophy reduction and more reduction in LV ejection fraction (both p < 0.05), independent of blood pressure reduction, diabetes and in-study weight change. During follow-up, 91 patients suffered cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction or stroke. In Cox regression analysis 1 kg/m(2) higher baseline BMI predicted a 5% higher rate of cardiovascular events and 10% higher cardiovascular mortality over 4.8 years (both p < 0.05). Conclusions: In hypertensive patients in the LIFE study, increased BMI was associated with less reduction of LV hypertrophy and less improvement in LV systolic function which may contribute to the observed higher cardiovascular event rate of treated hypertensive patients. (C) 2011 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.
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| 24. |
- Gertow, J., et al.
(författare)
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Ceramides are associated with inflammatory processes in human mediastinal adipose tissue
- 2014
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Ingår i: NMCD. Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases. - : Elsevier BV. - 0939-4753 .- 1590-3729. ; 24:2, s. 124-131
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Aim: Ceramides are poorly characterized in human adipose tissue. The aim of this study was to investigate concentrations of different ceramide species in human subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue depots and to determine associations between ceramides and global gene expression profiles. Methods and Results: Concentrations of six ceramide species were determined in plasma and in subcutaneous and mediastinal adipose tissue from 10 overweight subjects (BMI 29.4±4.9kg/m2). In the adipose tissue biopsies gene expression arrays were performed and relationships between ceramides and gene expression analyzed. Immunostaining of the two adipose tissue depots was performed in an independent group of 10 patients. Mediastinal adipose tissue contained significantly higher concentrations (p<0.05) of all six ceramide species than the subcutaneous depot. Of the six ceramides in plasma, concentrations of only two (Cer d18:1/18:0 and Cer d18:1/22:0) correlated significantly (p<0.05) with the corresponding species in mediastinal adipose tissue, but there were no significant correlations between ceramides in plasma and subcutaneous adipose tissue. Multivariate analysis identified significant correlations between the total ceramide concentration and global gene expression within mediastinal, but not subcutaneous adipose tissue, according to cross-validation. Gene ontology analysis of genes related to ceramides in the mediastinal depot revealed that genes positively correlated with ceramides were associated mainly with immune and inflammatory categories, while genes negatively correlated with ceramides were associated mainly with lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. Conclusions: Ceramides in human mediastinal adipose tissue may be involved in inflammation and lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.
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| 25. |
- Giacco, R., et al.
(författare)
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Fish oil, insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion and glucose tolerance in healthy people : Is there any effect of fish oil supplementation in relation to the type of background diet and habitual dietary intake of n-6 and n-3 fatty acids?
- 2007
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Ingår i: NMCD. Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases. - : Elsevier BV. - 0939-4753 .- 1590-3729. ; 17:8, s. 572-580
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim To evaluate whether a moderate supplementation of long-chain n-3 fatty acids is able to modulate insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, β-cell function and glucose tolerance in healthy individuals consuming a diet rich in either saturated or monounsaturated fat, also in relation to their habitual dietary intake of n-6 and n-3 fatty acid. Methods and results One hundred and sixty-two healthy individuals were randomly assigned to follow either one of two isoenergetic diets for 3months, one rich in monounsaturated fats and the other rich in saturated fats. Within each group there was a second randomisation to fish oil (n-3 fatty acids 3.6g/day) or placebo. At the beginning and at the end of the treatment periods insulin sensitivity (SI), first phase insulin response (FPIR) and glucose tolerance (KG-value) were evaluated by the intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT). Fish oil did not have any effect on SI, FPIR, KG-value and disposition index in either diet. Even after dividing subjects according to the median value of n-6/n-3 ratio of serum phospholipids at baseline, there was no change in SI (Δ SI 0.42±0.34 on fish oil vs 0.14±0.23 on placebo for those with n-6/n-3 <4.85; −1.03±0.47 on fish oil vs −0.27±0.32 on placebo for those with n-6/n-3 >4.85) (M±SE), FPIR (Δ FPIR 135.9±78.9 vs 157.2±157.5pmol/L; 38.8±181.7 vs 357.1±181.7pmol/L), KG-value (Δ KG 0.14±0.15 vs 0.12±0.11; −0.32±0.16 vs 0.15±0.15) or disposition index (Δ disposition index 1465.4±830.4 vs 953.8±690.0; −1641.6±1034.3 vs 446.6±905.1). Considering the 75th percentile of n-6/n-3 ratio (5.82) the results on insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion and disposition index were confirmed, while, in this more extreme situation, n-3 fatty acid supplementation induced a significant deterioration of KG-value (p=0.02). Conclusions In healthy individuals a moderate supplementation of fish oil does not affect insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, β-cell function or glucose tolerance. The same is true even when the habitual dietary intake of n-6 and n-3 fatty acids is taken into account.
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