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Numrering	Referens	Omslagsbild	Hitta
1.	Janson, Ulla, et al. (författare) Demolish, recycle, build new or renovate – energy use throughout the life cycle. 2022 Ingår i: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. - : IOP Publishing. - 1755-1307 .- 1755-1315. Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract The building industry has a major impact on the global carbon emissions, the use of natural resources and generation of waste. A drastic change is needed for this industry to be a part of a sustainable future. Within this research, a case study is performed to investigate how cultural values of a building can be preserved when energy efficiency measures are taken, with a low global warming potential (GWP). Keeping the cultural values of the red brick façade, the original window shape and the natural stone in the plinth, there is still an energy saving potential of halve the energy use for space heating. The GWP of the measures taken is strongly dependent on the energy mix in the district heating system.
2.	Akperov, M., et al. (författare) Trends of intense cyclone activity in the Arctic from reanalyses data and regional climate models (Arctic-CORDEX) 2019. - 1 Ingår i: Turbulence, Atmosphere and Climate Dynamics. - : IOP Publishing. - 1755-1307. ; 231 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract The ability of state-of-the-art regional climate models (RCMs) to simulate the trends of intense cyclone activity in the Arctic is assessed based on an ensemble of 13 simulations from 11 models from the Arctic-CORDEX initiative. Some models employ large-scale spectral nudging techniques. Cyclone characteristics simulated by the ensemble in winter and summer are compared with the results from four reanalyses (ERA-Interim, NCEP-CFSR, NASA-MERRA2 and JMA-JRA55) in winter and summer for 1981-2010 period.
3.	Arfvidsson, J., et al. (författare) A method for status determination and risk assessment of energy measures in historic buildings 2021. - 1 Ingår i: IOP Conference Series : Earth and Environmental Science - Earth and Environmental Science. - : IOP Publishing. - 1755-1307 .- 1755-1315. ; 863 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Implementing energy efficiency measures in historic buildings is a challenging task and require knowledge in a number of different disciplines. The measures to reduce energy use must create a good indoor environment without jeopardizing the loss of important cultural historical values or entailing damages to building materials or load-bearing structures. Building antiquarian-, building biological- and building physical aspects are central, and must be taken into account in the entire process, from planning to implementation of energy update measures in historic buildings. This paper presents a methodology for status determination and risk assessment of energy measures in historic buildings. The method (KuReRA) has been developed in collaboration between curators, building biologists and building physicists.
4.	Bramryd, Torleif, et al. (författare) Engineered MSW landfills as a future material resource and a sink for long-term storage of organic carbon 2020. - 1 Ingår i: XVII-th INTERNATIONAL YOUTH SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL BALTIC REGION COUNTRIES FORUM "ECOBALTICA" 16-17 July 2020, Saint-Petersburg. Russian Federation. - : IOP Publishing. - 1755-1307. ; 578 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract A controlled, highly engineered landfill has many similarities to natural peatlands or other natural anoxic sediment deposits. In anaerobic MSW landfills, generally about 30-50 percent of the total carbon content in the waste can be converted into biogas and be collected as resource for energy or chemical industry. Remaining long-lived organic carbon, e.g. from lignin remains un-degraded, Organic carbon in fossil derived hydrocarbons, like plastics, will remain rather unaffected in the landfill. In a future with less remaining oil resources, landfill mining of these polymers can be valuable, making the landfill to a future "resource bank". New reactor cell landfill technologies have shown that up to over 90 % of the produced biogas can be collected and used. Approximately 150-250 m3 of biogas per tonne waste can be extracted from a landfill reactor-cell over a 10-year period. Sequestration of a long-lived organic fraction in a landfill, with an annual input of 100 000 tons of waste, can compensate for annual CO2 emissions from about 20 000 to 25 000 cars. If more than about 60 % of produced biogas can be collected from the landfill, it has positive net effects on climate change. If the waste instead would have been incinerated this would lead to major emissions of fossil CO2, as about 30-50 % of the CO2 in the stack gasses from a waste incinerator has fossil origin.
5.	Davidsson, H., et al. (författare) Decentralized ventilation unit for window frame integration 2022. - 1 Ingår i: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. - : IOP Publishing. - 1755-1307 .- 1755-1315. ; 1085, s. 32-32 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Swedish National Board of Housing, Building and Planning reported in "Energi i bebyggelsen"that 80 % of the detached houses in Sweden were under-ventilated, and had a flow of 0.23 l/(s·m2) on average instead of, by the code, required 0,35 l/(s·m2). Well known concerns here are lacking indoor environmental quality and a risk of moisture problems in certain rooms and in the envelope. The naturally ventilated houses have a higher airflow at low outdoor temperatures which increases the energy use for heating. Adding proper ventilation to all Swedish detached houses could according to Besmå's pre-study "Potential för energieffektivisering i småhus (2019)"increase the annual energy need by 5.5 TWh. Many of these use electric heating resulting in a heavy pressure on the electricity production and distribution. One way to solve this problem is to install mechanical ventilation with heat recovery. Installing such system in older houses is however often costly and often carries technical and practical problems. Ducts must be installed in every room in the building, requiring space which often leads to reconstruction of walls and ceilings. Another way to solve this is reinforce the existing ventilation in the house with a decentralised ventilation unit with heat recovery. The technical solution is to mount several smaller ventilation unit with heat recovery in the building skin in order to ventilate individual rooms. The solution does not require any ducts to be installed. This simplifies the installation and reduces the maintenance. In this report we study a decentralised ventilation unit with heat recovery intended to be installed in window frame to lower the cost of the combination of ventilation and window renovation. In this report we measure draft, short-circuiting between inlet and outlet air, air mixing in the room, noise and heat recovery efficiency of the ventilation unit. The results show that no draft and no short-circuit occurs and that the mixing of the air in the room is high and an efficiency of the heat recovery of approximately 70 %.
6.	Fredriksson, Sam, 1966, et al. (författare) Near-surface physics during convection affecting air-water gas transfer 2016 Ingår i: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. - : IOP Publishing. - 1755-1307 .- 1755-1315. ; 35:1, s. 012007- Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract The gas flux at the water surface is affected by physical processes including turbulence from wind shear, microscale wave breaking, large-scale breaking, and convection due to heat loss at the surface. The main route in the parameterizations of the gas flux has been to use the wind speed as a proxy for the gas flux velocity, indirectly taking into account the dependency of the wind shear and the wave processes. The interest in the contributions from convection processes has increased as the gas flux from inland waters (with typically lower wind and sheltered conditions) now is believed to play a substantial role in the air-water gas flux budget. The gas flux is enhanced by convection through the mixing of the mixed layer as well as by decreasing the diffusive boundary layer thickness. The direct numerical simulations performed in this study are shown to be a valuable tool to enhance the understanding of this flow configuration often present in nature.
7.	Hellström, M., et al. (författare) The ICOS Atmosphere use case : From raw data to knowledge of societal relevance 2020. - 1 Ingår i: 11th International Symposium on Digital Earth (ISDE 11). - : IOP Publishing. - 1755-1307. ; 509 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract In order to effectively tackle the on-going changes in global climate, stakeholders and policy makers across the globe need timely and accurate information they can trust on a wide range of topics. Here we briefly describe how observational data on greenhouse gas concentrations collected from the ICOS network of measurement stations in Europe is transformed via atmospheric modelling into information on how emission and uptake of greenhouse gases vary over time and space, and interpreted by experts to create knowledge usable by decision makers.
8.	Hennig, Katarina, et al. (författare) Social interaction in local public squares after dark 2022 Ingår i: The 8th International Light Symposium : Re-thinking Lighting Design in a Sustainable Future (Light Symposium 2022) - Re-thinking Lighting Design in a Sustainable Future (Light Symposium 2022). - : IOP Publishing. - 1755-1307 .- 1755-1315. ; 1099 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract This paper explores social interaction in local public squares under different lighting conditions. At its best public squares are social spaces that engender a sense of belonging, increase the quality of life and wellbeing of individuals. It is proposed that outdoor lighting would be essential to the use of the public realm after dark, but empirical results regarding lighting conditions and social aspects of life in public squares are limited. Based on a socio-physical conceptual model of the transactional relationship of the user, the lit environment andthe behavioural outcome, this study investigated active social interaction in daylight compared to after dark. A field study was conducted in two local public squares in Malmö, Sweden. The occurrences of which visitors were being alone, in pairs, or in groups of three or more (N=2522), and verbal or non-verbal interaction amongst those in company of another person were recorded.The lit appearance of the two squares after dark, was assessed with HDR-photography and photometric measurements; portraying dissimilar spatial, spectral and intensity characteristics.The results of social interaction show dissimilar patterns of the two squares; an increase in social interaction in EL after dark was observed in one of the squares, while a decrease in the afternoon and no significant difference was displayed in the evening after dark in the other square. It is suggested that lighting may sustain patterns of social interaction after dark, however it might be, that the company of another is especially important after dark.
9.	Javanroodi, Kavan, 1988, et al. (författare) A multi-objective optimization framework for designing climate-resilient building forms in urban areas 2020 Ingår i: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. - : IOP Publishing. - 1755-1307 .- 1755-1315. ; 588:3 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract With the increasing global awareness about the impacts of climate change on the built environments, the need for improving the climate resilience of buildings is being more acknowledged. Despite the high number of relevant studies, there is a lack of frameworks to assess the resiliency of buildings and urban areas. This study presents a multi-objective framework to optimize the form of buildings against its energy performance and thermal comfort considering its resiliency to the uncertainties of climate change during three thirty-years periods (2010-2099) of a warm region. Three performance sections related to building's form are identified and categorized for the impact assessment including (1) urban form, (2) orientation, and (3) transparency with ten influencing parameters. The analysis of non-dominated solutions out of the optimization process showed that the annual energy performance (cooling and heating demand) of the urban areas can improve about 34% in both typical and extreme weather conditions whilst maintaining thermal comfort by optimizing the overall form of the buildings with similar built density and heights. Moreover, Buildings with 15 to 30-degree rotations and 33% glazing ratio showed the highest energy performance. Finally, the top 20 resilient building forms with the highest energy performance and climate resiliency were selected out of the database of results to derive design suggestions.
10.	Johansson, D., et al. (författare) Defrosting and Frost Protection Measurements of Heat Recovery in Cold Climate 2019 Ingår i: 1st Nordic conference on Zero Emission and Plus Energy Buildings 6–7 November 2019, Trondheim, Norway. - : IOP Publishing. - 1755-1307. ; 352 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract The installation of technical solutions for heat recovery from the ventilation air is a very important step, both with respect to improving the indoor climate and as an energy-saving measure. Ventilation without heat recovery use a substantial part of an entire building's heating use, especially if the building is a low energy building. To realize a large implementation of heat recovery property owners must increase their knowledge about how these systems work and they must be able to rely on them functioning properly. The function and performance of a ventilation system when it comes to heat recovery can be a problem as soon as temperatures drop far below zero. When freezing occurs some form of defrosting is required and this can lead to indoor climate problems and to little or no heat recovery being obtained, which will reduce the energy efficiency and, at the same time, may compromise moisture safety. The goal of this project is to increase knowledge about how heat recovery systems for residential buildings with respect to defrosting and frost protection measures in heat exchangers. The knowledge can thereafter be used to develop effective defrosting strategies and frost protection measures so that the energy use and power requirements are minimized. Measurements were performed for heat recovery systems placed in dwellings in north Sweden to investigate occurrence of frost formation. The paper will present these measurements and some comparing simulations which can serve as a basis for further development of good defrosting strategies.
11.	Johansson, D., et al. (författare) Prioritize the right energy measures in historic buildings - Approach and measure selection 2021. - 1 Ingår i: IOP Conference Series : Earth and Environmental Science - Earth and Environmental Science. - : IOP Publishing. - 1755-1307 .- 1755-1315. ; 863 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract The overall energy goals mean that more and more extensive measures need to be applied on buildings with varying degrees of heritage value. Previous studies show that there are a number of measures that have a beneficial impact on different parts of the energy system in historic buildings. What is now needed is a holistic approach that provides an opportunity to prioritize which measures are most important and should be combined. An ongoing research project is working on a method that will enable the reduction of energy and power needs for historic buildings on a larger scale by allowing different actors to choose optimal combinations of measures out of a number of important parameters. This paper identifies such parameters, as well as five cases for a future case study on combined measures. The effect of the implementation of various measures regarding both energy and power will be reviewed and interviews will be conducted with owners and managers of buildings to gather their quantitative and qualitative experiences regarding such measures. Finally, the most relevant energy measures are listed for further analysis in future simulation studies.
12.	Jonasson, Jonas, et al. (författare) Knowledge management of sustainable construction processes 2020. - 2 Ingår i: WSBE 20 - World Sustainable Built Environment - Beyond2020 2-4 November 2020, Gothenburg, Sweden. - : IOP Publishing. - 1755-1307 .- 1755-1315. ; 588 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract As the building construction industry accounts for a large part of the ecological burden, sustainable construction processes are very important for achieving sustainable communities. Construction is often a linear process, where different actors act at different stages of the process. In this process there are critical borderlines where the information is to be transferred from one actor to another. Over the years, the construction industry has developed a well-functioning and standardized arrangement for how this happens. However, this has proven to be problematic when sustainability is to be introduced in construction projects. Sustainability goals can often be perceived as diffuse and difficult to interpret. Different actors with different values and knowledge level regarding sustainability also interpret the goals differently. A common way is to set environmental goals as checklists with criteria to be met. In this process, it is common for certain aspects to be sub-optimized while other important aspects fall outside the scope. It is therefore very important to simplify the sustainability parameters without sacrificing complexity. The goals must be clearly formulated initially and followed up continuously throughout the process. The purpose of this paper is to study and analyze good examples of sustainable construction processes with regard to clear goal formulation and continuous follow-up. The result end up in a proposal for a model for knowledge management of sustainable construction processes.
13.	Karlsson, Tove, et al. (författare) The school lighting innovation dilemma 2022 Ingår i: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, Volume 1099. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 1755-1307 .- 1755-1315. Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract This paper presents a qualitative descriptive case study that aims to build awareness about the need for improvement of the indoor environment in classrooms and to exemplify how renewal-oriented processes can be initiated. The study focuses on innovation processes that have resulted in both completely new designs and further spread of innovative solutions. The reason for the need to improve is that too many pupils and students have problems with concentration, relaxation and recuperation. The number of diagnoses such as Autism and ADHD is growing. One factor which significantly influences the pupil's mental well-being is the daily physical environment. The single aspect which may be improved in reasonable time, at a reasonable cost, is the lighting design of classrooms. An underlying reason for the habit to continue installing insipid uniform static "light-carpets" is the lack of awareness about how lighting affects wellbeing and health. As with innovation in other industries, it is an innovation dilemma that the vast majority of the people who sell and procure classroom lighting tend to prefer the established solutions that they are used to. The article describes how Malmö's early investment in Human Centric Lighting and the unique indoor environment of the Study hall in the Centre for Economic Sciences at Uppsala University are used as role models for lighting design in classrooms. The case study combines the authors' own observations and earlier interviews with users. Malmö's temporal light variation and parts of the Study hall's lighting design are used in more than 30 classrooms, in Malmö, Stockholm Business School and Iggesund. The article concludes with suggestions on how today's lighting design knowledge and technology can be combined to provide more advanced adaptations to the varying lighting needs of pupils, students and teachers.
14.	Kyrö, R. K. (författare) Share, preserve, adapt, rethink - A focused framework for circular economy 2020. - 4 Ingår i: WSBE 20 - World Sustainable Built Environment - Beyond2020 2-4 November 2020, Gothenburg, Sweden. - : IOP Publishing. - 1755-1307. ; 588 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract The concept of circular economy has peaked in both popular and scientific discussion in the past few years. Notwithstanding, no specific definition for circularity in the context of existing buildings is available. This research details a framework of circular economy in the built environment, focusing on existing buildings. The paper employs a systematic literature review on circular economy within built environment. The majority of the reviewed articles date from 2016-2019, confirming the novelty of the research area. Based on the literature review, research on circular economy in the built environment has to date largely focused on designing to facilitate circularity in the future, or salvaging and recycling building materials for new construction. This paper suggests a literature-based framework comprising three complementary approaches to implementing circularity in the context of existing buildings: 1) Share; 2) Preserve; 3) Adapt, and; 4) Rethink. The transition toward a circular economy in the built environment requires structured approaches, like the one presented here. The presented framework allows researchers to expand their thinking on circularity in the built environment, while providing practitioners a selection of potential managerial approaches. The suggested circular approaches may be particularly useful for the longer-term strategy work of real estate owners and managers.
15.	Kyrö, R, et al. (författare) Your vibe attracts your tribe – the adaptive reuse of buildings delivering aesthetic experience and social inclusion 2022 Ingår i: World Building Congress 2022 26/06/2022 - 30/06/2022 Melbourne, Australia. - : IOP Publishing. - 1755-1307 .- 1755-1315. ; 1101:6 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract A significant amount of embodied energy, materials, and economic capital is tied to vacant and underused buildings. Sharing is an effective way to reduce the excess use of space. Beside sharing, much more focus should be placed on maximizing the functional use of existing buildings. Adaptive reuse can be effective not only in mitigating obsolescence, but also in enhancing the vitality of site surroundings. This study aims to explore the potential of sharing and adaptive reuse in delivering circularity, with special focus on the social dimension. We engage in a qualitative, in-depth case study method using interviews, site visits, as well as document and social media reviews as data sources. We study two adaptive reuse projects, where the buildings have been repurposed for collaborative use. The first case is a former museum turned into co-working space, the second is a former industrial site turned into an arts centre. Our findings show that while adaptive reuse is inherently environmentally sustainable, the value delivery is through the social impact of the projects. The social impact can be divided into aesthetic experience, delivered through the preserved historic building, attractive site surroundings and creative content, and social inclusion, delivered through community engagement and accessibility.
16.	Mattsson, P. (författare) Energy-efficient lighting and visually impaired users in homelike environments 2022 Ingår i: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. - : IOP Publishing. - 1755-1307 .- 1755-1315. ; 1099 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Despite a rapid transition to LED lamps, it is still little knowledge about the effects of these light sources on users with low vision. The study's main objective was to acquire a better understanding about how correlated colour temperatures (CCTs) of non-directional LED affect visual accessibility and perceptions of lighting quality in homelike environments among visually impaired persons. The study took place in a full scale laboratory in which CCTs of 2,700 K and 4,000 K were tested. Participants having normal vision (N=60, 24 males, 36 females, M = 25.50) were divided into three groups of 20 to assess the two lit environments with cataract goggle, severe cataract goggle and normal vision respectively. They were asked to perform everyday activities while the observer recorded the time and conducted observations, and to rate the difficulty of each activity. Thereafter, the participants were asked to rate their perceptions of lighting quality and contrasts in the room. With the same CRI of Ra80, there were no differences in the performance of everyday activities between the two CCTs whereas the differences in the perceived lighting quality and the perceived contrasts were found. The cool white CCT was found to positively affect visual accessibility and perceived contrasts however, its comfort quality remains questionable.
17.	Nußholz, Julia L.K., et al. (författare) Financial assessment of reusing materials in buildings : Comparing financial potential of wood, concrete, and glass reuse 2019 Ingår i: SBE19 Brussels - BAMB-CIRCPATH "Buildings as Material Banks - A Pathway For A Circular Future". - : IOP Publishing. - 1755-1307. ; 225 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Buildings are responsible for a third of global greenhouse gas emissions, with much of their life cycle impacts resulting from embodied impacts of building materials. One solution to reduce embodied emissions is to use of secondary materials such as by-products and waste materials for producing building materials (in this study referred to as reuse solutions). While this is reported to have positive environmental and economic impact, many financial barriers to economic application remain, centering on labor-intensive recovery processes, low end-of life value, fluctuating material volumes and qualities. This paper aims to advance understanding of the financial potential to reuse different end-of-life materials for building materials by presenting a cost structure analysis of three reuse solutions developed by a Scandinavian case company for wood, glass, and concrete. Findings indicate that profit margins differ considerably by material stream and application. Expenditure for production processes (i.e. cutting wood to planks, assembling glass into windows, mixing aggregates to new concrete) was a significant cost driver in all three reuse solutions. Costs for purchasing end-of-life materials also differed significantly in each case, reflecting the differences in residual value of each material stream. Future research is needed to expand the financial assessment to consider the upscale potential and effect of economies of scale for each case. In addition, we suggest to investigate other dimensions of value such as economic aspects (e.g. job creation and societal costs savings from environmental impacts), as well as the environmental improvement to advance understanding of the relevance of material reuse for buildings.
18.	Santana-Villamar, Jordy, et al. (författare) Impact of the Temperature on the Proton Conductivity and Power Output of a PEFC Operating at High Current Densities 2022 Ingår i: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. - : IOP Publishing. - 1755-1307 .- 1755-1315. ; 994 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells (PEFCs) have great potential as clean energy conversion devices. Therefore, studies are required to increase the understanding of a PEFC at real operating conditions. Two variables that significantly affect the performance are the temperature and the current load. In the present study, a fundamental constitutive part's performance, e.g., the polymeric membrane (PM) Nafion 212, was evaluated by obtaining its proton conductivity. Also, the cell performance is evaluated considering its output power. Tests were performed in a temperature range of 40-90 °C in steps of 5 °C at a constant current of 50 A. The results show a direct correlation between the proton conductivity and the temperature, and for temperatures greater than 85 °C, the proton conductivity has a growth negligible. It was also found that the PEFC output power has an exponential trend with maximum performance at 75 °C with a power of 25.1 W and proton conductivity of 63 mS.cm-1. Besides, an analysis of the internal factors that impact the proton conductivity and the performance is presented. Finally, empirical correlations for proton conductivity and power output as a function of the temperature with an R-squared larger than 0.96 are proposed.
19.	Scholz, Miklas (författare) International Conference on Water Resource and Environment 2016 (WRE2016) 2016 Ingår i: IOP Conference Series : Earth and Environmental Science - Earth and Environmental Science. - : IOP Publishing. - 1755-1307 .- 1755-1315. ; 39 Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
20.	Scholz, Miklas (författare) Preface 2018 Ingår i: 9th International Conference on Environmental Science and Development-ICESD 2018. - : IOP Publishing. - 1755-1307 .- 1755-1315. ; 151 Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
21.	Shalaby, M., et al. (författare) Daylight and energy as active drivers in the design process of a new school in Enköping, Sweden 2020. - 3 Ingår i: WSBE 20 - World Sustainable Built Environment - Beyond2020 2-4 November 2020, Gothenburg, Sweden. - : IOP Publishing. - 1755-1307. ; 588 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract With the introduction of new demands targeting net-zero energy and net zero-carbon buildings and neighbourhoods on a national level in Sweden and internationally, balancing the requirements of daylight and energy is becoming more important in the design process. In order to succeed, an effective strategy needs to be defined for utilising the right digital tools and metrics for the two factors at different times in the process, and in an integrated way. This paper presents the workflow used whilst developing the concept for a new school in Enköping, Sweden (59.633°N, 17.086°E). The analyses performed during the design process included vertical sky component, daylight factor and early-stage energy calculations. Implementing photovoltaic (PV) cells and energy-efficient lighting design were also included as part of a strategy for reducing primary energy consumption. It was found that daylight and energy can be effectively balanced if an integrated strategy is followed during early stages of the design process. National regulations can also be met, and the time required for running simulations can be reduced by a factor of three by having an effective process.
22.	von Platten, Jenny, et al. (författare) Energy inequality as a risk in socio-technical energy transitions : The Swedish case of individual metering and billing of energy for heating 2020 Ingår i: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. - : IOP Publishing Ltd. - 1755-1307 .- 1755-1315. ; 588:3 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Improved energy efficiency in the housing stock is an important undertaking in the energy transition but is associated with both opportunities and risks. While there are possibilities to reduce energy inequalities in the housing stock, inequalities also risk being aggravated as actions for energy efficiency usually aim at the least energy efficient - and thus sometimes the least privileged - parts of the housing stock. In this paper, we use two different energy performance metrics (kWh/m2 and kWh/capita) to investigate the energy inequality in the Swedish multifamily building stock and explore the effects of these inequalities in the energy transition. More specifically, we investigate the implementation of individual metering and billing of energy for heating, which was recently implemented in the least energy efficient part of the housing stock. It was found that low-income households were overrepresented in the affected buildings. The consequence of this implementation is thus that the strongest protection against energy poverty in Sweden (collective billing for heating) is removed in a part of the housing stock where two of the predictors for energy poverty - low income and low energy performance - are overrepresented. It was concluded that acknowledging inequalities is crucial to avoid risks associated with the energy transition.
23.	Wahlström, Åsa, et al. (författare) A certification scheme for operation of buildings with well-planned and ambitious environmental improvements 2020. - 3 Ingår i: WSBE 20 - World Sustainable Built Environment - Beyond2020 2-4 November 2020, Gothenburg, Sweden. - : IOP Publishing. - 1755-1307. ; 588 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract The development of environmental certification schemes has increased rapidly during the last twenty years and are often used as benchmarks during design of new buildings or reconstruction. However, for management of our existing buildings the members of Sweden Green Building Council request for clear guidelines and a certification scheme. Therefore, a new certification scheme called Miljöbyggnad in Operation has been developed within close cooperation with branch actors through interviews, workshops and suggestions for consideration. The scheme will be launched in summer 2020. The new scheme act as a guidance tool for the property sector to meet the environmental quality objectives. Today many of our existing buildings do not even meet the requirements within the Swedish Environmental Code and many tenants are suffering with health problems due too low indoor environment qualities in their homes, in schools or at work. Therefore, high focus is on indoor environment and occurrence of dangerous substances but also aspects that consider improved health. Use of energy and resources are considered to reduce the impact of global warming. Building's status is evaluated in order to make deliberate environmental improvements. Eighteen environmental aspects are assessed with about 250 statements that should be answered with yes in order to give one score. With the scores the building owner will get a good identification of the worst parts of the building and which measures that directly will give substantial results. The aim is to give a clear presentation of the building's status, irrespective of building category or age, and to inspire for a well-planned and ambitious environmental improvement with gamification.
24.	Wahlström, Åsa, et al. (författare) Guidelines with routines and documentation for handling energy requirements within the building process 2020. - 2 Ingår i: WSBE 20 - World Sustainable Built Environment - Beyond2020 2-4 November 2020, Gothenburg, Sweden. - : IOP Publishing. - 1755-1307. ; 588 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract As a result of the energy performance of the buildings directive (EPBD 2010), the requirements have been gradually tightened in the Swedish building regulations. For the purpose of the directive to be realized, it is becoming increasingly important to ensure that buildings actually live up to the minimum rules laid down in the Swedish Building Regulations (BBR) or more ambitious requirements imposed directly by the clients. To gain more insight into these questions, today´s building process has been studied through interviews and workshops with regional actors in seven regions around Sweden. A guideline is proposed with new routines and documentation for the building process, i.e. handling of starting clearance, designing of inspection plan and follow-up for final clearance.
25.	Wahlström, Åsa, et al. (författare) Not even close to the goals - A “snapshot” of Swedish property owners' energy renovation plans 2020. - 2 Ingår i: WSBE 20 - World Sustainable Built Environment - Beyond2020 2-4 November 2020, Gothenburg, Sweden. - : IOP Publishing. - 1755-1307. ; 588 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract A pre-requisite to reach the EU 2030 and beyond targets is a significantly increased ambition among property owners regarding energy-efficient refurbishments. The Swedish Energy Agency and the National Board of Housing, Building and Planning are on the Swedish government assignment developing a strategy with policy instruments to increase energy-efficiency oriented renovation. In order to design the right policy instruments, deeper knowledge is needed on the potential for energy efficiency and property owners' present actions. To gain more insight into these questions an interview study with 20 building owners, covering more than 15% of the Swedish property area of multi-family buildings, schools and offices were performed in 2016. The interviews aimed to identify how building owners reason on different energy saving levels, what level of energy efficiency they currently are realizing and what obstacles and possibilities they expect if they take further steps in energy renovation. The interviews were based on four different common packages of energy-efficiency measures defined as renovations levels: 4, 15, 30, and 50 percent respectively. In 2019 the strategy was updated based on follow up interviews with mainly the same building owners. The interview results were used, together with assumptions of future renovation rates, in a calculation tool called HEFTIG. This tool enables long term calculation and visualization of energy-efficiency measures. The present situation was compared with scenarios made in 2016 and new scenarios were developed for 2030, 2040 and 2050 for the Swedish building stock. The result is a “snapshot” is that the property owners' current actions are far from the cost-efficient potential and that the potential is larger for heating than for electricity. The results also show that the energy renovation rate has to increase in the near future if the EU targets should be reached.

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