| 1. |
- Ajjan, Fátima, et al.
(författare)
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Enhancing Energy Storage Devices with Biomacromolecules in Hybrid Electrodes
- 2019
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Ingår i: Biotechnology Journal. - : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH. - 1860-6768 .- 1860-7314. ; 14:12
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development of energy storage devices with higher energy and power outputs, and long cycling stability is urgently required in the pursuit of the expanding challenges of electrical energy storage. The utilization of biologically renewable redox compounds holds a great potential in designing sustainable energy storage systems and contributes in reducing the dependence on fossil fuels for energy materials. Quinones are the principal redox centers in natural organic materials and play a key role as charge storage electrode materials because of their abundance, multiple forms and integration into the materials flow through the biosphere. Electrical energy storage devices and systems can be significantly improved by the combination of scalable quinone-based biomaterials with good electronic conductors. This review uses recent examples to show how biopolymers are providing new directions in the development of renewable biohybrid electrodes for energy storage devices.
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| 2. |
- Alinaghi, Masoumeh, et al.
(författare)
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Hierarchical time-series analysis of dynamic bioprocess systems
- 2022
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Ingår i: Biotechnology Journal. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1860-6768 .- 1860-7314. ; 17:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are leading types of ‘blockbuster’ biotherapeutics worldwide; they have been successfully used to treat various cancers and chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Biotherapeutics process development and manufacturing are complicated due to lack of understanding the factors that impact cell productivity and product quality attributes. Understanding complex interactions between cells, media, and process parameters on the molecular level is essential to bring biomanufacturing to the next level. This can be achieved by analyzing cell culture metabolic levels connected to vital process parameters like viable cell density (VCD). However, VCD and metabolic profiles are dynamic parameters and inherently correlated with time, leading to a significant correlation without actual causality. Many time-series methods deal with such issues. However, with metabolic profiling, the number of measured variables vastly exceeds the number of experiments, making most of existing methods ill-suited and hard to interpret. Methods and MajorResults: Here we propose an alternative workflow using hierarchical dimension reduction to visualize and interpret the relation between evolution of metabolic profiles and dynamic process parameters. The first step of proposed method is focused on finding predictive relation between metabolic profiles and process parameter at all time points using OPLS regression. For each time point, the p(corr) obtained from OPLS model is considered as a differential metabogram and is further assessed using principal components analysis (PCA).Conclusions: Compared to traditional batch modeling, applying proposed methodology on metabolic data from Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) antibody production characterized the dynamic relation between metabolic profiles and critical process parameters.
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| 3. |
- Alm, Tove, et al.
(författare)
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High-throughput protein purification under denaturating conditions by the use of cation exchange chromatography
- 2007
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Ingår i: Biotechnology Journal. - : Wiley. - 1860-6768 .- 1860-7314. ; 2, s. 709-716
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A high-throughput protein purification strategy using the polycationic Z(basic) tag has been developed. In order for the strategy to be useful both for soluble and less soluble proteins, a denaturating agent, urea, was used in all purification steps. First, four target proteins were genetically fused to the purification tag, Z(basic). These protein constructs were purified by cation exchange chromatography and eluted using a salt gradient. From the data achieved, a purification strategy was planned including stepwise elution to enable parallel protein purification using a laboratory robot. A protocol that includes all steps, equilibration of the chromatography resin, load of sample, wash, and elution, all without any manual handling steps, was handled by the laboratory robot. The program allows automated purification giving milligram amounts of pure recombinant protein of up to 60 cell lysates. In this study 22 different protein constructs, with different characteristics regarding pI and solubility, were successfully purified by the laboratory robot. The data show that Z(basic) can be used as a general purification tag also under denaturating conditions. Moreover, the strategy enables purification of proteins with different pI and solubility using ion exchange chromatography (IEXC). The procedure is highly reproducible and allows for high protein yield and purity and is therefore a good complement to the commonly used His(6)-tag.
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Ken G., et al.
(författare)
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Autotransporter-Mediated Display of a Naive Affibody Library on the Outer Membrane of Escherichia coli
- 2019
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Ingår i: Biotechnology Journal. - : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH. - 1860-6768 .- 1860-7314. ; 14:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Development of new affinity proteins using combinatorial protein engineering is today established for generation of monoclonal antibodies and also essential for discovery of binders that are based on non-immunoglobulin proteins. Phage display is most frequently used, but yeast display is becoming increasingly popular, partly due to the option of utilizing fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) for isolation of new candidates. Escherichia coli has several valuable properties for library applications and in particular the high transformation efficiency. The use of various autotransporters and intimins for secretion and anchoring on the outer membrane have shown promising results and particularly for directed evolution of different enzymes. Here, the authors report on display of a large naive affibody library on the outer membrane of E. coli using the autotransporter Adhesin Involved in Diffuse Adherence (AIDA-I). The expression cassette is first engineered by removing non-essential sequences, followed by introduction of an affibody library, comprising more than 10(9) variants, into the new display vector. The quality of the library and general performance of the method is assessed by FACS against five different targets, which resulted in a panel of binders with down to nanomolar affinities, suggesting that the method has potential as a complement to phage display for generation of affibody molecules.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Borodina, I., et al.
(författare)
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Advances in metabolic engineering of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae for production of chemicals
- 2014
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Ingår i: Biotechnology journal. - : Wiley. - 1860-6768 .- 1860-7314. ; 9:5, s. 609-620
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an important industrial host for production of enzymes, pharmaceutical and nutraceutical ingredients and recently also commodity chemicals and biofuels. Here, we review the advances in modeling and synthetic biology tools and how these tools can speed up the development of yeast cell factories. We also present an overview of metabolic engineering strategies for developing yeast strains for production of polymer monomers: lactic, succinic, and cis,cis-muconic acids. S. cerevisiae has already firmly established itself as a cell factory in industrial biotechnology and the advances in yeast strain engineering will stimulate development of novel yeast-based processes for chemicals production.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Braissant, Olivier, et al.
(författare)
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Isothermal microcalorimetry accurately detects bacteria, tumorous microtissues, and parasitic worms in a label-free well-plate assay
- 2015
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Ingår i: Biotechnology Journal. - : Wiley. - 1860-6768 .- 1860-7314. ; 10:3, s. 460-468
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Isothermal microcalorimetry is a label-free assay that allows monitoring of enzymatic and metabolic activities. The technique has strengths, but most instruments have a low throughput, which has limited their use for bioassays. Here, an isothermal microcalorimeter, equipped with a vessel holder similar to a 48-well plate, was used. The increased throughput of this microcalorimeter makes it valuable for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. Our results show that the sensitivity of the instrument allows the detection of 3 x 10(4) bacteria per vial. Growth of P. mirabilis in Luria Broth medium was detected between 2 and 9 h with decreasing inoculum. The culture released 2.1J with a maximum thermal power of 76 W. The growth rate calculated using calorimetric and spectrophotometric data were 0.60 and 0.57 h(-1), respectively. Additional insight on protease activities of P. mirabilis matching the last peak in heat production could be gathered as well. Growth of tumor microtissues releasing a maximum thermal power of 2.1 W was also monitored and corresponds to a diameter increase of the microtissues from ca. 100 to 428 m. This opens new research avenues in cancer research, diagnostics, and development of new antitumor drugs. For parasitic worms, the technique allows assessment of parasite survival using motor and metabolic activities even with a single worm.
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| 9. |
- Campbell, Kate, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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Cell-to-cell heterogeneity emerges as consequence of metabolic cooperation in a synthetic yeast community
- 2016
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Ingår i: Biotechnology journal. - : Wiley. - 1860-6768 .- 1860-7314. ; 11:9, s. 1169-1178
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cells that grow together respond heterogeneously to stress even when they are genetically similar. Metabolism, a key determinant of cellular stress tolerance, may be one source of this phenotypic heterogeneity, however, this relationship is largely unclear. We used self-establishing metabolically cooperating (SeMeCo) yeast communities, in which metabolic cooperation can be followed on the basis of genotype, as a model to dissect the role of metabolic cooperation in single-cell heterogeneity. Cells within SeMeCo communities showed to be highly heterogeneous in their stress tolerance, while the survival of each cell under heat or oxidative stress, was strongly determined by its metabolic specialization. This heterogeneity emerged for all metabolite exchange interactions studied (histidine, leucine, uracil, and methionine) as well as oxidant (H2O2, diamide) and heat stress treatments. In contrast, the SeMeCo community collectively showed to be similarly tolerant to stress as wild-type populations. Moreover, stress heterogeneity did not establish as sole consequence of metabolic genotype (auxotrophic background) of the single cell, but was observed only for cells that cooperated according to their metabolic capacity. We therefore conclude that phenotypic heterogeneity and cell to cell differences in stress tolerance are emergent properties when cells cooperate in metabolism.
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| 10. |
- Camsund, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Genetically engineered light sensors for control of bacterial gene expression
- 2011
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Ingår i: Biotechnology Journal. - : Wiley. - 1860-6768 .- 1860-7314. ; 6:7, s. 826-836
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Light of different wavelengths can serve as a transient, noninvasive means of regulating gene expression for biotechnological purposes. Implementation of advanced gene regulatory circuits will require orthogonal transcriptional systems that can be simultaneously controlled and that can produce several different control states. Fully genetically encoded light sensors take advantage of the favorable characteristics of light, do not need the supplementation of any chemical inducers or co-factors, and have been demonstrated to control gene expression in Escherichia coli. Herein, we review engineered light-sensor systems with potential for in vivo regulation of gene expression in bacteria, and highlight different means of extending the range of available light input and transcriptional output signals. Furthermore, we discuss advances in multiplexing different light sensors for achieving multichromatic control of gene expression and indicate developments that could facilitate the construction of efficient systems for light-regulated, multistate control of gene expression.
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| 11. |
- Caspeta-Guadarrama, Luis, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Toward systems metabolic engineering of Aspergillus and Pichia species for the production of chemicals and biofuels
- 2013
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Ingår i: Biotechnology journal. - : Wiley. - 1860-6768 .- 1860-7314. ; 8:5, s. 534-544
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recently genome sequence data have become available for Aspergillus and Pichia species of industrial interest. This has stimulated the use of systems biology approaches for large-scale analysis of the molecular and metabolic responses of Aspergillus and Pichia under defined conditions, which has resulted in much new biological information. Case-specific contextualization of this information has been performed using comparative and functional genomic tools. Genomics data are also the basis for constructing genome-scale metabolic models, and these models have helped in the contextualization of knowledge on the fundamental biology of Aspergillus and Pichia species. Furthermore, with the availability of these models, the engineering of Aspergillus and Pichia is moving from traditional approaches, such as random mutagenesis, to a systems metabolic engineering approach. Here we review the recent trends in systems biology of Aspergillus and Pichia species, highlighting the relevance of these developments for systems metabolic engineering of these organisms for the production of hydrolytic enzymes, biofuels and chemicals from biomass.
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| 12. |
- Cassimjee, Karim Engelmark, et al.
(författare)
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One-step enzyme extraction and immobilization for biocatalysis applications
- 2011
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Ingår i: Biotechnology Journal. - : Wiley. - 1860-6768 .- 1860-7314. ; 6:4, s. 463-469
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An extraction/immobilization method for HIs(6) -tagged enzymes for use in synthesis applications is presented. By modifying silica oxide beads to be able to accommodate metal ions, the enzyme was tethered to the beads after adsorption of Co(II). The beads were successfully used for direct extraction of C. antarctica lipase B (CalB) from a periplasmic preparation with a minimum of 58% activity yield, creating a quick one-step extraction-immobilization protocol. This method, named HisSi Immobilization, was evaluated with five different enzymes [Candida antarctica lipase B (CalB), Bacillus subtilis lipase A (BslA), Bacillus subtilis esterase (BS2), Pseudomonas fluorescence esterase (PFE), and Solanum tuberosum epoxide hydrolase 1 (StEH1)]. Immobilized CalB was effectively employed in organic solvent (cyclohexane and acetonitrile) in a transacylation reaction and in aqueous buffer for ester hydrolysis. For the remaining enzymes some activity in organic solvent could be shown, whereas the non-immobilized enzymes were found inactive. The protocol presented in this work provides a facile immobilization method by utilization of the common His(6) -tag, offering specific and defined means of binding a protein in a specific location, which is applicable for a wide range of enzymes.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Chumnanpuen, Pramote, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Lipid biosynthesis monitored at the single-cell level in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
- 2012
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Ingår i: Biotechnology journal. - : Wiley. - 1860-6768 .- 1860-7314. ; 7:5, s. 594-601
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is increasing interest in bioengineering of lipids for use in functional foods, pharmaceuticals, and biofuels. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a widely utilized cell factory for biotechnological production, thus a tempting alternative. Herein, we show how its neutral lipid accumulation varies throughout metabolic phases under nutritional conditions relevant for large-scale fermentation. Population-averaged metabolic data were correlated with lipid storage at the single-cell level monitored at submicron resolution by label-free coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy. While lipid droplet sizes are fairly constant, the number of droplets is a dynamic parameter determined by glucose and ethanol levels. The lowest number of lipid droplets is observed in the transition phase between glucose and ethanol fermentation. It is followed by a buildup during the ethanol phase. The surplus of accumulated lipids is then mobilized at concurrent glucose and ethanol starvation in the subsequent stationary phase. Thus, the highest amount of lipids is found in the ethanol phase, which is about 0.3 fL/cell. Our results indicate that the budding yeast, S. cerevisiae, can be used for the biosynthesis of lipids and demonstrate the strength of CARS microscopy for monitoring the dynamics of lipid metabolism at the single-cell level of importance for optimized lipid production.
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| 15. |
- De Jonge, L.P., et al.
(författare)
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Flux response of glycolysis and storage metabolism during rapid feast/famine conditions in Penicillium chrysogenum using dynamic 13C labeling
- 2014
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Ingår i: Biotechnology journal. - : Wiley. - 1860-6768 .- 1860-7314. ; 9:3, s. 372-385
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The scale-up of fermentation processes frequently leads to a reduced productivity compared to small-scale screening experiments. Large-scale mixing limitations that lead to gradients in substrate and oxygen availability could influence the microorganism performance. Here, the impact of substrate gradients on a penicillin G producing Penicillium chrysogenum cultivation was analyzed using an intermittent glucose feeding regime. The intermittent feeding led to fluctuations in the extracellular glucose concentration between 400 μM down to 6.5 μM at the end of the cycle. The intracellular metabolite concentrations responded strongly and showed up to 100-fold changes. The intracellular flux changes were estimated on the basis of dynamic 13C mass isotopomer measurements during three cycles of feast and famine using a novel hybrid modeling approach. The flux estimations indicated a high turnover of internal and external storage metabolites in P. chrysogenum under feast/famine conditions. The synthesis and degradation of storage requires cellular energy (ATP and UTP) in competition with other cellular functions including product formation. Especially, 38% of the incoming glucose was recycled once in storage metabolism. This result indicated that storage turnover is increased under dynamic cultivation conditions and contributes to the observed decrease in productivity compared to reference steady-state conditions. © 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
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| 16. |
- Erlendsson, Lýður S, et al.
(författare)
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Barley as a green factory for the production of functional Flt3 ligand
- 2009
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Ingår i: Biotechnology Journal. - Weinheim : Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. - 1860-7314 .- 1860-6768. ; 5:2, s. 163-171
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biologically active recombinant human Flt3 ligand was expressed and isolated from transgenic barley seeds. Its expression is controlled by a tissue specific promoter that confines accumulation of the recombinant protein to the endosperm tissue of the seed. The recombinant Flt3 ligand variant expressed in the seeds contains an HQ-tag for affinity purification on immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC) resin. The tagged protein was purified from seed extracts to near homogeneity using sequential chromatography on IMAC affinity resin and cation exchange resin. We also show that the recombinant Flt3 ligand protein undergoes posttranslational modifications: it is a glycoprotein containing alpha-1,3-fucose and alpha-1,2-xylose. The HQ-tagged Flt3 ligand variant exhibits comparable biological activity to commercial Flt3 ligand. This is the first report showing expression and accumulation of recombinant human growth factor in barley seeds with a yield of active protein similar to a bacterial expression system. The present results demonstrate that plant molecular farming is a viable approach for the bioproduction of human-derived growth factors.
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| 17. |
- Falk, Ronny, et al.
(författare)
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Targeted protein pullout from human tissue samples using competitive elution
- 2011
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Ingår i: Biotechnology Journal. - : Wiley. - 1860-6768 .- 1860-7314. ; 6:1, s. 28-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One commonly used strategy to gain information on the proteins in a cell is to isolate the proteins of interest by specific binders, often antibodies. Not only the specificity of the capturing antibodies but also the washing and elution conditions are crucial to avoid false-positive protein identifications. Eluting the target protein from the matrix, while avoiding the release of unrelated background proteins, should both provide more correct information on the target protein and its interaction partners, and minimize the effort to perform downstream analyses through the reduced number of eluted proteins. In this study, a novel approach for selective protein pullout is presented. Monospecific antibodies were used to selectively pullout target proteins from a complex biosample. Subsequently, the target proteins were competitively eluted from the affinity media with the recombinant antigen. To deplete the antigen from the eluted sample, I MAC spin columns were utilized to bind the N-terminal His-tag of the antigens. The competitive elution method was applied both to a model system, and for the extraction of a native human target protein. In the model system the recombinant target protein BBC7 was spiked into a protein extract of human liver, whereas an endogenously expressed target protein, cTAGE5, was extracted from the liver extract directly. SDS-PAGE analysis and mass spectrometry confirmed affinity isolation of expected target proteins. More selective elution was obtained using the competitive procedure as compared to elution at low pH. Competitive elution has thus been shown to offer an effective approach for wide-scale pullout experiments where proteins and their interaction partners are to be studied.
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| 18. |
- Forster, Anthony C., et al.
(författare)
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Editorial : NextGen SynBio has arrived...
- 2012
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Ingår i: Biotechnology Journal. - : Wiley. - 1860-6768 .- 1860-7314. ; 7:7, s. 827-827
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 19. |
- Forster, Anthony C.
(författare)
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Synthetic biology challenges long-held hypotheses in translation, codon bias and transcription
- 2012
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Ingår i: Biotechnology Journal. - : Wiley. - 1860-6768 .- 1860-7314. ; 7:7, s. 835-845
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Synthetic biology is a powerful experimental approach, not only for developing new biotechnology applications, but also for testing hypotheses in basic biological science. Here, examples from our research using the best model system, Escherichia coli, are reviewed. New evidence drawn from synthetic biology has overturned several long-standing hypotheses regarding the mechanisms of transcription and translation: (i) all native aminoacyl-tRNAs are not equally efficient in translation at equivalent concentrations; (ii) accommodation is not always rate limiting in translation, and may not be for any aminoacyl-tRNA; (iii) proline is the only N-alkyl-amino acid in the genetic code not because of special suitability for protein structure, but because of its comparatively high nucleophilicity; (iv) the usages of most sense codons in E. coli do not correlate with cognate tRNA abundances and (v) class II transcriptional pausing and termination by T7 RNA polymerase cannot be assumed to occur in vivo based on in vitro data. Implications of these conclusions for the biotechnology field are discussed.
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| 20. |
- Gernaey, Krist V, et al.
(författare)
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Monitoring and control of microbioreactors: An expert opinion on development needs
- 2012
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Ingår i: Biotechnology Journal. - : Wiley-VCH Verlag Berlin. - 1860-6768 .- 1860-7314. ; 7:10, s. 1308-1314
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This perspective article is based on an expert panel review on microbioreactor applications in biochemical and biomedical engineering that was organized by the M3C (measurement, monitoring, modelling and control) Working Group of the European Section of Biochemical Engineering Science (ESBES) in the European Federation of Biotechnology (EFB). The aim of the panel was to provide an updated view on the present status of the subject and to identify critical needs and issues for furthering the successful development of microbioreactor monitoring and control. This will benefit future bioprocess development and in vitro toxicity testing. The article concludes with a set of recommendations for extended use and further development of microbioreactors.
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| 21. |
- Gong, Z. W., et al.
(författare)
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Engineering Robustness of Microbial Cell Factories
- 2017
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Ingår i: Biotechnology journal. - : Wiley. - 1860-6768 .- 1860-7314. ; 12:10
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Metabolic engineering and synthetic biology offer great prospects in developing microbial cell factories capable of converting renewable feedstocks into fuels, chemicals, food ingredients, and pharmaceuticals. However, prohibitively low production rate and mass concentration remain the major hurdles in industrial processes even though the biosynthetic pathways are comprehensively optimized. These limitations are caused by a variety of factors unamenable for host cell survival, such as harsh industrial conditions, fermentation inhibitors from biomass hydrolysates, and toxic compounds including metabolic intermediates and valuable target products. Therefore, engineered microbes with robust phenotypes is essential for achieving higher yield and productivity. In this review, the recent advances in engineering robustness and tolerance of cell factories is described to cope with these issues and briefly introduce novel strategies with great potential to enhance the robustness of cell factories, including metabolic pathway balancing, transporter engineering, and adaptive laboratory evolution. This review also highlights the integration of advanced systems and synthetic biology principles toward engineering the harmony of overall cell function, more than the specific pathways or enzymes.
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| 22. |
- Grönwall, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
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Affibody-mediated transferrin depletion for proteomics applications
- 2007
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Ingår i: Biotechnology Journal. - : Wiley. - 1860-6768 .- 1860-7314. ; 2:11, s. 1389-1398
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An Affibody® (Affibody) ligand with specific binding to human transferrin was selected by phage display technology from a combinatorial protein library based on the staphylococcal protein A (SpA)-derived Z domain. Strong and selective binding of the selected Affibody ligand to transferrin was demonstrated using biosensor technology and dot blot analysis. Impressive specificity was demonstrated as transferrin was the only protein recovered by affinity chromatography from human plasma. Efficient Affibody-mediated capture of transferrin, combined with IgG- and HSA-depletion, was demonstrated for human plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). For plasma, 85% of the total transferrin content in the samples was depleted after only two cycles of transferrin removal, and for CSF, 78% efficiency was obtained in single-step depletion. These results clearly suggest a potential for the development of Affibody-based resins for the removal of abundant proteins in proteomics analyses.
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| 23. |
- Hedhammar, My, et al.
(författare)
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Single-step recovery and solid-phase refolding of inclusion body proteins using a polycationic purification tag
- 2006
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Ingår i: Biotechnology Journal. - : Wiley. - 1860-6768 .- 1860-7314. ; 1, s. 187-196
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A strategy for purification of inclusion body-forming proteins is described, in which the positively charged domain Z(basic) is used as a fusion partner for capture of denatured proteins on a cation exchange column. It is shown that the purification tag is selective under denaturing conditions. Furthermore, the new strategy for purification of proteins from inclusion bodies is compared with the commonly used method for purification of His(6)-tagged inclusion body proteins. Finally, the simple and effective means of target protein capture provided by the Z(basic) tag is further successfully explored for solid-phase refolding. This procedure has the inherited advantage of combining purification and refolding in one step and offers the advantage of eluting the concentrated product in a suitable buffer.
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| 24. |
- Hober, Sophia
(författare)
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Biotech in the post genomic era
- 2009
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Ingår i: Biotechnology Journal. - : Wiley. - 1860-6768 .- 1860-7314. ; 4, s. 1631-
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 25. |
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