| 1. |
- Back, M, et al.
(författare)
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Biomarkers in Mitral Regurgitation
- 2017
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Ingår i: Progress in cardiovascular diseases. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-1740 .- 0033-0620. ; 60:3, s. 334-341
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
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| 5. |
- Björck, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Pathophysiology of AAA : Heredity vs Environment
- 2013
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Ingår i: Progress in cardiovascular diseases. - : Elsevier BV. - 0033-0620 .- 1873-1740. ; 56:1, s. 2-6
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) has a complex pathophysiology, in which both environmental and genetic factors play important roles, the most important being smoking. The recently reported falling prevalence rates of AAA in northern Europe and Australia/New Zeeland are largely explained by healthier smoking habits. Dietary factors and obesity, in particular abdominal obesity, are also of importance. A family history of AAA among first-degree relatives is present in approximately 13% of incident cases. The probability that a monozygotic twin of a person with an AAA has the disease is 24%, 71 times higher than that for a monozygotic twin of a person without AAA. Approximately 1000 SNPs in 100 candidate genes have been studied, and three genome-wide association studies were published, identifying different diverse weak associations. An example of interaction between environmental and genetic factors is the effect of cholesterol, where genetic and dietary factors affect levels of both HDL and LDL. True epigenetic studies have not yet been published.
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| 6. |
- Bouchard, Claude, et al.
(författare)
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Personalized Preventive Medicine : Genetics and the Response to Regular Exercise in Preventive Interventions
- 2015
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Ingår i: Progress in cardiovascular diseases. - : Elsevier BV. - 0033-0620 .- 1873-1740. ; 57:4, s. 337-346
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Regular exercise and a physically active lifestyle have favorable effects on health. Several issues related to this theme are addressed in this report. A comment on the requirements of personalized exercise medicine and in-depth biological profiling along with the opportunities that they offer is presented. This is followed by a brief overview of the evidence for the contributions of genetic differences to the ability to benefit from regular exercise. Subsequently, studies showing that mutations in TP53 influence exercise capacity in mice and humans are succinctly described. The evidence for effects of exercise on endothelial function in health and disease also is covered. Finally, changes in cardiac and skeletal muscle in response to exercise and their implications for patients with cardiac disease are summarized. Innovative research strategies are needed to define the molecular mechanisms involved in adaptation to exercise and to translate them into useful clinical and public health applications.
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| 8. |
- Khawaja, Tasveer, et al.
(författare)
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Coronary artery calcium, hepatic steatosis, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Results from the Dallas heart study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Progress in cardiovascular diseases. - : W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC. - 0033-0620 .- 1873-1740. ; 78, s. 67-73
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk amongst those with type 2 diabetes (T2D) is heterogenous. The role of imaging-based cardiometabolic biomarkers (e.g., coronary artery calcium [CAC] score, and hepatic triglyceride content [HTC]) in CVD risk stratification in T2D is unclear. To better understand this, we sought to evaluate the individual and joint associations between CAC and hepatic steatosis (HS) with clinical atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD) in Dallas Heart Study (DHS) participants with and without T2D. Methods: We examined participants in the DHS, a multi-ethnic cohort study, without self-reported ASCVD. CAC scoring was performed via computed tomography with the mean of two consecutive scores used. HTC was measured using magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and HS was defined as HTC >5.5% The primary outcome was incident ASCVD, defined as coronary heart disease (CHD; myocardial infarction, percutaneous coronary intervention, or coronary artery bypass graft surgery), ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attack, or CVD death. Cox regression analyses, and interaction testing was performed to evaluate the individual and joint associations between CAC and HS with ASCVD. The association between HS and coronary heart disease was validated in the UK Biobank (UKB).Results: A total of 1252 DHS participants were included with mean age 44.8 & PLUSMN; 9.3 years, mean body mass index 28.7 & PLUSMN; 5.9 kg/m2, 55% female, and 59% black with an overall prevalence of T2D of 9.7%. CAC scores were significantly higher (p < 0.01) and HS was significantly more prevalent in those with T2D (p < 0.01). Over a median of 12.3 years, 8.3% of participants experienced ASCVD events. The ASCVD event rate was significantly higher in participants with T2D (20.5% vs 7.0%, p < 0.01). Continuous CAC was associated with ASCVD events in the overall cohort regardless of T2D status with a significant interaction present between CAC and T2D status on ASCVD, Pinteraction = 0.02. HTC was not associated with ASCVD risk in participants without T2D but was inversely associated with risk in participants with T2D (HR 0.91, 95% CI 0.83-0.99 per 1% increase in HTC, p = 0.02), Pinteraction = 0.02. Amongst 37,266 UKB participants, 4.5% had T2D. CHD events occurred in 2.2% of participants, with 10.2% of events occurring amongst those with T2D. An inverse relationship between HTC and CHD was also found amongst those with T2D in UKB with a significant interaction between T2D status and HTC on CHD (HR per 1% increase in HTC 0.95, 95% CI 0.91-0.99, p = 0.01, Pinteraction = 0.02).Conclusions: In the DHS, we found that CAC was associated with ASCVD risk independent of T2D status. We did not observe an association between HTC and ASCVD in participants without T2D, but there was an inverse association between HTC and ASCVD in those with T2D that was replicated in the UKB cohort. Further investigation is warranted to understand the possible protective association of HS in participants with T2D.& COPY; 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 16. |
- Borch, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Bacteriological safety issues in red meat and ready-to-eat meat products, as well as control measures
- 2002
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Ingår i: Meat Science. - 0309-1740 .- 1873-4138. ; 62:3, s. 381-390
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The importance of Eschericha coli O157, Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella typhimurium DT104 as meat-borne pathogens is well established. Pathogenic bacteria such as Aeromonas spp., Arcobacter spp., psychrotrophic Bacillus cereus, Campylobacter spp., Clostridium botulinum and non-invasive Listeria monocytogenes can be regarded as rookies, but not yet firmly associated with today's production of red meat and meat products. The development of PCR and other DNA-based techniques will shed new light on so called emerging pathogens. Important safety issues in meat production, such as insufficient cleaning and disinfection (including the stable/lairage, processing environment), carcass decontamination and chilling, and cross contamination are discussed. Furthermore, probability modelling of survival and growth is identified as an important way to achieve a better understanding of how to deal with the complexity of further processing, including heat treatment and storage. © 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 17. |
- Jonsäll, Anette, et al.
(författare)
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Sensory quality and cooking loss of ham muscle (M. biceps femoris) from pigs reared indoors and outdoors
- 2001
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Ingår i: Meat Science. - : Elsevier. - 0309-1740 .- 1873-4138. ; 57:3, s. 245-250
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensory characteristics and cooking loss of ham from pigs of different genotype and sex and on different rearing systems. Half of each litter was reared indoors in a large pen (120 mm2), and the other half outdoors. Ham muscles (M. biceps femoris) from 48 Hampshire crosses (carriers or non-carriers of the RN− allele) were subjected to sensory evaluation by means of descriptive analysis by a selected and trained nine-member panel. Ham from RN− carriers scored higher than that from non-carriers with regard to smell intensity and meat taste, also it was more tender and tended to have a more acidulous taste. Ham from pigs reared indoors had a juicier and more acidulous taste than that from pigs reared outdoors. Ham from castrates was more tender and more juicy than ham from gilts.
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| 18. |
- Lundberg, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Carbon-13 and proton NMR studies of post-mortem metabolism in bovine muscles
- 1986
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Ingår i: Meat Science. - : Elsevier. - 0309-1740 .- 1873-4138. ; 18:2, s. 133-160
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Proton and carbon-13 NMR was used to investigate post-mortem metabolism in bovine muscles at 26°C during the first 10h after slaughter. WALTZ-16 decoupling was used to eliminate the proton couplings in the (13)C spectra and the 'jump and return' pulse sequence was used to suppress the water resonance in the (1)H-NMR experiments. With carbon-13 NMR the glycogen breakdown and the lactate development could be followed. This was compared with the lactate, creatine and phosphocreatine development as measured by proton NMR. The intracellular pH was estimated from the chemical shift of the abundant dipeptide, carnosine, as measured in the (1)H- and (13)C-NMR spectra. These were compared with similar measurements obtained earlier using phosphorus-31 NMR. The three independently determined pH profiles were in excellent agreement with one another, as well as with results obtained with the standard iodoacetate extraction method. In the course of these studies we observed that the post-mortem metabolism in cow and heifer was slow and that it took four more hours to complete compared to bull or young bull. After 10 h the pH was 5·9 in bull and 6·1 in cow. Phosphocreatine had completely disappeared after 3·5 h in bull samples while the lactate continued to increase even after 10h. The curves obtained by carbon-13 and proton NMR for the increase in lactate during the first 10 h post mortem were very similar. Moreover, plots for the increase in the lactate level versus the intracellular pH decrease showed a linear relationship, indicating that anaerobic glycolytic activity is the main determining cause for the intracellular pH decrease. Various other parameters, such as the ratio of unsatirated to saturated fatty acid side chains and the presence of amino acids and taurine, could be measured from the in vivo carbon-13 NMR spectra. However, no gross changes occured in any of these parameters during the first 10 h post mortem.
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| 19. |
- Lundberg, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Post-mortem metabolism in fresh porcine, ovine and frozen bovine muscle
- 1987
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Ingår i: Meat Science. - : Elsevier. - 0309-1740 .- 1873-4138. ; 19:1, s. 1-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Post-mortem metabolism was followed by phosphorus-31-NMR in muscle samples obtained from freshly slaughtered pigs and lambs. Resonances for creatine phosphate (CP), ATP, inorganic phosphate (Pi) and sugar phosphates (SP) could be discerned and the intracellular pH could be determined from the spectra. The rates of post-mortem metabolism varied in the following fashion: porcine muscle > ovine muscle > bovine muscle. However, the course of post-mortem metabolism was, in all cases, the same. CP disappeared first and then ATP. Simultaneously, Pi increased, while SP remained relatively constant. The intracellular pH decreased to pH 5·5 in all tissues.In a separate set of experiments the post-mortem metabolism during thawing was studied in bovine muscles that had been frozen immediately after slaughter. Again, the same course of post-mortem metabolism was observed, but the thaw shortening was accompanied by an extremely rapid post-mortem metabolism, which was more than ten times as fast as that measured for fresh bovine muscles. The intracellular pH decreased from 7·2 to 5·5 in 45 min. This rapid metabolism started only after the sample ha reached 0°C. Resonances for metabolites were broadened in frozen muscles due to the limited motions that are allowed within the ice lattice.
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| 20. |
- Vogel, Hans J., et al.
(författare)
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Post-mortem energy metabolism in bovine muscles studied by non-invasive phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance
- 1985
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Ingår i: Meat Science. - 0309-1740 .- 1873-4138. ; 13:1, s. 1-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phosphorus-31 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ((31)P-NMR) has been utilized to follow non-invasively the post-mortem metabolism of the major phosphorylated metabolites in muscles from beef slaughter carcasses. In addition to adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP), creatine phosphate (CP) and inorganic phosphate (P(i)) considerable amounts of glucose- and fructose-6-phosphate (G6P and F6P, respectively) as well as glycerol-3-phosphate (Glyc3P) were detected. ATP was mainly present as a Mg(2+)-ATP complex. Adenosine-5'-diphosphate (ADP) appeared to be mainly bound to muscle proteins. A good quantitative agreement was found for the levels of ATP, CP and sugar phosphates (SP) when estimated by NMR or enzymatic assays. Since the chemical shifts of the P(i) and sugar phosphate resonances are a function of the pH, the intracellular pH could be directly deduced from the NMR spectra. Values obtained in this manner were, within the errors of both methods, the same as those determined in iodoacetate/KCl homogenates. The pH gradients within the tissue never exceeded 0.3 pH units. In a final set of experiments we used (31)P-NMR 10 study the effects of electrical stimulation on the intracellular pH and post-mortem metabolism. It was concluded that (31)P-NMR, due to its non-invasive nature plus the fact that some of the NMR parameters are sensitive to the intracellular environment, provides a useful complement to existing methods for the study of post-mortem metabolism.
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| 21. |
- Algers, Anne
(författare)
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The development of a new methodology for knowledge sharing in the interface between university and society - An example from the meat sector
- 2013
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Ingår i: Meat Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0309-1740 .- 1873-4138. ; 95, s. 672-678
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Design science research was used for the generation, use and evaluation of a model for knowledge sharing in the user community through open educational resources (OER). The focus of interest was on the development process of a model for knowledge sharing that emphasizes the characteristics and the needs of the user community; the empowerment and democratic issues of openness; the collaboration between institutions and dialog with society; and the consideration of quality and sustainability issues. Initially, the community needs were analyzed through surveys and workshops, and the findings used, through negotiations, to formulate the development process. An open-training platform served as an infrastructure and included a repository with OER, a wiki and a discussion forum. The purpose of this article is an attempt to provide universities with a plan and template for integrated knowledge sharing that responds to societal needs. Usability and usefulness has not been evaluated. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 22. |
- Amlani, Vishal, et al.
(författare)
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The current status of drug-coated devices in lower extremity peripheral artery disease interventions
- 2021
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Ingår i: Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases. - : Elsevier BV. - 0033-0620. ; 65, s. 23-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lower limb peripheral artery disease is a leading cause of cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. Endovascular revascularization is often indicated to improve walking function and to prevent limb loss but restenosis in the treated vessel segment remains a concern that limits the overall effectiveness of the treatment. The most promising technique to prevent restenosis is the use of drug-coated devices, and the most common drug used to coat lower limb balloon angioplasty balloons and stents is paclitaxel. A systematic review and meta analysis in 2018 reported a possible increase in late mortality attributable to paclitaxel-coated devices. Since then, their use has been brought into question. Here, we present an update of data focusing on the efficacy and safety of paclitaxel-coated devices in lower limb treatment applications. While paclitaxel-coated devices appear to reduce restenosis rates it is still unclear how these surrogate marker improvements translate to direct patient benefits and uncertainty remains as to whether paclitaxel-coated devices confer an increased risk of long-term mortality. Available randomized clinical data is hampered by trial heterogeneity, insufficient power, potential attrition bias and the lack of a plausible mechanistic explanation. An important step forward is that the ongoing trials that were temporarily halted due to the Katsanos et al. report have now both commenced recruitment and may ultimately resolve this clinical dilemma by virtue of their larger sample sizes. Other possible ways forward are the ongoing investigation of alternative anti-proliferative coating agents and use of new sophisticated vascular imaging techniques to more clearly identify patients at risk of restenosis already in the preoperative setting. (c) 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 23. |
- Bengtsson, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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Heat-treated and homogenised potato pulp suspensions as additives in low-fat sausages
- 2011
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Ingår i: Meat Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-4138 .- 0309-1740. ; 88:1, s. 75-81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Differently homogenised and heat treated potato pulp, used as a dietary fibre additive in low-fat sausages, gave rise to an enhanced instrumentally and sensory measured firmness and compactness, respectively. This is believed to be due to the high content of insoluble fibre, which creates a fibrous network that enhances the texture of the sausage, while not interfering with the meat protein network. The process and frying losses of the sausages, using potato pulp as an additive, were not significantly different compared to the reference. Comparing the different potato pulp sausages using various kinds of heat treatment of the potato pulp significantly lowered the frying loss and increased the firmness. An explanation to these observations could be that the potato pulp exposed to shorter heat treatment compared with longer gave rise to a lower amount of amylase-leakage from the swelling starch granules caught in the potato pulp matrix. (C) 2010 The American Meat Science Association. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 24. |
- Blanco Penedo, Isabel
(författare)
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Understanding consumers' perceptions towards Iberian pig production and animal welfare
- 2020
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Ingår i: Meat Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0309-1740 .- 1873-4138. ; 172
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Spanish market offers a greater variety of Iberian pork products. The aim of this paper is to determine the perception of consumers of several aspects of Iberian pig production and animal welfare depending on the consumers' characteristics. Consumers from two Spanish regions (n = 403) answered a questionnaire about their beliefs and the importance of pig production, their purchase intentions and their willingness to pay. Consumers were segmented according to their level of knowledge about Iberian pig production. The results of this work indicate that consumers have poor knowledge about Iberian pig production. Even so, consumers show a remarkable preference for Iberian products, especially when the animals are reared freely and in natural conditions, giving great importance to animal welfare. Consumer preferences indicate the importance of emphasizing Iberian traditional pig product characteristics on the label to promote their purchase choices.
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