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1.	Abada, A., et al. (författare) FCC-ee: The Lepton Collider: Future Circular Collider Conceptual Design Report Volume 2 2019 Ingår i: European Physical Journal: Special Topics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1951-6355 .- 1951-6401. ; 228:2, s. 261-623 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In response to the 2013 Update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics, the Future Circular Collider (FCC) study was launched, as an international collaboration hosted by CERN. This study covers a highest-luminosity high-energy lepton collider (FCC-ee) and an energy-frontier hadron collider (FCC-hh), which could, successively, be installed in the same 100 km tunnel. The scientific capabilities of the integrated FCC programme would serve the worldwide community throughout the 21st century. The FCC study also investigates an LHC energy upgrade, using FCC-hh technology. This document constitutes the second volume of the FCC Conceptual Design Report, devoted to the electron-positron collider FCC-ee. After summarizing the physics discovery opportunities, it presents the accelerator design, performance reach, a staged operation scenario, the underlying technologies, civil engineering, technical infrastructure, and an implementation plan. FCC-ee can be built with today’s technology. Most of the FCC-ee infrastructure could be reused for FCC-hh. Combining concepts from past and present lepton colliders and adding a few novel elements, the FCC-ee design promises outstandingly high luminosity. This will make the FCC-ee a unique precision instrument to study the heaviest known particles (Z, W and H bosons and the top quark), offering great direct and indirect sensitivity to new physics. © 2019, The Author(s).
2.	Abada, A., et al. (författare) FCC-hh : The Hadron Collider: Future Circular Collider Conceptual Design Report Volume 3 2019 Ingår i: The European Physical Journal Special Topics. - : SPRINGER HEIDELBERG. - 1951-6355 .- 1951-6401. ; 228:4, s. 755-1107 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In response to the 2013 Update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics (EPPSU), the Future Circular Collider (FCC) study was launched as a world-wide international collaboration hosted by CERN. The FCC study covered an energy-frontier hadron collider (FCC-hh), a highest-luminosity high-energy lepton collider (FCC-ee), the corresponding 100km tunnel infrastructure, as well as the physics opportunities of these two colliders, and a high-energy LHC, based on FCC-hh technology. This document constitutes the third volume of the FCC Conceptual Design Report, devoted to the hadron collider FCC-hh. It summarizes the FCC-hh physics discovery opportunities, presents the FCC-hh accelerator design, performance reach, and staged operation plan, discusses the underlying technologies, the civil engineering and technical infrastructure, and also sketches a possible implementation. Combining ingredients from the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the high-luminosity LHC upgrade and adding novel technologies and approaches, the FCC-hh design aims at significantly extending the energy frontier to 100TeV. Its unprecedented centre of-mass collision energy will make the FCC-hh a unique instrument to explore physics beyond the Standard Model, offering great direct sensitivity to new physics and discoveries.
3.	Abada, A., et al. (författare) Future Circular Collider : Vol. 2 The Lepton Collider (FCC-ee) 2019 Ingår i: Future Circular Collider. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract In response to the 2013 Update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics, the Future Circular Collider (FCC) study was launched, as an international collaboration hosted by CERN. This study covers a highest-luminosity high-energy lepton collider (FCC-ee) and an energy-frontier hadron collider (FCC-hh), which could, successively, be installed in the same 100 km tunnel. The scientific capabilities of the integrated FCC programme would serve the worldwide community throughout the 21st century. The FCC study also investigates an LHC energy upgrade, using FCC-hh technology. This document constitutes the second volume of the FCC Conceptual Design Report, devoted to the electron-positron collider FCC-ee. After summarizing the physics discovery opportunities, it presents the accelerator design, performance reach, a staged operation scenario, the underlying technologies, civil engineering, technical infrastructure, and an implementation plan. FCC-ee can be built with today’s technology. Most of the FCC-ee infrastructure could be reused for FCC-hh. Combining concepts from past and present lepton colliders and adding a few novel elements, the FCC-ee design promises outstandingly high luminosity. This will make the FCC-ee a unique precision instrument to study the heaviest known particles (Z, W and H bosons and the top quark), offering great direct and indirect sensitivity to new physics.
4.	Abada, A., et al. (författare) Future Circular Collider : Vol. 3 The Hadron Collider (FCC-hh) 2019 Ingår i: Future Circular Collider. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Particle physics has arrived at an important moment of its history. The discovery of the Higgs boson, with a mass of 125 GeV, completes the matrix of particles and interactions that has constituted the “Standard Model” for several decades. This model is a consistent and predictive theory, which has so far proven successful at describing all phenomena accessible to collider experiments. However, several experimental facts do require the extension of the Standard Model and explanations are needed for observations such as the abundance of matter over antimatter, the striking evidence for dark matter and the non-zero neutrino masses. Theoretical issues such as the hierarchy problem, and, more in general, the dynamical origin of the Higgs mechanism, do likewise point to the existence of physics beyond the Standard Model. This report contains the description of a novel research infrastructure based on a highest-energy hadron collider with a centre-of-mass collision energy of 100 TeV and an integrated luminosity of at least a factor of 5 larger than the HL-LHC. It will extend the current energy frontier by almost an order of magnitude. The mass reach for direct discovery will reach several tens of TeV, and allow, for example, to produce new particles whose existence could be indirectly exposed by precision measurements during the earlier preceding e+e– collider phase. This collider will also precisely measure the Higgs self-coupling and thoroughly explore the dynamics of electroweak symmetry breaking at the TeV scale, to elucidate the nature of the electroweak phase transition. WIMPs as thermal dark matter candidates will be discovered, or ruled out. As a single project, this particle collider infrastructure will serve the world-wide physics community for about 25 years and, in combination with a lepton collider (see FCC conceptual design report volume 2), will provide a research tool until the end of the 21st century. Collision energies beyond 100 TeV can be considered when using high-temperature superconductors. The European Strategy for Particle Physics (ESPP) update 2013 stated “To stay at the forefront of particle physics, Europe needs to be in a position to propose an ambitious post-LHC accelerator project at CERN by the time of the next Strategy update”. The FCC study has implemented the ESPP recommendation by developing a long-term vision for an “accelerator project in a global context”. This document describes the detailed design and preparation of a construction project for a post-LHC circular energy frontier collider “in collaboration with national institutes, laboratories and universities worldwide”, and enhanced by a strong participation of industrial partners. Now, a coordinated preparation effort can be based on a core of an ever-growing consortium of already more than 135 institutes worldwide. The technology for constructing a high-energy circular hadron collider can be brought to the technology readiness level required for constructing within the coming ten years through a focused R&D; programme. The FCC-hh concept comprises in the baseline scenario a power-saving, low-temperature superconducting magnet system based on an evolution of the Nb3Sn technology pioneered at the HL-LHC, an energy-efficient cryogenic refrigeration infrastructure based on a neon-helium (Nelium) light gas mixture, a high-reliability and low loss cryogen distribution infrastructure based on Invar, high-power distributed beam transfer using superconducting elements and local magnet energy recovery and re-use technologies that are already gradually introduced at other CERN accelerators. On a longer timescale, high-temperature superconductors can be developed together with industrial partners to achieve an even more energy efficient particle collider or to reach even higher collision energies.The re-use of the LHC and its injector chain, which also serve for a concurrently running physics programme, is an essential lever to come to an overall sustainable research infrastructure at the energy frontier. Strategic R&D; for FCC-hh aims at minimising construction cost and energy consumption, while maximising the socio-economic impact. It will mitigate technology-related risks and ensure that industry can benefit from an acceptable utility. Concerning the implementation, a preparatory phase of about eight years is both necessary and adequate to establish the project governance and organisation structures, to build the international machine and experiment consortia, to develop a territorial implantation plan in agreement with the host-states’ requirements, to optimise the disposal of land and underground volumes, and to prepare the civil engineering project. Such a large-scale, international fundamental research infrastructure, tightly involving industrial partners and providing training at all education levels, will be a strong motor of economic and societal development in all participating nations. The FCC study has implemented a set of actions towards a coherent vision for the world-wide high-energy and particle physics community, providing a collaborative framework for topically complementary and geographically well-balanced contributions. This conceptual design report lays the foundation for a subsequent infrastructure preparatory and technical design phase.
5.	Abada, A., et al. (författare) HE-LHC: The High-Energy Large Hadron Collider: Future Circular Collider Conceptual Design Report Volume 4 2019 Ingår i: European Physical Journal: Special Topics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1951-6355 .- 1951-6401. ; 228:5, s. 1109-1382 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In response to the 2013 Update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics (EPPSU), the Future Circular Collider (FCC) study was launched as a world-wide international collaboration hosted by CERN. The FCC study covered an energy-frontier hadron collider (FCC-hh), a highest-luminosity high-energy lepton collider (FCC-ee), the corresponding 100 km tunnel infrastructure, as well as the physics opportunities of these two colliders, and a high-energy LHC, based on FCC-hh technology. This document constitutes the third volume of the FCC Conceptual Design Report, devoted to the hadron collider FCC-hh. It summarizes the FCC-hh physics discovery opportunities, presents the FCC-hh accelerator design, performance reach, and staged operation plan, discusses the underlying technologies, the civil engineering and technical infrastructure, and also sketches a possible implementation. Combining ingredients from the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the high-luminosity LHC upgrade and adding novel technologies and approaches, the FCC-hh design aims at significantly extending the energy frontier to 100 TeV. Its unprecedented centre-of-mass collision energy will make the FCC-hh a unique instrument to explore physics beyond the Standard Model, offering great direct sensitivity to new physics and discoveries. © 2019, The Author(s).
6.	Abramowicz, H., et al. (författare) Conceptual design report for the LUXE experiment 2021 Ingår i: European Physical Journal-Special Topics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1951-6355 .- 1951-6401. ; 230:11, s. 2445-2560 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This Conceptual Design Report describes LUXE (Laser Und XFEL Experiment), an experimental campaign that aims to combine the high-quality and high-energy electron beam of the European XFEL with a powerful laser to explore the uncharted terrain of quantum electrodynamics characterised by both high energy and high intensity. We will reach this hitherto inaccessible regime of quantum physics by analysing high-energy electron-photon and photon-photon interactions in the extreme environment provided by an intense laser focus. The physics background and its relevance are presented in the science case which in turn leads to, and justifies, the ensuing plan for all aspects of the experiment: Our choice of experimental parameters allows (i) field strengths to be probed where the coupling to charges becomes non-perturbative and (ii) a precision to be achieved that permits a detailed comparison of the measured data with calculations. In addition, the high photon flux predicted will enable a sensitive search for new physics beyond the Standard Model. The initial phase of the experiment will employ an existing 40 TW laser, whereas the second phase will utilise an upgraded laser power of 350 TW. All expectations regarding the performance of the experimental set-up as well as the expected physics results are based on detailed numerical simulations throughout.
7.	Assmann, R. W., et al. (författare) EuPRAXIA Conceptual Design Report 2020 Ingår i: European Physical Journal: Special Topics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1951-6355 .- 1951-6401. ; 229:24, s. 3675-4284 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This report presents the conceptual design of a new European research infrastructure EuPRAXIA. The concept has been established over the last four years in a unique collaboration of 41 laboratories within a Horizon 2020 design study funded by the European Union. EuPRAXIA is the first European project that develops a dedicated particle accelerator research infrastructure based on novel plasma acceleration concepts and laser technology. It focuses on the development of electron accelerators and underlying technologies, their user communities, and the exploitation of existing accelerator infrastructures in Europe. EuPRAXIA has involved, amongst others, the international laser community and industry to build links and bridges with accelerator science — through realising synergies, identifying disruptive ideas, innovating, and fostering knowledge exchange. The Eu-PRAXIA project aims at the construction of an innovative electron accelerator using laser- and electron-beam-driven plasma wakefield acceleration that offers a significant reduction in size and possible savings in cost over current state-of-the-art radiofrequency-based accelerators. The foreseen electron energy range of one to five gigaelectronvolts (GeV) and its performance goals will enable versatile applications in various domains, e.g. as a compact free-electron laser (FEL), compact sources for medical imaging and positron generation, table-top test beams for particle detectors, as well as deeply penetrating X-ray and gamma-ray sources for material testing. EuPRAXIA is designed to be the required stepping stone to possible future plasma-based facilities, such as linear colliders at the high-energy physics (HEP) energy frontier. Consistent with a high-confidence approach, the project includes measures to retire risk by establishing scaled technology demonstrators. This report includes preliminary models for project implementation, cost and schedule that would allow operation of the full Eu-PRAXIA facility within 8—10 years. © 2020, The Author(s).
8.	Baladron, Carlos, et al. (författare) Bell inequality violation in the framework of a Darwinian approach to quantum mechanics 2019 Ingår i: The European Physical Journal Special Topics. - : Springer. - 1951-6355 .- 1951-6401. ; 227:15-16, s. 2119-2132 Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract A fundamental particle in physical space subject to conservation of momentum and energy, and characterized by its average mass and its position is methodologically supplemented with an information processor - a classical Turing machine - and a randomizer both defined on an information space localized on every particle. In this way the particle can be considered a generalized Darwinian system on which natural selection could act steering the evolution on the information space of the algorithms that govern the behaviour of the particles, giving rise plausibly to emergent quantum behaviour from initial randomness. This theory is applied to an EPR-Bohm experiment for electrons in order to analyse Bell inequality violation. A model for the entanglement of two particles has been considered. The model includes shared randomness - each particle stores its own randomizer and that of its partner - and the mutual transfer of their algorithms - sharing programs - that contain their respective anticipation modules. This fact enables every particle to anticipate not only the possible future configurations of its surrounding systems, but also those of the surrounding systems of its entangled partner. Thus, while preserving locality and realism, this theory implies outcome dependence - through shared randomness - and parameter dependence - through shared anticipation - for entangled states and, as a consequence, the violation of the Bell inequality in an EPR-Bohm experiment.
9.	Bashinov, A. V., et al. (författare) New horizons for extreme light physics with mega-science project XCELS 2014 Ingår i: European Physical Journal: Special Topics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1951-6401 .- 1951-6355. ; 223:6, s. 1105-1112 Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract A short review of the Russian mega-science project XCELS and scientific problems to be solved are presented. We discuss the origin of multi-beam design to attain the highest field magnitude at optimal focusing. Then, we formulate particular physical problems of fundamental interest that can be solved within this project.
10.	Belonoshko, Anatoly B., et al. (författare) Melting of a polycrystalline material 2013 Ingår i: The European Physical Journal Special Topics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1951-6355 .- 1951-6401. ; 216:1, s. 199-204 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Calculating the melting temperature of a solid with a known model of interaction between atoms is nowadays a comparatively simple task. However, when one simulates a single crystal by molecular dynamics method, it does not normally melt at the melting temperature. Instead, one has to significantly overheat it. Yet, a real material melts at the melting point. Here we investigate the impact of the defects and the grain boundaries on melting. We demonstrate that defects and grain boundaries have similar impact and make it possible to simulate melting in close vicinity of thermodynamic melting temperature. We also show that the Z method might be non-applicable in discriminating a stable submelting phase.
11.	Berg, M. C., et al. (författare) Water dynamics in glass ionomer cements 2016 Ingår i: European Physical Journal: Special Topics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1951-6355 .- 1951-6401. ; 225:4, s. 773-777 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Glass ionomer cements (GIC) are an alternative for preventive dentistry. However, these dental cements are complex systems where important motions related to the different states of the hydrogen atoms evolve in a confined porous structure. In this paper, we studied the water dynamics of two different liquids used to prepare either conventional or resin-modified glass ionomer cement. By combining thermal analysis with neutron scattering data we were able to relate the water structure in the liquids to the materials properties.
12.	Bhardwaj, Anshuman, et al. (författare) The challenges and possibilities of earthquake predictions using non-seismic precursors 2021 Ingår i: The European Physical Journal Special Topics. - : Springer. - 1951-6355 .- 1951-6401. ; 230:1, s. 367-380 Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract The catastrophic magnitude of life and monetary losses associated with earthquakes deserve serious attention and mitigation measures. However, in addition to the pre-earthquake and post-earthquake alleviation actions, the scientific community indeed needs to reconsider the possibilities of earthquake predictions using non-seismic precursors. A significant number of studies in the recent decades have reported several possible earthquake precursors such as anomalies in electric field, magnetic field, gas/aerosol emissions, ionospheric signals, ground water level, land surface temperature, surface deformations, animal behaviour, thermal infrared signals, atmospheric gravity waves, and lightning. Such substantial number of scientific articles and reported anomalous signals cannot be overlooked without a thoughtful appraisal. Here, we provide an opinion on the way forward for earthquake prediction in terms of challenges and possibilities while using non-seismic precursors. A general point of concern is the widely varying arrival times and the amplitudes of the anomalies, putting a question mark on their universal applicability as earthquake markers. However, a unifying concept which does not only define the physical basis of either all or most of these anomalies but which also streamlines their characterisation procedure must be the focus of future earthquake precursory research. Advancements in developing the adaptable instrumentation for in-situ observations of the claimed non-seismic precursors must be the next step and the satellite observations should not be taken as a replacement for field-based research. We support the need to standardise the precursor detection techniques and to employ a global-scale monitoring system for making any possible earthquake predictions reliable.
13.	Borge, M. J. G., et al. (författare) Mapping of the C-12* states via the B-10(He-3,p alpha alpha alpha) reaction 2007 Ingår i: European Physical Journal: Special Topics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1951-6401 .- 1951-6355. ; 150:1, s. 207-210 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We have studied C-12 in full kinematics via the B-10(He-3, p alpha alpha alpha) reaction at an energy of 2.45 MeV. In our data we have identified states in C-12 from the ground state up to about 18 MeV, with spins ranging from 0 to 4. Due to the very good resolution, we are able to determine properties of these C-12 resonances, such as their energy, width, and spin. In this contribution preliminary results from the ongoing analysis are presented. Main focus on the precise determination of the breakup spectra for all resonances.
14.	Boutami, R., et al. (författare) Structure of Ac-231 : Measurements of level half-lives 2007 Ingår i: European Physical Journal - Special Topics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1951-6355 .- 1951-6401. ; 150:1, s. 87-88 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract There is lack of knowledge of the structure of the Ac-231 nucleus located in the upper border of the island of octupole deformation centered around A = 225. We have populated the excited states in Ac-231 by beta-decay from the parent Ra-231 produced at ISOLDE, CERN. The low-energy structure of Ac-231 has been investigated by means of gamma, conversion electrons, gamma-gamma and gamma-e(-) spectroscopy. We report here in the precise determination in Ac-231 of the half-life of the most intensively populated states by the Advanced Time Delayed beta beta gamma(t) technique.
15.	Brasiello, Antonio, et al. (författare) From simple lattice models to systems of interacting particles : the role of stochastic regularity in transport models 2019 Ingår i: European Physical Journal: Special Topics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1951-6355 .- 1951-6401. ; 228:1, s. 93-109 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The concept of stochastic regularity in lattice models corresponds to the physical constraint that the lattice parameters defining particle stochastic motion (specifically, the lattice spacing and the hopping time) attain finite values. This assumption, that is physically well posed, as it corresponds to the existence of bounded mean free path and root mean square velocity, modifies the formulation of the classical hydrodynamic limit for lattice models of particle dynamics, transforming the resulting balance equations for the probability density function from parabolic to hyperbolic. Starting from simple, but non trivial, lattice models of non interacting particles, the article analyzes the role of stochastic regularity in the formulation of the hydrodynamic equations. Specifically, the case of multiphase lattice models is considered both in regular and disordered structures, and the way of including interaction potential within the hyperbolic transport formalism analyzed.
16.	Burgman, A., et al. (författare) The European Spallation Source neutrino super-beam conceptual design report 2022 Ingår i: The European Physical Journal Special Topics. - : Springer Nature. - 1951-6355 .- 1951-6401. ; 231:21, s. 3779-3955 Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract A design study, named ESSνSB for European Spallation Source neutrino Super Beam, has been carried out during the years 2018–2022 of how the 5 MW proton linear accelerator of the European Spallation Source under construction in Lund, Sweden, can be used to produce the world’s most intense long-baseline neutrino beam. The high beam intensity will allow for measuring the neutrino oscillations near the second oscillation maximum at which the CP violation signal is close to three times higher than at the first maximum, where other experiments measure. This will enable CP violation discovery in the leptonic sector for a wider range of values of the CP violating phase δCPδCP and, in particular, a higher precision measurement of δCPδCP. The present Conceptual Design Report describes the results of the design study of the required upgrade of the ESS linac, of the accumulator ring used to compress the linac pulses from 2.86 ms to 1.2 μs, and of the target station, where the 5 MW proton beam is used to produce the intense neutrino beam. It also presents the design of the near detector, which is used to monitor the neutrino beam as well as to measure neutrino cross sections, and of the large underground far detector located 360 km from ESS, where the magnitude of the oscillation appearance of νe from νμ is measured. The physics performance of the ESSνSB research facility has been evaluated demonstrating that after 10 years of data-taking, leptonic CP violation can be detected with more than 5 standard deviation significance over 70% of the range of values that the CP violation phase angle δCPδCP can take and that δCPδCP can be measured with a standard error less than 8° irrespective of the measured value of δCPδCP. These results demonstrate the uniquely high physics performance of the proposed ESSνSBESSνSB research facility.
17.	Calvani, P., et al. (författare) Infrared spectroscopy of two-dimensional electron systems 2019 Ingår i: European Physical Journal: Special Topics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1951-6401 .- 1951-6355. ; 228:3, s. 669-673 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract © 2019, EDP Sciences, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature. We have used grazing-angle infrared spectroscopy with polarized radiation to detect the Berreman effect (BE) in the two-dimensional electron systems (2DES) which form spontaneously at two interfaces: one between an amorphous film LaAlO3 and its SrTiO3 substrate (LAO/STO), and another at the interface between the topological insulator (TI) Bi2Se3 and its sapphire substrate. In both systems we have thus extracted the 2DES parameters at different temperatures. In the quasi-2DES under amorphous LAO, the surface density ns is higher than under crystalline LAO, while the mobility is nearly the same and the thickness d is 7 nm. In ultrapure Bi2Se3 on sapphire, preliminary data provided d
18.	Cayao, Jorge, et al. (författare) Finite length effect on supercurrents between trivial and topological superconductors 2018 Ingår i: The European Physical Journal Special Topics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1951-6355 .- 1951-6401. ; 227:12, s. 1387-1396 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We numerically analyze the effect of finite length of the superconducting regions on the low-energy spectrum, current-phase curves, and critical currents in junctions between trivial and topological superconductors. Such junctions are assumed to arise in nanowires with strong spin-orbit coupling under external magnetic fields and proximity-induced superconductivity. We show that all these quantities exhibit a strong dependence on the length of the topological sector in the topological phase and serve as indicators of the topological phase and thus the emergence of Majorana bound states at the end of the topological superconductor.
19.	Cayao, Jorge, et al. (författare) Odd-frequency superconducting pairing in one-dimensional systems 2020 Ingår i: The European Physical Journal Special Topics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1951-6355 .- 1951-6401. ; 229:4, s. 545-575 Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract Odd-frequency superconductivity represents a truly unconventional ordered state which, in contrast to conventional superconductivity, exhibits pair correlations which are odd in relative time and, hence, inherently dynamical. In this review article we provide an overview of recent advances in the study of odd-frequency superconducting correlations in one-dimensional systems. In particular, we focus on recent developments in the study of nanowires with Rashba spin-orbit coupling and metallic edges of two-dimensional topological insulators in proximity to conventional superconductors. These systems have recently elicited a great deal of interest due to their potential for realizing one-dimensional topological superconductivity whose edges can host Majorana zero modes. We also provide a detailed discussion of the intimate relationship between Majorana zero modes and odd-frequency pairing. Throughout this review, we highlight the ways in which odd-frequency pairing provides a deeper understanding of the unconventional superconducting correlations present in each of these intriguing systems and how the study and control of these states holds the potential for future applications.
20.	Cirillo, Emilio N.M., et al. (författare) A lattice model approach to the morphology formation from ternary mixtures during the evaporation of one component 2019 Ingår i: The European Physical Journal Special Topics. - : Springer. - 1951-6355 .- 1951-6401. ; 228:1, s. 55-68 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Stimulated by experimental evidence in the field of solution-born thin films, we study the morphology formation in a three state lattice system subjected to the evaporation of one component. The practical problem that we address is the understanding of the parameters that govern morphology formation from a ternary mixture upon evaporation, as is the case in the fabrication of thin films from solution for organic photovoltaics. We use, as a tool, a generalized version of the Potts and Blume-Capel models in 2D, with the Monte Carlo Kawasaki-Metropolis algorithm, to simulate the phase behaviour of a ternary mixture upon evaporation of one of its components. The components with spin 1, −1 and 0 in the Blume-Capel dynamics correspond to the electron-acceptor, electron-donor and solvent molecules, respectively, in a ternary mixture used in the preparation of the active layer films in an organic solar cell. Furthermore, we introduce parameters that account for the relative composition of the mixture, temperature, and interaction between the species in the system. We identify the parameter regions that are prone to facilitate the phase separation. Furthermore, we study qualitatively the types of formed configurations. We show that even a relatively simple model, as the present one, can generate key morphological features, similar to those observed in experiments, which proves the method valuable for the study of complex systems.
21.	Dion, Claude, et al. (författare) Controllable 3D atomic Brownian motor in optical lattices 2008 Ingår i: The European Physical Journal - Special Topics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1951-6355 .- 1951-6401. ; 159:1, s. 11-17 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We study a Brownian motor, based on cold atoms in optical lattices, where atomic motion can be induced in a controlled manner in an arbitrary direction, by rectification of isotropic random fluctuations. In contrast with ratchet mechanisms, our Brownian motor operates in a potential that is spatially and temporally symmetric, in apparent contradiction to the Curie principle. Simulations, based on the Fokker-Planck equation, allow us to gain knowledge on the qualitative behaviour of our Brownian motor. Studies of Brownian motors, and in particular ones with unique control properties, are of fundamental interest because of the role they play in protein motors and their potential applications in nanotechnology. In particular, our system opens the way to the study of quantum Brownian motors.
22.	Dodig-Crnkovic, Gordana, 1955- (författare) Nature as a Network of Morphological Infocomputational Processes for Cognitive Agents 2017 Ingår i: The European Physical Journal Special Topics. - Heidelberg, Germany : Springer. - 1951-6355 .- 1951-6401. ; 226:2, s. 181-195 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This paper presents a view of nature as a network of infocomputational agents organized in a dynamical hierarchy of levels. It provides a framework for unification of currently disparate understandings of natural, formal, technical, behavioral and social phenomena based on information as a structure, differences in one system that cause the differences in another system, and computation as its dynamics, i.e. physical process of morphological change in the informational structure. We address some of the frequent misunderstandings regarding the natural/morphological computational models and their relationships to physical systems, especially cognitive systems such as living beings. Natural morphological infocomputation as a conceptual framework necessitates generalization of models of computation beyond the traditional Turing machine model presenting symbol manipulation, and requires agent-based concurrent resource-sensitive models of computation in order to be able to cover the whole range of phenomena from physics to cognition. The central role of agency, particularly material vs. cognitive agency is highlighted.
23.	Donges, Jonathan F., et al. (författare) Event coincidence analysis for quantifying statistical interrelationships between event time series 2016 Ingår i: The European Physical Journal Special Topics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1951-6355 .- 1951-6401. ; 225:3, s. 471-487 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Studying event time series is a powerful approach for analyzing the dynamics of complex dynamical systems in many fields of science. In this paper, we describe the method of event coincidence analysis to provide a framework for quantifying the strength, directionality and time lag of statistical interrelationships between event series. Event coincidence analysis allows to formulate and test null hypotheses on the origin of the observed interrelationships including tests based on Poisson processes or, more generally, stochastic point processes with a prescribed inter-event time distribution and other higher-order properties. Applying the framework to country-level observational data yields evidence that flood events have acted as triggers of epidemic outbreaks globally since the 1950s. Facing projected future changes in the statistics of climatic extreme events, statistical techniques such as event coincidence analysis will be relevant for investigating the impacts of anthropogenic climate change on human societies and ecosystems worldwide.
24.	Duong, M. H., et al. (författare) Discrete and continuum links to a nonlinear coupled transport problem of interacting populations 2017 Ingår i: The European Physical Journal Special Topics. - : Springer. - 1951-6355 .- 1951-6401. ; 226:10, s. 2345-2357 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We are interested in exploring interacting particle systemsthat can be seen as microscopic models for a particular structure ofcoupled transport flux arising when different populations are jointlyevolving. The scenarios we have in mind are inspired by the dynamicsof pedestrian flows in open spaces and are intimately connectedto cross-diffusion and thermo-diffusion problems holding a variationalstructure. The tools we use include a suitable structure of the relativeentropy controlling TV-norms, the construction of Lyapunov functionalsand particular closed-form solutions to nonlinear transport equations,a hydrodynamics limiting procedure due to Philipowski, as wellas the construction of numerical approximates to both the continuumlimit problem in 2D and to the original interacting particle systems.
25.	Echtermeyer, T. J., et al. (författare) Graphene field-effect devices 2007 Ingår i: The European Physical Journal Special Topics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1951-6355 .- 1951-6401. ; 148:1, s. 19-26 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In this article, graphene is investigated with respect to its electronic properties when introduced into field effect devices ( FED). With the exception of manual graphene deposition, conventional top-down CMOS-compatible processes are applied. Few and monolayer graphene sheets are characterized by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The electrical properties of monolayer graphene sandwiched between two silicon dioxide films are studied. Carrier mobilities in graphene pseudo-MOS structures are compared to those obtained from double-gated Graphene-FEDs and silicon metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect-transistors ( MOSFETs).

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