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1.	Bocken, Nancy M.P., et al. (författare) Business model experimentation for sustainability 2016 Ingår i: Sustainable Design and Manufacturing 2016. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2190-3026 .- 2190-3018. - 9783319320960 ; 52, s. 297-306 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Business experimentation is a key avenue for accelerating change for sustainability. In contrast to experimentation in natural sciences, benefitting from controlled situations, business experimentation aims to explore the diverse possibilities that a business could create value from, or understand what works in which particular situations in a real life business context. While at present most popular with start-ups, this paper argues that large businesses can also find inspiration in business experimentation to develop sustainable business models and accelerate positive change for sustainability. Five illustrative cases are included of business experimentation for sustainability by focusing on pivots (modifications) in the business model. This paper only scratches the surface of the potential impactful new research field of business (model) experimentation for sustainability. Future work on sustainable business experimentation for start-ups and mature businesses is viewed as a powerful future research avenue to accelerate change in industries.
2.	Bocken, Nancy M.P., et al. (författare) Circular business model experimentation : Concept and approaches 2019 Ingår i: Sustainable Design and Manufacturing - Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Sustainable Design and Manufacturing KES-SDM-18. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2190-3018 .- 2190-3026. - 9783030042899 ; 130, s. 239-250 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract This paper aims to provide conceptual insight on ‘Circular business model experimentation’ by exploring the concept and potential approaches to pursue. The Circular Economy can be a successful driver for change by focusing efforts on economic and environmental issues while also addressing socio-economic challenges such as (un)employment. The business model of firms is viewed as a systematic driver for change in a company, bringing together the various elements of the way of doing business: the value proposition (what value is proposed and to whom); value creation and delivery (how this value is provided) and value capture (how money is made and other forms of value are captured). To develop and validate novel business models, experimentation is needed. While experimentation has been prominent in natural sciences, economics and transitions management literature, it has not yet mainstreamed as a potential business approach, despite the fact that it has been heralded as a key driver for competitiveness and sustainability success. This paper explores the concept of Circular Business Model Experimentation by addressing the following questions: What is Circular Business Model Experimentation? What approaches are available for business? Based on this, suggestions for future research and practice on circular business model experimentation are developed.
3.	Bocken, Nancy, et al. (författare) Slowing resource loops in the circular economy : An experimentation approach in fashion retail 2019 Ingår i: Sustainable Design and Manufacturing - Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Sustainable Design and Manufacturing KES-SDM-18. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2190-3026 .- 2190-3018. - 9783030042899 ; 130, s. 164-173 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract The Circular Economy is viewed as an important driver for resolving resource issues and tackling sustainability issues more broadly. The fashion industry operates in a largely linear way and suffers from various environmental, societal and economic challenges. In a Circular Economy, first and foremost, products need to be retained at the highest level, thus slowing resource loops. Slowing resource loops goes against current fast fashion trends and therefore appears the most difficult approach to pursue. This paper investigates how a large established retailer aims to slow resource loops as part of a broader project targeted to significantly reduce textile waste to landfill. The retailer collaborated with a university partner to pursue circular business model experiments. This paper reports on the approach for a slowing resource loops experiment around building sewing capabilities. Suggestions for future research and practice on circular business model experimentation are included.
4.	Cao, Danni, et al. (författare) Accessing the Influences of Weather and Environment Factors on Traffic Speed of Freeway 2020 Ingår i: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. - Singapore : Springer Singapore. - 2190-3026 .- 2190-3018. ; 185, s. 53-67 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Traffic speed has been traditionally used as a measure of traffic performance. Predicting the traffic speed is fundamental for efficient traffic management and control strategy. This study explores the influences of freeway attributes, weather, and air condition on traffic speed. A quantitative model is also introduced to predict the traffic speed as per the identified influencing factors. Empirical data of traffic flow and potential influencing factors are collected from multiple sources for analysis and model calibration. The principal component analysis is firstly conducted to select the significant variables influencing the traffic speed. Afterward, a multiple linear regression model is calibrated to quantitatively model the impacts of different factors and investigate their weights. The results show that the attributes of freeway, the humidity of the area, the temperature, the horizontal visibility, the station maker, the air quality, and the PM quality have influences on the traffic speed. Among all of the variables, the weight of the existence of toll station is highest, indicating the largest influence on the traffic speed.
5.	Carlsson, Raul, et al. (författare) Managing Circular Electric Vehicle Battery Lifecycles Using Standards 2024 Ingår i: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. - : Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. - 2190-3018 .- 2190-3026. ; 377, s. 63-77 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The electric vehicle (EV) market and its implied battery resource management are in large and fast expansion. The European Union is developing directives for digital product passport for batteries, where much understanding and knowledge of battery management are quickly growing. Coordinating standards that can harmonize circular battery management and spread best practices is therefore in high demand. This research presents a review of existing standards that support managing circular EV battery lifecycles. It was performed to understand the maturity of the circular battery lifecycle, regarding battery performance and safety to workers, EV passengers, and the environment. The review structure was made by positioning standards to key steps throughout the circular battery lifecycle, highlighting steps where handling, producing, testing, servicing, and remanufacturing could be expected to support harmonization and guidance. The scope was limited to mainly lithium-ion batteries for vehicle traction but also included general standards concerning recycling, safe battery handling, and environmental management. The resulting mapping summarizes a catalog of existing and upcoming standards. It shows that many important standards are available. Much still needs to be developed, especially with regard to tests for reused batteries’ health and performance and with regard to how to synchronize performance specifications along and across the circular life cycle stages. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first attempt to provide such a comprehensive overview of standards that covers the whole circular electric vehicle battery lifecycles.
6.	Chen, Jingxu, et al. (författare) A modelling framework of drone deployment for monitoring air pollution from ships 2019 Ingår i: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2190-3026 .- 2190-3018. ; 98, s. 281-288 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Sulphur oxide (SOx) emissions impose a serious health threat to the residents and a substantial cost to the local environment. In many countries and regions, ocean-going vessels are mandated to use low-sulphur fuel when docking at emission control areas. Recently, drones have been identified as an efficient way to detect non-compliance of ships, as they offer the advantage of covering a wide range of surveillance areas. To date, the managerial perspective of the deployment of a fleet of drones to inspect air pollution from ships has not been addressed yet. In this paper, we propose a modelling framework of drone deployment. It contains three components: drone scheduling at the operational level, drone assignment at the tactical level and drone base station location at the strategic level.
7.	Fan, Jieyu, et al. (författare) Evaluating the Impact of Signal Control on Emissions at Intersections 2022 Ingår i: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. - Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore. - 2190-3026 .- 2190-3018. ; 304 SIST, s. 104-111 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Transport emission has become an increasingly serious problem, and it is an urgent issue in sustainable transport. In this study, by constructing traffic emission models for different vehicle types and operating conditions, the changes in CO, HC, and NOx emissions of light-duty and heavy-duty vehicles before and after signal control optimization were quantified based on VISSIM simulation. The OBEAS-3000 vehicle emission testing device was used to collect data on the micro-operational characteristics of different vehicles under different operating conditions as well as traffic emission data. Based on the data collected, the VSP (Vehicle Specific Power) model combined with the VISSIM traffic simulation platform was used to calculate the emissions of light and heavy vehicles in the mixed traffic flow before and after intersection signal optimization. It is known from the study that signal control optimization has a greater impact on heavy vehicles than on light vehicles. Emissions of CO, HC, and NOx from heavy vehicles and light vehicles are all reduced, but NOx emissions from light vehicles remain largely unchanged. The research results reveal the emission patterns of light and heavy vehicles in different micro-operating conditions and establish a traffic emission model. It provides a theoretical basis for accurate traffic emission analysis and traffic flow optimization, as well as a scientific basis for the formulation of traffic management measures and emission reduction in large city transport systems.
8.	Gao, Jianqiang, et al. (författare) Investigating the Influence of ADAS on Drivers’ Evasive Behaviors During Car-Following on Highways 2022 Ingår i: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. - Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore. - 2190-3026 .- 2190-3018. ; 304 SIST, s. 22-31 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Various advanced driving assistance systems (ADAS) are designed to help drivers make reasonable evasive decisions in emergency conditions. However, different drivers have different perceptions of driving risks, resulting in differences in the choice of evasive behaviors (e.g., car-following, overtaking, etc.). To explorer the impact of ADAS on vehicle interaction behaviors under dangerous conditions, this study objectively assessed how ADAS affected drivers’ choice of evasive behaviors in near-crash events (NCEs). An on-road experiment was conducted on public highways in real traffic. The dangerous driving data of NCEs in different working states of ADAS (i.e., activated or not) were collected and combined to classify NCEs’ risk levels: lower, medium, and higher based on the K-means clustering results. Drivers’ evasive behaviors during ADAS engagement (i.e., during the use of the forward collision warning system) were then found closely associated with NCEs’ risk levels. Differences of probabilities for evasive behaviors were further compared within and across the three risk groups. Results showed that ADAS engagement has a positive impact on reducing the occurrence of NCEs and reduces the probability that drivers in medium and high-risk groups choose overtaking behavior. ADAS engagement can help drivers maintain a greater time headway (THW) when taking evasive action. Findings in this study could optimize ADAS intervention strategies and further enhance the ability of safe driving assistance.
9.	Gao, Kun, 1993, et al. (författare) How to Model the Influence of In-vehicle Crowding on Travel Behavior: A Comparison Among Moderation, Independent Variable and Interaction 2020 Ingår i: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. - Singapore : Springer Singapore. - 2190-3026 .- 2190-3018. ; 185, s. 41-52 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Accurate modeling of travel choice behavior is crucial for effective transport demand forecasting, management and planning. This study tries to shed light on the appropriate modeling approach concerning the influences of in-vehicle crowding on mode choice behavior in the multimodal network. Stated preference surveys covering four commuting transport modes and four influencing factors are conducted to collect empirical behavior data. Three modeling methods, treating the in-vehicle crowding as a moderator of perceived travel time, as an independent variable and by incorporating interaction effect, are empirically compared. The result indicates that there is a bidirectional interaction between travel time and in-vehicle crowding. The influence of in-vehicle crowding increases with increasing travel time and vice versa. Considering crowding as an independent variable and taking the effects of travel time on the perception of in-vehicle crowding are the best ways to depict the overall influences of in-vehicle crowding. The sensitivity analysis shows that increasing the cost of using car is comparatively effective for reducing car usage. Shortening the travel time of public transit and improving service quality such as travel time reliability and in-vehicle crowding are more useful in attracting car users as compared to reduction in the cost of public transit. The results provide insights into travelers’ behavior in the multimodal network and could support scientific transport management and planning.
10.	Gao, Kun, 1993, et al. (författare) Modeling Measurements Towards Effect of Past Behavior on Travel Behavior 2021 Ingår i: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. - Singapore : Springer Singapore. - 2190-3026 .- 2190-3018. ; 231, s. 141-157 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract The inertia effect of past behavior has attracted attention in the travel behavioral literature because of its bearing on travel choice modeling. Several measurements have been proposed to model the inertia effects. However, no consensus concerning appropriate modelling methods is reached, which leads to potential biases in analysis. The study aims to conduct a comprehensive investigation of modeling measurements regarding inertia effects of past behavior from the perspectives of estimation, behavioral indications and predictions. Differing from existing literature that only focused on estimation performance, we examine the performances of different methods in predictions and behavioral interpretations. To our best knowledge, these aspects are not investigated in the literature based on empirical data. The necessary information for constructing the measurements, underlying consumption, significance in estimation, behaviorally implausible issue, performances in estimation and predictions for these measurements are all compared based on behavioral data. The results shed lights on performances and suitability of different measurements for inertia effects in terms of estimation, behavioral interpretation and prediction, which support the further investigations of past behavior on travelers’ choice behavior.
11.	Gebresenbet, Girma (författare) Managing logistics and supply chain in rural areas: A systematic analysis of the literature and future directions 2021 Ingår i: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2190-3018 .- 2190-3026. ; , s. 157-166 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Despite half of the world population lives not in metropolitan areas but in sparsely populated zones, the rural contexts have been at the periphery of logistics and supply chain management research. The main aim of this paper is to explore the state-of-the-art of the literature on rural supply chain management using a systematic approach. A sample of 51 papers from different disciplines with a management focus have been retrieved and analysed in details. A literature classification framework based on three different topic areas and related sub-topic areas was proposed. Seven research gaps have been identified that may inspire future research in this area. Interestingly, none of the papers identified has an explicit focus on the link between rural supply chain management and local development. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first attempting to collect, analyse and classify scientific papers related to rural supply chain management.
12.	Genze, Li, et al. (författare) A Novel Longitudinal Control Strategy of Connected Automated Vehicle in Heterogeneous Traffic Flow and String Stability Analysis 2023 Ingår i: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. - 2190-3026 .- 2190-3018. ; 356, s. 149-160 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract To cope with the randomness derived from the human driving in heterogeneous traffic consists of human-driving vehicles and connected automated vehicles (CAVS), a longitudinal car-following control strategy of CAV is proposed based on the original Intelligent Driver Model (IDM) model and model predictive control (MPC) structure. The string stability of heterogeneous platoon is verified by head-to-tail string stability criteria. Results indicate the strategy proposed can reflect the relationship between the speed and string stability and prove the adaptability to different traffic conditions.
13.	Håkansson, Anne Kristin, et al. (författare) Preface 2013 Ingår i: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. - 2190-3018 .- 2190-3026. ; 22 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
14.	Kong, Xiangyu, et al. (författare) An Online Processing Method for the Cooperative Control of Connected and Automated Vehicle Platoons 2021 Ingår i: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. - Singapore : Springer Singapore. - 2190-3026 .- 2190-3018. ; 231, s. 133-139 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract The recent development of connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) makes it increasingly realistic to develop the next generation of transportation systems with the potential to improve operational performance and flexibility. The cooperative control of CAV platoons remains one of the most crucial yet challenging problems before the CAVs can be widely implemented in practice. The present study focuses on an application of CAVs at signalized intersections to realize a well-organized CAV permutation as well as improving the performance of the intersection. An online processing A* (OPA) algorithm is developed to improve the optimality and computation performance. A comparative analysis between the proposed OPA algorithm and an existing A* method is made. In summary, the OPA* could result in stable and scalable results which makes it possible for widely industrial usage.
15.	Liu, Hua, et al. (författare) Optimizing the Deployment of Automated Speed Camera at the Intersections Using GPS Trajectories 2023 Ingår i: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. - 2190-3026 .- 2190-3018. ; 356, s. 55-65 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract The economical and rational deployment of automated speed camera is a critical issue for traffic police department to implement speed management efficiently. Based on taxi GPS trajectories collected from Chengdu, 2016, this study optimizes the deployment interval and number of ASCs at the intersections by using K-means clustering and kernel density estimation according to the critical mixed distance halo effect and the delta speed distribution, respectively. Results illustrate that speeding is more likely to happen within the speed limit of 40 km/h rather than 60 km/h. From the whole perspective, with the growing deployment number of ASCs, the upstream distance halo effects gradually increase, while the downstream distance halo effects gradually decrease within the range of about 4500 m. Given that the interaction between two adjacent ASCs, the critical mixed distance halo effect of ASCs is about 215 m and 529 m corresponding to the smaller and larger values of critical delta speed in the northeast direction respectively, and about 315 m and 585 m in the southwest direction. Generally, one ASC should be deployed every 500 m and 600 m within the speed limit of 60 km/h, and every 200 m and 300 m within the speed limit of 40 km/h in the northeast and southwest directions, respectively.
16.	Mahdiraji, Saeid Amouzad, et al. (författare) An Optimization Model for the Tradeoff Between Efficiency and Equity for Mobile Stroke Unit Placement 2021 Ingår i: Innovation in Medicine and Healthcare. - Singapore : Springer. - 2190-3026 .- 2190-3018. - 9789811630125 - 9789811630132 ; , s. 183-193 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract A mobile stroke unit (MSU) is an ambulance, where stroke patients can be diagnosed and treated. Recently, placement of MSUs has been studied focusing on either maximum population coverage or equal service for all patients, termed efficiency and equity, respectively. In this study, we propose an unconstrained optimization model for the placement of MSUs, designed to introduce a tradeoff between efficiency and equity. The tradeoff is based on the concepts of weighted average time to treatment and the time difference between the expected time to treatment for different geographical areas. We conduct a case-study for Sweden’s Southern Health care Region (SHR), generating three scenarios (MSU1, MSU2, and MSU3) including 1, 2, and 3 MSUs, respectively. We show that our proposed optimization model can tune the tradeoff between the efficiency and equity perspectives for the MSU(s) allocation. This enables a high level of equal service for most inhabitants, as well as reducing the time to treatment for most inhabitants of a geographic region. In particular, placing three MSUs in the SHR with the proposed tradeoff, the share of inhabitants who are expected to receive treatment within an hour potentially improved by about a factor of 14 in our model.
17.	Meng, Zhiwei, 1996, et al. (författare) Interaction-Aware Trajectory Prediction for Autonomous Vehicle Based on LSTM-MLP Model 2023 Ingår i: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. - 2190-3026 .- 2190-3018. ; 356, s. 91-99 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Trajectory prediction is one of the core functions of the autonomous vehicle, it greatly affects the rationality and safety of the decision-making module and the planning module. This is challenging because the motion of the target vehicle is affected by the interactive behavior of its surrounding vehicles. In this paper, we propose the interaction-aware trajectory prediction model for autonomous vehicles based on LSTM-MLP model. The encoder module encoded the history trajectories to extract the dynamic feature of each vehicle in the scenarios by the LSTM model, and then the interaction module captures the interactive feature using the MLP-Max Pooling model. In the end, the decoder module decodes the fusion feature which consists of the dynamic feature of the target vehicle and the interactive feature to output the future trajectory based on the LSTM model. The experiments are carried out on the publicly available NGSIM dataset, and the results show that the proposed model outperforms prior works in terms of RMSE value.
18.	Orlovska, Julia, 1977, et al. (författare) Capturing customer profile enables in-vehicle user identification: Design for data-based user behavior evaluation 2019 Ingår i: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. - Singapore : Springer Singapore. - 2190-3026 .- 2190-3018. ; 135, s. 665-675 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract The majority of user-related studies have been focused on finding similarities and discrepancies in different user behavior patterns. User identification therefore plays a critical role for user-related studies. However, the concept of shared vehicles, where various users have different behavioral patterns that can be joined and mixed under the same vehicle ID, brings greater complexity to the process of user differentiation. In order to be able to separate users’ data in shared vehicles, a method for customer profile capturing is proposed. The method design is based on comparisons of every drive cycle to the previously saved data. As a result, this allows with a certain level of likelihood identification of users for every drive cycle. This method design enables the possibility of big data use in more advanced user-related studies.
19.	Parishwad, Omkar, 1987, et al. (författare) Prospects of the Activity-Based Modelling Approach: A Review of Sweden’s Transport Model- SAMPERS 2023 Ingår i: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. - : Springer. - 2190-3026 .- 2190-3018. - 9789819932832 ; 356, s. 139-148 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract The rapid changes in global development scenarios, such as technological advancements, lifestyle decisions and climate change, call for updated transport models to test micro-level policy decisions. This paper explores the advances in activity-based transport modelling in simulating travel demand in urban scenarios, focusing on Sweden’s National Transport model. Sampers is used for impact analysis, investment calculations for traffic simulations, transport policy implementation evaluations, and accessibility and impact analysis of extensive changes in land use and transport systems in cities and regions of Sweden. This research systematically compares individual components, sub-models, and algorithms and discusses integrations with cutting-edge agent-based models. Furthermore, recent research and projects for Sampers are investigated, highlighting its advantages over current models, potential gaps and limitations, and long-term development prospects. The study concludes by cross-referencing Sampers’ global developments and regional needs to assess its long-term development prospects.
20.	Peci, Gentrina, et al. (författare) Usage Pattern Analysis of e-scooter Sharing System: A Case Study in Gothenburg, Sweden 2022 Ingår i: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. - Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore. - 2190-3026 .- 2190-3018. ; 304 SIST, s. 123-132 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Swedish cities are embracing shared micro-mobility systems (SMMS) such as e-scooters sharing systems to promote sustainable travel behavior in urban contexts with corresponding infrastructure planning. SMMS is associated with various social, environmental, and economic benefits, as well as providing solutions for the first- and the last-mile problem of using public transit. This study analyzes the usage patterns of e-scooter systems, based on the scooter operation data of VOI company in Gothenburg, Sweden. The used data cover the transaction data of two and half months during the summer and include over five hundred thousand valid trip records. The result shows that most trips travel a distance between 0.5–1.8 km while the duration lasts between 4–7 min. Fridays and Saturdays are the most popular days while Sunday is the least popular day. The number of trips on Sundays decreases by about 60% compared to Fridays and Saturdays. Moreover, the e-scooters are used to varying degrees in the different areas of Gothenburg. The e-scooters are used at a much higher extent in central Gothenburg compared to areas outside the city center. This can be due to several different factors such as location, land use, and accessibility. Lastly, the results show that the e-scooters are not primarily used for commuting but rather for leisure, which can be seen in the average distance and duration of the entire zone as well as the temporal distribution.
21.	Qi, Jingwen, et al. (författare) Emission Evaluation of Marine Traffic 2020 Ingår i: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. - Singapore : Springer Singapore. - 2190-3026 .- 2190-3018. ; 185, s. 201-211 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Air pollution is an issue that has been widespread concern in all sectors of society. The pollutants, including toxic gases, greenhouse gases, and particulate matters, have permeated every aspect of our daily life and have a negative impact on human health, agriculture, industry, and climate change. Found by hard and thorough search, the human activities account for the majority and the transport sector is one of the most challenging areas, when it comes to abatement of local air pollution. Marine traffic, which covers over 80% of international trade, is mainly powered by cheap fuel oil with high impurities, so it will affect the social welfare of the coastal areas. Various measures that can be adopted to alleviate the problem to customize suitable regulations through research of the emission from shipping should be conducted. Also, the emission evaluation is critical to measure the efficiency of the regulation. Therefore, following the main steps of Ship Traffic Emissions Assessment Model, we summarize an activity-based framework of shipping emission evaluation that takes advantage of data from automatic identification system.
22.	Qi, Jingwen, et al. (författare) Shore Power Price Competition Between Ports 2020 Ingår i: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. - Singapore : Springer Singapore. - 2190-3026 .- 2190-3018. ; 185, s. 189-199 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Air pollution and climate change arouse consistent attention of international community. Shipping industry, being one of the most important transport methods, carries more than 80% of the total international trade and has been recognized as a potential source of air pollutant mitigation. In order to reduce emissions of marine traffic, especially in the area of coastal waters, regulations about the quality of marine fuel have been carried out, and the maximum sulphur content allowed for marine fuel becomes increasingly stringent as time goes by. In order to comply with the regulations, shipping has to take various measures, including adopting electric power from shore while berthing. Shore-side electricity, also called cold ironing, refers to the use of electricity from shore side while berthing at the port instead of auxiliary engine. In recent years, shore power has been adopted in an increasing number of ports; in China, most ports are able to provide shore power for ships while berthing. For ships with shore power facilities, the price of shore-side electricity is an element that can influence their choice of port to visit. It is an incentive for ports to lower the power price. This paper tends to investigate what is the best price to maximize the port’s total benefit in the competition with other ports in the same group. In order to describe the competition among ports, game theory is applied, and the Bertrand model is adopted.
23.	Qiu, Chen, et al. (författare) A Network-Wide Traffic Speed Estimation Model with Gaussian Process Inference 2023 Ingår i: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. - 2190-3026 .- 2190-3018. ; 356, s. 221-228 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Accurate urban road traffic speed analysis and prediction are important for the application of intelligent transportation systems. However, the limited and inefficient traffic state monitoring infrastructure installed on urban roads makes it difficult to monitor the traffic state of an entire network. Moreover, the complex characteristics of urban road networks may lead to difficulties for traditional statistical and traffic flow models in dealing with this type of complex relationship. Therefore, this study proposes a network-wide traffic speed estimation model with full spatial and temporal coverage and selects floating vehicle trajectory data in an actual road network for experiments. The results show that the proposed model can accurately estimate the full spatiotemporal traffic state of a traffic network with only partial data input. This method can be effectively applied to urban road state estimation and can provide a scientific basis for traffic management departments to formulate congestion mitigation strategies.
24.	Qu, Xiaobo, 1983, et al. (författare) Preface 2019 Ingår i: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. - 2190-3026 .- 2190-3018. ; 149, s. vii-vii Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
25.	Qu, Xiaobo, 1983, et al. (författare) Preface 2020 Ingår i: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. - 2190-3026 .- 2190-3018. ; 185, s. v-v Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)

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