| 1. |
- Almulla, Youssef, et al.
(författare)
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Hydropower and climate change, insights from the integrated water-energy modelling of the Drin Basin
- 2023
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Ingår i: Energy Strategy Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 2211-467X .- 2211-4688. ; 48
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The understanding of the transboundary impact of Climate Change on hydropower is not well-established in the literature, where few studies take a system perspective to understand the relative roles of different technological solutions for coordinated water and energy management. This study contributes to addressing this gap by introducing an open-source, long-term, technologically-detailed water and energy resources cost-minimisation model for the Drin River Basin, built in OSeMOSYS.The analysis shows that climate change results in a 15-52% annual decline in hydro generation from the basin by mid-century. Albania needs to triple its investments in solar and wind to mitigate the risk of climate change. Changing the operational rules of hydropower plants has a minor impact on the electricity supply. However, it can spare significant storage volume for flood control.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Elias, et al.
(författare)
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Key performance indicators for energy management in the Swedish pulp and paper industry
- 2019
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Ingår i: Energy Strategy Reviews. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 2211-467X .- 2211-4688. ; 24, s. 229-235
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The pulp and paper industry is one of the five most energy-intensive industries world-wide. In Sweden, most pulp and paper mills were certified with a standardized energy management system already in 2005. As Swedish mills have more than a decade of experience with energy management systems and energy key performance indicators (KPIs), studying KPIs within Swedish pulp and paper mills will enable both a state-of-the-art positioning of best-practice in relation to energy KPIs in pulp and paper mills, but also spot potential barriers and drivers in the utilization of energy KPIs. This paper studies the current level of implementation and operationalization of energy-related KPIs in the Swedish pulp and paper industry. The results show a potential for improvement.
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| 3. |
- Bataille, Christopher, et al.
(författare)
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Net-zero deep decarbonization pathways in Latin America : Challenges and opportunities
- 2020
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Ingår i: Energy Strategy Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 2211-467X .- 2211-4688. ; 30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This synthesis paper presents the objectives, approach and cross-cutting results of the Latin American Deep Decarbonization Pathways project (DDP-LAC). It synthesizes and compares detailed national and sectoral deep decarbonization pathways (DDPs) to 2050 compatible with the Paris Agreement objectives and domestic development priorities in Argentina, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Mexico and Peru. The first five countries analysed in detail the energy system and agriculture, forestry and land use (AFOLU) at a high level, while Peru focussed on a detailed analysis of AFOLU given its predominance in its GHG emissions. While economy-wide results were produced, this paper focuses on the electricity, passenger transport, and AFOLU results because of their current emissions, potential to grow, and identification of successful strategies for decarbonization (e.g. switching to clean electricity and other net-zero emissions fuels across the economy; urban planning, mode shifting, and electrification in passenger transport; and intensive sustainable agriculture, assignment of land use rights and their enforcement and afforestation in AFOLU). It also highlights where significant emissions remain in 2050, notably in industry, AFOLU, freight, and oil and gas production, all areas for future research. It derives insights for the design of domestic policy packages and identifies priorities for international cooperation. This analysis provides critical information for Long-Term Strategies, Nationally Determined Contributions and Global Stocktaking in the context of the Paris Agreement.
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| 4. |
- Brinkerink, Maarten, et al.
(författare)
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System dynamics within typical days of a high variable 2030 European power system
- 2018
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Ingår i: Energy Strategy Reviews. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 2211-467X .- 2211-4688. ; 22, s. 94-105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of variability in electricity generation on future high variable European power systems is a subject of extensive research within the current scientific literature. The common approach in these studies, regarding the assessment of the impact of the variability and related balancing assets, is by showing yearly aggregates (or longer) of results based on a variety of indicators. Although significant, these studies often lack in temporal details. This paper therefore focuses on the dynamics between load, generation, marginal cost and assets for balancing the generation variability, within a variety of typical days in a fully-integrated European power market. This is done by assessments of daily snapshots based on an hourly time resolution. The assessments underline the necessity of balancing assets, both during peaks as well as during lows in the output of variable generators. Interconnection capacity, electricity storage and demand response (DR) applications all contribute to renewables integration and to optimized utilization of cost-efficient generation capacity throughout the European power system. Important load flows from and towards load centers with high capacities of variable renewables are identified, as well as a significant role for transit countries with high interconnection capacities between these load centers. Despite the importance of electricity storage, it is shown that the traditional diurnal utilization of centralized electricity storage fleets becomes less viable with increasing penetration of variable renewables. A potential high CO2 price in the future European power market can become a determining factor in the system dynamics. Large price differentials in the merit order stimulate long distance flows as well as an increasing profitability for storage assets.
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| 5. |
- Brouwer, F., et al.
(författare)
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Energy modelling and the Nexus concept
- 2018
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Ingår i: Energy Strategy Reviews. - : Elsevier. - 2211-467X .- 2211-4688. ; 19, s. 1-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Nexus concept is the interconnection between the resources energy, water, food, land and climate. Such interconnections enable to address trade-offs and seek for synergies among them. Several policy areas (e.g. bio-based economy, circular economy) increasingly consider the Nexus concept. Ignoring synergies and trade-offs between energy and natural flows, can generate misleading modelling outcomes. Several modelling tools are available to address energy and the Nexus. Based on six such models, this paper aims to support the design and testing of coherent strategies for sustainable development. Model improvements would be achieved by comparing model outcomes and including a common baseline.
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| 6. |
- Chavez-Rodriguez, Mauro F., et al.
(författare)
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Fuel saving strategies in the Andes : long-term impacts for Peru, Colombia and Ecuador
- 2018
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Ingår i: Energy Strategy Reviews. - : Elsevier. - 2211-467X .- 2211-4688. ; 20, s. 35-48
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Crude oil exports and imports play a crucial role in the trade balance of Peru, Colombia and Ecuador. These countries are looking into fossil fuel saving measures as a way to deal with increasing demands and decreasing oil production rates. However, studies about the long-term effects of these measures is lacking. Using a combination of energy simulation technics, 17 fuel saving strategies ranging from fuel switching to the investment in underground transport and hydropower capacity expansion were modelled and assessed to evaluate their long-term effect on fossil fuels demand reduction. Our results show that the full implementation of strategies can account for cumulative oil savings of over 550 million barrels of oil by 2030. Findings also point out that Ecuador and Colombia could face the transition from net oil-exporters to importers as soon as the end of the next decade.
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| 7. |
- Drews, M., et al.
(författare)
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Projected water usage and land-use-change emissions from biomass production (2015–2050)
- 2020
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Ingår i: Energy Strategy Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 2211-467X .- 2211-4688. ; 29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increased biomass for energy production features as a key part of the transition to a competitive low-carbon EU energy system. Not all energy strategies however will lead to reduced emissions, and extensive biomass production inherently compete with, e.g., agricultural systems for key natural resources like water and land. This paper investigates the ramifications of three potential energy pathways for Europe developed by the H2020 REEEM project, ambitiously aimed at reducing CO2 emissions to 80–95% compared to 1990, using different mixes of biomass. Their environmental footprint for 2015–2050 in terms of land-use-change emissions and water consumption are confronted with near-term climate change projections. Finally, potential implications for the implementation and robustness of future European energy strategies are discussed, highlighting in particular the role of uncertainties in estimating the performance of biomass systems.
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| 8. |
- Eisele, Philipp, et al.
(författare)
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Readiness of demand response technology for Spanish Energy Communities
- 2024
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Ingår i: Energy Strategy Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 2211-467X .- 2211-4688. ; 54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Demand response (DR) and Energy Communities are highlighted as two key means to facilitate the energy transition in Europe by providing flexibility to the grid in a decentralized way. This paper uses a theoretical framework, the balanced readiness level assessment, to review five social and techno-economic dimensions regarding the status of demand response technology, emphasizing key challenges and opportunities. Focusing specifically on Energy Communities in Spain, issues such as the split-incentive problem in technology investments, market rules favouring large generators, and the imperative for improved coordination in the electricity market and network operations are identified as significant hurdles to further DR development. A balanced readiness level score of 7.25 is assessed for Spanish energy communities, composed of a 9 for the technological, a 7 for the regulatory and the acceptance, and a 5 for explicit and 7 for implicit market readiness level. The application of the balanced readiness level assessment methodology is novel to the energy industry and does not only prove the value it can create in this sector, but also provides insights for policymakers and stakeholders navigating the dynamic landscape of Demand Response for Spanish Energy Communities.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Fuso Nerini, Francesco, et al.
(författare)
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Myopic decision making in energy system decarbonisation pathways. A UK case study
- 2017
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Ingår i: Energy Strategy Reviews. - : Elsevier. - 2211-467X .- 2211-4688. ; 17, s. 19-26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With an application on the UK, this paper shows that myopic planning might result in delayed strategic investments and in considerably higher costs for achieving decarbonisation targets compared to estimates done with perfect foresight optimisation energy models. It also suggests that carbon prices obtained from perfect foresight energy models might be under-estimated. The study was performed using a combination of the standard UK Times Model (UKTM), a perfect foresight, bottom-up, technology-rich cost optimisation energy model, and its myopic foresight version: My-UKTM. This also demonstrates that using perfect foresight optimisation models in tandem with their myopic equivalents can provide valuable indications for policy design.
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| 11. |
- Galinis, Arvydas, et al.
(författare)
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Implications of carbon price paths on energy security in four Baltic region countries
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Energy Strategy Reviews. - : ELSEVIER. - 2211-467X .- 2211-4688. ; 30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Energy security is one of the critical priorities of energy policy in the European Union and particularly in the Baltic region that is currently transforming itself from an isolated energy island to a highly interconnected area. In this paper, a comprehensive analysis of energy security in Estonia, Finland, Latvia, and Lithuania in the context of the energy transition is presented. The paper explores regional implications of two paths of carbon price (gradual and delayed carbon price increase). The analysis is performed by linking an energy system optimisation model with a probabilistic model of energy security. This modelling suite is used to assess the resilience of the planned energy system to possible disruptions. The results demonstrate that carbon price paths have a modest impact on energy security in Baltic countries if energy security measures are implemented in an optimal way. The research is based on the case study conducted in the framework of the European Union's Horizon 2020 project REEEM.
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| 12. |
- Gardumi, Francesco, et al.
(författare)
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A scenario analysis of potential long-term impacts of COVID-19 on the Tunisian electricity sector
- 2021
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Ingår i: Energy Strategy Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 2211-467X .- 2211-4688. ; 38
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the economy of Tunisia, like that of many other countries. With electricity consumption dropping, consumption patterns changing, international fuel prices oscillating and uncertainty raging, the pandemic has affected not least the planning of investments in electricity supply. Although the government seems unlikely to revise the decarbonisation targets downwards, questions arise on whether the investments planned before the pandemic are still relevant in the changed global landscape and what effects they may have on the country's economy. In this study, we analyse post-pandemic scenarios for the electricity supply system of Tunisia with an energy economy modelling framework, soft-linking the energy modelling tool OSeMOSYS and an open source Input Output model. We extract insights on the cost-competitiveness of different - previously planned and new - electricity supply solutions and their impacts on job creation and loss in the entire economy. We find that renewable solutions based on solar photovoltaic remain highly competitive with gas-fired generation under different projections of gas prices and that several low-carbon and energy efficiency solutions have high potential for job creation. We also find that more ambitious investments in renewables and energy efficiency are needed to take Tunisia towards the path of deep decarbonisation.
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| 13. |
- Gardumi, Francesco, et al.
(författare)
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From the development of an open-source energy modelling tool to its application and the creation of communities of practice : The example of OSeMOSYS
- 2018
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Ingår i: Energy Strategy Reviews. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 2211-467X .- 2211-4688. ; 20, s. 209-228
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the last decades, energy modelling has supported energy planning by offering insights into the dynamics between energy access, resource use, and sustainable development. Especially in recent years, there has been an attempt to strengthen the science-policy interface and increase the involvement of society in energy planning processes. This has, both in the EU and worldwide, led to the development of open-source and transparent energy modelling practices. This paper describes the role of an open-source energy modelling tool in the energy planning process and highlights its importance for society. Specifically, it describes the existence and characteristics of the relationship between developing an open-source, freely available tool and its application, dissemination and use for policy making. Using the example of the Open Source energy Modelling System (OSeMOSYS), this work focuses on practices that were established within the community and that made the framework's development and application both relevant and scientifically grounded.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Ghosh, Ranjan Kumar
(författare)
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Gas based power generation in India: Lessons from a transaction cost analysis
- 2015
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Ingår i: Energy Strategy Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 2211-467X .- 2211-4688. ; 8, s. 1-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We use a transaction cost framework to analyze the performance of gas-based private investments in two coastal Indian states - Andhra Pradesh and Gujarat. These states have a similar regulatory set-up and have seen bulk of the initial gas-based private investment being made. Yet they differ greatly in terms of actual generation. Andhra Pradesh's lack of success can be attributed to upstream regulation and arm's length contractual design. This created a weak demand response giving rise to high transaction costs. Whereas in Gujarat, upstream contractual design has ensured that demand response is strong enough to minimize transaction costs for utilities downstream. Our cases reiterate that alternative governance structures (competitive markets and hierarchical systems) need to be subjected to a comparative analysis of transaction cost minimization. Hence, the general policy of promoting competition may not be a strategic solution for India where adequate investment for annual supply of electricity is the real problem. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 16. |
- Godinez-Zamora, Guido, et al.
(författare)
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Decarbonising the transport and energy sectors : Technical feasibility and socioeconomic impacts in Costa Rica
- 2020
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Ingår i: Energy Strategy Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 2211-467X .- 2211-4688. ; 32
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Compliance with the Paris Agreement requires the transformation of national economies to meet net-zero carbon dioxide emissions by mid-century. To accomplish this, countries need to define long-term decarbonisation strategies with near- and mid-term actions to determine their ideal future scenario while maximizing socioeconomic benefits. This paper describes the process followed to support the creation of the decarbonisation pathway for the transport and energy sectors presented in Costa Rica's National Decarbonisation Plan. We discuss in detail the technological pathway of a deep-decarbonisation future that supports reaching net-zero emissions by 2050. Compared to a business-as-usual (BAU) scenario, our results show that the decarbonisation pathway can lead to emissions' reduction of 87% in the transport and energy sectors by 2050. Energy efficiency, the adoption of electromobility, modal-shift towards public transport and active mobility, as well as reduced demand due to digitalisation and teleworking, are found to be key drivers towards the deep-decarbonisation. These measures combined enable a 25% reduction of primary energy production by 2050. The results highlight that the decarbonisation scenario requires installing 4.4 GW more of renewable power plants by 2050, compared to the BAU scenario (80%). We also show that additional investments for the deep-decarbonisation are compensated with the reduced operating cost. Crucially, we found that the National Decarbonisation Plan results in a lower total discounted cost of about 35% of current Costa Rica's GDP, indicating that a deep decarbonisation is technically feasible and is coupled to socioeconomic benefits.
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| 17. |
- Hasan, ASM Monjurul, et al.
(författare)
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Energy management practices in Bangladesh’s iron and steel industries
- 2018
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Ingår i: Energy strategy reviews. - : Elsevier. - 2211-467X .- 2211-4688. ; 22, s. 230-236
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this paper was to study energy management and improved energy efficiency among large iron and steel mills in Bangladesh. The results show that there are some barriers to energy management practices among large steel mills, the most important barriers being the perceived absence of cost-effective technical measures, high perceived risks due to uncertain future energy costs and poor information quality. However, this study has shown that the reduction in energy costs due to improved energy efficiency constitutes the most important driver for energy efficiency in the studied steel mills. The results also show that most of the steel mills have not had any technical energy efficiency improvement measures implemented in the production process. Moreover, the steel mills seem unfamiliar with the concept of including energy service companies, and the lack of information or awareness seems to be the main reason behind this. The paper also finds that energy efficiency is perceived to be able to be improved by 6%–8% through energy management practices.
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| 18. |
- Ihlemann, Maren, et al.
(författare)
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SpineOpt : A flexible open-source energy system modelling framework
- 2022
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Ingår i: Energy Strategy Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 2211-467X .- 2211-4688. ; 43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The transition towards more sustainable energy systems poses new requirements on energy system models. New challenges include representing more uncertainties, including short-term detail in long-term planning models, allowing for more integration across energy sectors, and dealing with increased model complexities. SpineOpt is a flexible, open-source, energy system modelling framework for performing operational and planning studies, consisting of a wide spectrum of novel tools and functionalities. The most salient features of SpineOpt include a generic data structure, flexible temporal and spatial structures, a comprehensive representation of uncertainties, and model decomposition capabilities to reduce the computational complexity. These enable the implementation of highly diverse case studies. SpineOpt's features are presented through several publicly -available applications. An illustrative case study presents the impact of different temporal resolutions and stochastic structures in a co-optimised electricity and gas network. Using a lower temporal resolution in different parts of the model leads to a lower computational time (44%-98% reductions), while the total system cost varies only slightly (-1.22-1.39%). This implies that modellers experiencing computational issues should choose a high level of temporal accuracy only when needed.
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| 19. |
- Jonsson, Daniel K., et al.
(författare)
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Energy security matters in the EU Energy Roadmap
- 2015
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Ingår i: Energy Strategy Reviews. - : Elsevier. - 2211-467X .- 2211-4688. ; 6, s. 48-56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Energy security has gained increasing prominence on the EU political agenda, but is often framed narrowly, in terms of import dependency or security of supply. In this paper we screen and scope out a more comprehensive suite of energy security aspects to be considered when assessing low-carbon energy scenarios and apply it using the EU Energy Roadmap as an example. Availability and affordability issues as well as security of demand matters and geopolitical security aspects are identified and discussed. External factors, e.g., future international climate treaties and international relations, are important for some energy security outcomes. A broader framing of energy security together with structured assessments on the security implications of energy transitions would benefit future EU energy policy.
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| 20. |
- Khastieva, Dina, et al.
(författare)
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Value of energy storage for transmission investments
- 2019
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Ingår i: Energy Strategy Reviews. - : Elsevier. - 2211-467X .- 2211-4688. ; 24, s. 94-110
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper investigates joint investment planning of transmission lines and energy storage. Energy storage can be seen as a complement to transmission infrastructure and can be used for transmission deferral. On the other hand, under certain conditions, when the expected profit of both sectors depends on congestion in the system, transmission and energy storage can be seen as competitors. The transmission sector is in this study assumed to be a natural monopoly and operation and planning of transmission lines is performed by an independent company whereas the energy storage owner company operates and invests under competitive market rules. Three main questions are addressed in this paper. First of all, will additional energy storage capacity contribute to the growth of social welfare? Second, how will incentive regulation of the transmission network affect the need for energy storage? Third, how will the choice of incentive regulation affect the value of energy storage. This paper first provides an overview of incentive regulation which can be applied to transmission investments. Then case studies based on a 6-node power system network and the IEEE 118-node system are proposed in order to answer the aforementioned questions. The results of the case studies show that energy storage investments complement transmission expansion and contribute to higher social welfare values. The benefits from energy storage investments are significantly higher under two investigated incentive regulations as compared to the case without incentive regulation. Thus, the transmission investment planning process should consider energy storage options.
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| 21. |
- Khavari, Babak, et al.
(författare)
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The effects of population aggregation in geospatial electrification planning
- 2021
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Ingår i: Energy Strategy Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 2211-467X .- 2211-4688. ; 38, s. 100752-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The introduction of geospatial data into modelling efforts carries many advantages but also introduces numerous challenges. A common challenge is the Modifiable Areal Unit Problem (MAUP), describing how results change as the spatial aggregation of data changes. Here, we have studied MAUP in geospatial least-cost electrification modelling. We do this by assessing the effects of using 26 different population bases each for Benin, Malawi and Namibia. We use the population bases to generate 2080 electrification scenarios per country and conducting a global sensitivity analysis using the Delta Moment-Independent Measure. We identify population aggregation to be highly influential to the model results with regards to method of aggregation (delta values of 0.06-0.24 depending on output studied), administrative division (0.05-0.14), buffer chosen in the clustering process (0.05-0.32) and the minimum number of neighbours within the buffer required for clustering (0.05-0.19). Based on our findings, we conclude that geospatial electrification studies are not robust concerning the choice of population data. We suggest, that modelers put larger emphasis on different population aggregation methods in their sensitivity analyses and that the methods chosen to conduct sensitivity analysis are global in nature (i.e. moving all inputs simultaneously through their possible range of values).
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| 22. |
- Korkmaz, Pinar, et al.
(författare)
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A comparison of three transformation pathways towards a sustainable European society - An integrated analysis from an energy system perspective
- 2020
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Ingår i: Energy Strategy Reviews. - : ELSEVIER. - 2211-467X .- 2211-4688. ; 28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An energy system transition in the European Union is required to meet the decarbonisation targets determined in the Paris Agreement. To realise this transition, a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions of at least 80% from 1990 levels by 2050 is required. However, ambitions are being raised towards carbon neutrality. Such transition will likely imply deep changes across all sectors of the EU economies and societies. The impacts on these sectors need to be analysed with a multi-disciplinary approach, to unveil cross-sectoral risks and opportunities of the transition. Additionally, the pace and effectiveness of the transition may be affected by technical and economic drivers within the EU. In this paper, we soft-link three modelling frameworks specialised in assessing technology transitions, spatially-disaggregated health impacts of air pollutants and economic impacts and we apply them to the study of deep decarbonisation pathways for the EU. An energy system model, TIMES PanEU, is soft linked with an impact assessment model, EcoSense, and with a general equilibrium model, NEWAGE. The application looks at three clearly distinguished but likely paths: one where the decarbonisation effort is mostly undertaken by decarbonisation of the energy supply; one where consumers take on a more active role in the decarbonisation, instead; one where ambitions are raised and all sectors of the economy must act together to achieve the targets. In the specific application, it is concluded that 80% reduction is achievable with a decentralised, demand driven system as well as with a centralised one, where the decarbonisation effort mainly comes from the supply side. On the other hand, to achieve a more ambitious reduction target, a broader technology mix and also the effort from both supply and demand side will be required. The synergy between the sectors, especially for the utilisation of the domestic sources such as biomass, will be a decisive factor for the direction of the energy transition.
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| 23. |
- Koutsandreas, Diamantis, et al.
(författare)
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A multicriteria modeling approach for evaluating power generation scenarios under uncertainty : The case of green hydrogen in Greece
- 2023
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Ingår i: Energy Strategy Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 2211-467X .- 2211-4688. ; 50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Clean energy technological innovations are widely acknowledged as a prerequisite to achieving ambitious long-term energy and climate targets. However, the optimal speed of their adoption has been parsimoniously studied in the literature. This study seeks to identify the optimal intensity of moving to a green hydrogen electricity sector in Greece, using the OSeMOSYS energy modeling framework. Green hydrogen policies are evaluated, first, on the basis of their robustness against uncertainty and, afterwards, against conflicting performance criteria and for different decision-making profiles towards risk, by applying the VIKOR and TOPSIS multi-criteria decision aid methods. Although our analysis focuses exclusively on the power sector and compares different rates of hydrogen penetration compared to a business-as-usual case without considering other game-changing innovations (such as other types of storage or carbon capture and storage), we find that a national transition to a green hydrogen economy can support Greece in potentially cutting at least 16 MtCO2 while stimulating investments of EUR 10–13 bn. over 2030–2050.
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| 24. |
- Kudelin, Artem, et al.
(författare)
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Wind ENERGY in Russia : The current state and development trends
- 2021
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Ingår i: Energy Strategy Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 2211-467X .- 2211-4688. ; 34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wind energy is one of the leading forms of non-hydro renewable energy sources in the world. Russia ranks among the top countries with vast wind energy resources and among the top CO2 producers as well. Simultaneously, the utilization of wind energy is extremely low compared to other CO2 emitting states. This paper aims to describe the ongoing situation for wind energy development according to the most critical aspects that affect evolution. Investor support schemes, permission procedures, social, educational, and research issues, available data on wind energy resources and local production facilities, and supportive policies are also described. A discussion on possible obstacles and limits to windfarm deployment and probable capacity growth scenarios has been pro-vided. Trends for different economic development prognoses were evaluated considering possible outcomes for wind energy facilities introduction. The optimistic scenario suggests that, depending on global economic growth by 2030, the volume of wind generation capacity could reach up to 10 GW by 2030. The pessimistic scenarios, more probable due to the COVID-19 pandemic, limit the growth by 3.6 and 6.4 GW depending on the gross domestic product volumes decrease. The threats to the renewable energy sources development in Russia due to the world?s current situation are summarized in conclusion.
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| 25. |
- Kutcherov, Vladimir G., 1955-, et al.
(författare)
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Russian natural gas exports : An analysis of challenges and opportunities
- 2020
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Ingår i: Energy Strategy Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 2211-467X .- 2211-4688. ; 30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study provides a comprehensive, updated, and refined analysis of the challenges and opportunities for Russian natural gas exports based on recent statistical data, academic publications, and media sources. The paper addresses the lack of continuity in studies within the topic since the recent changes are not reflected well enough in the current peer-reviewed literature. In order to understand the perspectives regarding Russian natural gas export in global natural gas markets, we consequently examine the current layout of the global natural gas markets, and challenges and opportunities for Russian natural gas exports. The analysis shows that the U.S. natural gas market is closed for Russian exports. In the European market, Russia is experiencing difficulties in increasing its export shares, or even maintaining current levels, owing to various macroeconomic and geopolitical challenges. Asian markets such as China, India, Japan, and South Korea, are the most promising destinations for future Russian natural gas exports. Despite strong geopolitical challenges and high competition globally, Russia should seek maintaining current export levels in the European market, while implementing a win-win export strategy, and secure its future export shares on the Asian markets. The results of the study can be used for scenario and planning purposes, and be useful for policy makers and industry practitioners.
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