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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Chisari, Claudia, et al.
(författare)
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Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for women living with Vulvodynia : A single-case experimental design study of a treatment delivered online
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science. - : Elsevier. - 2212-1447. ; 23, s. 15-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Vulvodynia is a condition characterised by persistent vulval pain and includes particular impacts on sexual and emotional functioning. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) has been successfully applied in persistent pain but has not been tested in this population. This single-case experimental design (SCED) study aimed to evaluate whether an online ACT programme improves clinical outcomes in women with Vulvodynia. We also evaluated whether the intervention led to changes in hypothesised processes of therapeutic change.Methods: This study applied a nonconcurrent multiple baseline SCED method to assess ACT in women with Vulvodynia. During baseline and treatment phases, participants completed daily self-report outcomes of pain severity and interference, sexual functioning and satisfaction, depression, and hypothesised process-variables: pain-acceptance, present-moment-awareness, committed-action, perceived injustice, and body-exposure anxiety during sexual activities. Full-length assessments of these variables were also completed before and after treatment. The intervention comprised a six-week online ACT programme, combined with a Vulvodynia-specific manual. Visual and statistical analyses were conducted.Results: Seven participants, mostly with mixed Vulvodynia, provided baseline and treatment phase data, and completed the intervention and diaries. Based on the visual inspection, and Tau and Tau-U values as effect sizes from the daily data, all participants showed moderate size improvements in two or more outcomes. However, participants had highly individual treatment effects. Limited improvement was found in depression. Pain acceptance, committed-action, and perceived injustice also demonstrated change for some participants.Discussion: The results suggest online ACT may improve pain and sexual outcomes for some women with Vulvodynia. Pain-acceptance, committed-action, and perceived injustice are highlighted as potential processes of change for some participants. In general, responses to treatment appear highly individual. Further application of the SCED approach to ACT for Vulvodynia is recommended.
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| 4. |
- Davey, Amanda, et al.
(författare)
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Psychological flexibility, self-compassion and daily functioning in chronic pain
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-1447. ; 17, s. 79-85
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Psychological flexibility (PF) and self-compassion (SC) are both associated with positive outcomes for people living with chronic pain. Despite conceptual similarities they have mostly been studied independently. The present study aimed to determine the relationship between PF and SC, and investigate their roles in relation to pain interference, work and social adjustment, and depressive symptoms. 420 participants attending a speciality chronic pain service completed the Self-Compassion Scale Short Form along with measures of PF, pain, interference, functioning, and depression, prior to starting treatment. PF and SC variables were significantly correlated (r = 0.38 to 0.56) and demonstrated a degree of independence. Multiple regression models for all three pain outcomes explained 44% of the variance in pain interference, 36% in work and social adjustment, and 32% in depression. SC accounted for significant unique variance in each of the pain outcomes, however this was no longer significant when PF variables were added to the model for pain interference and work and social adjustment. In conclusion, PF and SC appear to include mostly related and some distinct elements in the context of chronic pain. PF processes may encompass the effects of SC on pain interference and work and social adjustment. However, SC appears to play an independent role in depression. Given the high comorbidity of depression, it may be beneficial to further study the potential for SC-based processes and methods to improve overall wellbeing for people with chronic pain.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Fogelkvist, Maria, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Live with your body - participants' reflections on an acceptance and commitment therapy group intervention for patients with residual eating disorder symptoms
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science. - : Elsevier. - 2212-1447. ; 20, s. 184-193
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) is a transdiagnostic approach to human suffering that has been trialed in a range of different contexts. This study aimed to examine participants' view of helpful and hindering aspects of an in person ACT group intervention targeting body image in patients with residual eating disorder (ED) symptoms. Thirteen women who completed the intervention were interviewed, and transcripts were analyzed through thematic analysis. Nine themes were identified and sorted into three main themes. The first main theme, "Taking the plunge", pointed to the importance of participants own effort, and included subthemes of self-efficacy, self as description, and self-exploration. The second main theme, "A push towards valued ends", indicated that content of the intervention was helpful, and included subthemes of commitment and behavioral change processes, mindfulness and acceptance processes, and assignments in and between sessions. The third main theme, "The context matters", described the importance of the contexts of the intervention and life outside of treatment, and included subthemes of the group format, the context outside of treatment, and the timing of the intervention. Through the description of specific content, we conclude that ACT seems to help women with residual ED symptoms and body image issues by fostering motivation to engage in avoided situations and behaviors while striving to live a more valued life.
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| 8. |
- Gentili, Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring psychological flexibility as in-treatment behaviour during internet-delivered acceptance and commitment therapy for paediatric chronic pain : Occurrence and relation to outcome
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science. - : Elsevier. - 2212-1447. ; 31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Acceptance and Commitment Therapy has gained preliminary evidence for paediatric chronic pain. Several studies show that psychological flexibility/inflexibility is a process driving treatment change in ACT for chronic pain. The literature supporting psychological flexibility as a change process in ACT is typically based on selfreport. The aim of the present study was to investigate psychological flexibility (i.e. acceptance, defusion, values formulation and committed action) as in-treatment behaviour during internet-delivered Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for paediatric chronic pain, by having two independent observers rating patient written statements. The sample was self-recruited and consisted of 28 girls between ages 13 and 17 years. Results showed that psychological flexibility could be operationalised as in-treatment behaviours and reliably assessed using observer ratings. Also, data illustrated a within subject variability in ratings of acceptance and defusion, with a considerable difference in degree of acceptance or defusion evoked by different experiential exercises. Furthermore, analyses showed that a higher average degree of acceptance in patient statements during the early phase of treatment was related to larger treatment effects. Defusion, values formulation and committed action showed no significant influence on outcome. Results should be interpreted with caution due to the small sample size.
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| 9. |
- Hayes, Steven C., et al.
(författare)
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Report of the ACBS Task Force on the strategies and tactics of contextual behavioral science research
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science. - : Elsevier. - 2212-1447. ; 20, s. 172-183
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Throughout its history the strategy and tactics of contextual behavioral science (CBS) research have had distinctive features as compared to traditional behavioral science approaches. Continued progress in CBS research can be facilitated by greater clarity about how its strategy and tactics can be brought to bear on current challenges. The present white paper is the result of a 2 1/2-year long process designed to foster consensus among representative producers and consumers of CBS research about the best strategic pathway forward. The Task Force agreed that CBS research should be multilevel, process-based, multidimensional, prosocial, and pragmatic, and provided 33 recommendations to the CBS community arranged across these characteristics. In effect, this report provides a detailed research agenda designed to maximize the impact of CBS as a field. Scientists and practitioners are encouraged to mount this ambitious agenda.
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| 10. |
- Holmberg, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating the psychometric characteristics of the Work-related Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (WAAQ) in a sample of healthcare professionals
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-1447. ; 14, s. 103-107
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Work-related Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (WAAQ) has been developed to assess psychological flexibility in occupational settings. The aim of this study was to evaluate reliability and validity of the Swedish translation of WAAQ in a sample of 184 healthcare professionals. A principal component analysis supported a one-factor-solution, explaining 53.8% of the overall multivariate variability. WAAQ showed good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha 0.85) and good test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.85). Validity was assessed by analysing the relationship between WAAQ and other work-related constructs. Spearman's rank correlations illustrated a significant negative relationship between WAAQ and perceived stress and a significant positive correlation with work engagement. Results from the study are consistent with previous studies on WAAQ, supporting the use of the Swedish translation of the instrument among healthcare professionals.
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| 11. |
- Jonsjö, Martin A., et al.
(författare)
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Acceptance & Commitment Therapy for ME/CFS (Chronic Fatigue Syndrome) - A feasibility study
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-1447. ; 12, s. 89-97
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Acceptance and Commitment Therapy has not been evaluated for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) to date. However, recent studies indicate the importance of psychological flexibility for well-being in this condition. The present study is a preliminary evaluation of the feasibility of an ACT-based behavior medicine treatment protocol for ME/CFS. Methods: 40 adult individuals, fulfilling the 1994 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the 2003 clinical case criteria for ME/CFS, consecutively started an individual 13-session ACT-treatment. Data were collected pre-treatment, mid-treatment, post-treatment, and at 3- and 6-month follow-ups. Linear mixed effects modeling was used to analyze treatment effects on ME/CFS-related disability, psychological flexibility, ME/CFS symptoms, anxiety, depression and health-related quality of life. Results: 80% (32) of the participants completed the treatment. ME/CFS-related disability (d = 0.80, p < .001) and psychological flexibility (d = 1.07, p < .001) improved between pre- and post-treatment and remained stable between follow-ups. Similar results were found for secondary outcomes. Conclusions: Results indicate that the treatment was accepted by the participants, with a small drop-out rate and was safe with no harmful effects during or after treatment and also efficient with stable improvements in numerous outcomes.
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| 12. |
- Kioskli, Kitty, et al.
(författare)
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Might psychological flexibility processes and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) apply in adults with painful diabetic neuropathy? : A cross-sectional survey
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science. - : ELSEVIER. - 2212-1447. ; 13, s. 66-73
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) is a distressing and disabling condition. There is, surprisingly, relatively lithe research into the role of psychological variables related to PDN. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between psychological flexibility, daily functioning, and distress in people with PDN. This cross-sectional study included 225 participants who were recruited from hospital services and online. In correlation analyses, acceptance of pain was shown to be negatively correlated with pain intensity (r = -0.21, p < 0.01), pain distress (r = -0.25, p < 0.01), functional impairment (r = -0.38, p < 0.01), depression severity (r = -0.41, p < 0.01), and depression impact (r = -0.41, p < 0.01). Cognitive fusion correlated positively with pain intensity (r = 0.14, p < 0.05), functional impairment (r = 0.24, p < 0.01), depression severity (r = 0.44, p < 0.01), and depression impact (r = 0.20, p < 0.01). Committed action also correlated negatively with functional impairment (r = -0.22, p < 0.01), depression severity (r = -0.43, p < 0.01), and depression impact (r = -0.21, p < 0.01). In regression analyses, the four variables representing psychological flexibility accounted for significant variance in all the equations except in the case of pain distress. However, in some cases the variance accounted for was less than that accounted for by pain intensity. For example, in the equation for functional impairment, pain intensity accounted for 32.2% of variance, while psychological flexibility accounted for 6.8% of variance. These results suggest that psychological flexibility may play a smaller role, relative to pain intensity, in the context of PDN as compared to the larger populations of chronic, mostly musculoskeletal, pain. The reliability and generalisability of these results need to be established.
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| 13. |
- Larsson, Andreas, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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A randomised controlled trial of brief web-based acceptance and commitment Therapy on the general mental health, depression, anxiety and stress of college Students
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science. - : Elsevier. - 2212-1447. ; 24, s. 10-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The college years are frequently understood as being a carefree time in a young person's life, however, research suggests that these are formative and challenging times for many. The purpose of the study was to examine the effectiveness of a brief internet intervention based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) for promoting general mental health among college students. As far as can be determined, the impact of an online guided self-help version of (i) contact with the present moment, (ii) cognitive defusion and (iii) self-as-context processes of ACT on mental health has never been tested in a student-based randomized trial. The current study was a randomized controlled wait-list trial consisting of a 3-week intervention and a 3-week follow-up phase. Out of 174 participants, 113 were included in the analysis. Inclusion criteria were: (1) no formal diagnosis of mental health disorders, (2) no previous experience of ACT, mindfulness or mindfulness-based exercises, (3) over 18 years of age, and (4) currently registered as a university or college student. Participants were randomly assigned to an ACT-based intervention (N = 87) or a wait-list control (N = 87). Neither investigators nor participants were blinded to group assignment. The primary outcome measure was general mental health (GHQ-12). Depression, Anxiety and Stress were also measured (DASS-21) as well as psychological flexibility (AAQ-2) at pre- and post-intervention, and 3-week follow-up. The results indicated significant improvements in general mental health in the ACT processes group compared with the wait-list control group (p = .005, d = 0.48) at post treatment but not at follow-up. There were no significant differences between the groups on any other outcome measures. The results from this study provide some support for the effectiveness of a brief web-based ACT intervention to enhance general mental health. However, there were no significant comparative improvements, but trends, for depression, anxiety or stress.
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| 14. |
- Larsson, Andreas B., Filosofie Doktor, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Optimizing Process-Based Therapy : A Boruta-Driven Approach to Identifying Key Clinical Outcomes in a Swedish validation of the Process-Based Assessment Tool (PBAT)
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science. - : Elsevier. - 2212-1447. ; 33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundThe Process-Based Assessment Tool (PBAT), is an item pool showing promising results in assessing psychological processes of change relevant for both psychotherapy and research in its original English version. However, further research focusing on translation and validation in other languages is needed for broader applicability. This study aims to translate and validate the PBAT in Swedish, and to examine the relationship with common clinical outcome variables.MethodsThe PBAT and STOP-D were translated and culturally adapted to Swedish. The study included 427 Swedish-speaking participants recruited online, with a mean age of 48. The PHQ-4 and Single Item Stress Scale were used as criterion variables. Correlational analyses and the Boruta feature selection algorithm were employed for data analysis.ResultsThe translated PBAT demonstrated significant correlations with clinical outcomes, indicating its effectiveness in a Swedish context. Positive PBAT items correlated with higher vitality and health, while negative items were predictive of sadness, anxiety, and stress. The Boruta analysis highlighted the importance of specific PBAT items to different clinical outcomes, underscoring the tool's validity.ConclusionThe Swedish version of the PBAT shows strong validity and reliability in assessing psychological health. This study contributes to the cross-cultural applicability of the PBAT, offering a valuable tool for psychological assessment in the Swedish context.
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| 15. |
- Larsson, Cornelia, et al.
(författare)
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Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for inpatients with psychosis -an acceptability and feasibility single case AB designed study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science. - : Elsevier. - 2212-1447. ; 25, s. 44-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: There is a lack of research on psychological treatments for psychosis in the inpatient setting. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for psychosis (ACTp) is a diagnose specific adaptation of the transdiagnostic ACT treatment model which has shown promising results in patients with psychosis. Aim: The aim was to explore treatment effects of ACTp on inpatients with psychosis on symptoms, level of functioning, level of activity, psychological flexibility, -health-related quality of life, valued living, and to explore the acceptability and feasibility of ACTp. Method: Twelve inpatients with psychosis were treated with 3-10 daily sessions of ACTp in a non-concurrent single case AB design with additional pre-post and mid-measures. The mean age at clinic A was 48.88 (SD = 11.59) and 48.75 (SD = 16.07) at clinic B. We calculated non - overlap of all pairs (NAP) in daily measures, and reliable change index (RCI), and clinical significance in pre-post measures. Results: Half of the participants improved significantly on health-related quality of life and depression in daily measures and on depression and anxiety in pre-post measures. ACTp was quite acceptable and recruitment and the deliverance of therapy in the inpatient setting was feasible. Conclusion: In the present study, participants found the ACTp treatment to be comprehensive and helpful. Recruitment and treatment of inpatients were feasible, however, since most participants were discharged before ACTp protocol was completed, fewer sessions or having sessions more frequently needs further investigation. Daily measurement showed a significant improvement in health-related quality of life and depression for a majority of the participants.
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| 16. |
- Lavefjord, Amani, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment methods in single case design studies of psychological treatments for chronic pain : A scoping review
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science. - : Elsevier. - 2212-1447. ; 21, s. 121-135
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Single case designs (SCDs) represent an excellent approach for developing and testing treatments, and for generating general knowledge of treatment mechanisms and outcomes. Their ability to generate knowledge, however, will depend on their methods being reliable, valid, clearly described, and replicable. This scoping review aims to map assessment methods in SCD studies of psychological treatments for chronic pain. The particular aims were to review the specific measures used, their modes of administration, their adequacy as measures, and opportunities for improvement. PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL and OpenGrey were searched for SCD studies of psychological treatments for chronic pain in adults. Two reviewers independently assessed eligibility, with input from two additional reviewers, and then extracted relevant data from the 55 included studies. The most common outcome domains were “pain”, “physical functioning” and “psychological processes.” Non-behavioral measures were more common than behavioral or physiological measures. Measures were often standardized. Measures in each domain were highly varied, and administration information was lacking. Evi dence for adequacy of measures was based on psychometric analyses of aggregated group data for nonbehavioral measures and agreement for behavioral and physiological measures, but was frequently not re ported. Non-behavioral idiographic measures were often inadequate in that adapted measures were often used but validation was reported for original versions. Outcome domains did not correspond with currently available guidelines for measures employed in clinical trials in pain. A new set of guidelines, that is more suited to psy chological treatments and to SCDs, is needed. Researchers should consider following an idiographic framework by using individualized measures more often. When measures are individually applied, it is recommended that their adequacy is not based on nomothetic psychometric approaches. Rather, behavioral assessment principles should be employed. Overall, adequacy reporting, usage of SCD consistent terminology, and information on how measures are administered need improvement.
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| 17. |
- Livheim, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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A quasi-experimental, multicenter study of acceptance and commitment therapy for antisocial youth in residential care
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-1447. ; 16, s. 119-127
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Treatment of youth in residential care may be a challenging task for most providers because comorbid problems are common and general psychosocial functioning is low. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is found to be the most effective treatment but results in only rather small improvements. Hence, there is potential to improve treatment approaches. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) could be one such approach. The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness and feasibility of a brief trans diagnostic ACT group intervention for youth with comorbid problems in residential care. We also wanted to see whether increased psychological flexibility (PF) mediated potential positive outcomes, and to test the intervention under real-world conditions in residential care when delivered by less-specialized staff. With a quasi-experimental design, 69 youth (mean age 17.3 years) received Treatment-As-Usual (TAU), and 91 youth received TAU with an additional 12 h of ACT in a group setting (TAU + ACT). Follow-ups were conducted two weeks, 1 month, 6 months and 18 months after baseline. Intention-to-Treat (ITT) analyses showed statistically significant improvements 18 months after baseline, measured by the interaction of treatment and time for the primary outcomes of, anxiety [ACT * Months = -0.885 (0.445), p < 0.05, d = 0.34], depression [ACT * Months = -1.058 (0.526), p < 0.05, d = 0.39] and psychological flexibility [ACT * Months = -0.970 (0.413), p < 0.05; ACT * Months(2) = 0.053 (0.023), p < 0.05; d = 0.44] in TAU + ACT youth compared to TAU alone. Regarding secondary outcomes 6 months after baseline, the TAU + ACT group showed a significant decrease in anger, disruptive behavior, and increased self-concept, with small to medium effect sizes. We also observed that psychological flexibility mediated the decrease in the primary outcome of decreased anxiety. ACT in group format may be of help in promoting various positive outcomes for youth in residential care when added to treatment as usual. Increasing PF is a promising process variable that can be targeted to increase the effectiveness of interventions for this population.
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| 18. |
- Livheim, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Psychometric properties of the Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth : A psychological measure of psychological inflexibility in youth
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-1447. ; 5:2, s. 103-110
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Consistent with the theory underlying Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), a construct termed psychological inflexibility has been suggested. There are few validated measures of psychological inflexibility for children and adolescents. One such validated instrument is the Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth (AFQ-Y). The results from a single study have not so far been replicated for youth.Objective: The aim of this study is to test psychometric characteristics for Swedish versions of the AFQ-Y17 and AFQ-Y8. The participants were recruited from an on-going study within institutional care for young people (12-20 years) with psychosocial problems.Findings: In this study of a sample of 159 Swedish adolescents (15-20 years of age) with psychosocial problems, the full 17-item scale was used, and analyses of the 8 items that constitute the short version (AFQ-Y8) were conducted later. The short version showed better psychometric properties than the full 17-item scale. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to examine factor solutions. The better fit for AFQ-Y8 was indicated by three of the most common measures of model fit: the comparative fit index (CFI) value exceeded .95 (the recommended cut-off value), the root mean squared error of approximation (RMSEA) was below 08 (the recommended cut-off value), and the value of the standardized root mean squared residual (SRMR) was below the recommended .05 for the AFQ-Y8 scale, which the AFQ-Y17 scale failed to attain.Conclusions: This study supports the reliability, convergent validity and generalizability of both AFQ-Y17 and the shorter version AFQ-Y8. With regards to validity, both versions related in a theoretically consistent way with other psychological constructs. AFQ-Y8 was well represented by a single factor structure, while AFQ-Y17 showed a less good fit to a single factor structure. Overall, the AFQ-Y17 and AFQ-Y8 may be valuable clinical tools in reflecting changes in psychological inflexibility among adolescents. However, since the shorter version, AFQ-Y8, had psychometric properties that were at least as robust as the full 17-item scale, the shorter version is recommended for use among adolescents. (C) 2016 Association for Contextual Behavioral Science.
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| 19. |
- Luoma, Jason B., et al.
(författare)
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Integrating contextual behavioral science with research on psychedelic assisted therapy : Introduction to the special section
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science. - : Elsevier. - 2212-1447. ; 15, s. 207-209
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Scientific research on the therapeutic use of psychedelics has rapidly expanded over the past decade and, over the next decade, they may be approved for clinical use. Psychedelics have been used for centuries in ritual, community, and spiritual contexts and yet the potential for a scientific approach to these drugs has possibly never been greater than it is now. Modern well controlled trials show preliminary efficacy in relation to a range of different psychological problems. In this introduction we outline the aims of this special issue, present the case for integrating psychedelics and contextual behavioral science, and provide an overview of the papers in the issue.
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| 20. |
- McCracken, Lance M., 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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Health, well-being, and persisting symptoms in the pandemic : What is the role of psychological flexibility?
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science. - : Elsevier. - 2212-1447. ; 26, s. 187-192
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Finding psychological factors that can reduce the substantial impact of COVID-19 on mental and physical health is important. Here we replicate and expand a previous study regarding the role of psychological flexibility (PF) in this context. We employed a comprehensive and well validated measure of PF and examined its role in relation to health outcomes and persistent post COVID-19 symptoms. 1174 participants completed standardized measures of depression, anxiety, insomnia and the Multidimensional Psychological Flexibility Inventory (MPFI), and reported the presence of persistent symptoms associated with "long COVID." All PF and psychological inflexibility (PI) facets, except for acceptance, correlated with the three mental health outcomes and with persistent symptoms. PF and PI accounted for significant variance in depression, anxiety, and insomnia after adjusting for background and health status variables. A notable finding was the particularly stronger correlations obtained for the PI facets. Our findings emphasize the potentially mitigating effects of PF on mental ill health, as well as the particularly aggravating effects of PI, in the pandemic context. A novel finding is the significant association of PI with persisting symptoms of COVID.
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| 21. |
- McCracken, Lance, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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The role of psychological flexibility in the context of COVID-19 : Associations with depression, anxiety, and insomnia
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science. - : Elsevier. - 2212-1447. ; 19, s. 28-35
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Evidence for detrimental impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and well-being around the world is now accumulating. As it does a next step is to understand how such effects can be mitigated, such as by studying psychological capacities that may afford people immunity against these impacts. In this study, we explore psychological flexibility (PF) and grit as potential resilience factors in the context of COVID-19. Standardized measures of depression, anxiety, and insomnia as well as measures of PF (committed action and inflexibility) and grit (perseverance of effort and consistency of interest) were administered through a large scale national online survey (N = 1102; mean age 36,9 years; 75% women). As predicted, the results show both PF and grit to be negatively associated with symptoms of depression, anxiety, and insomnia. Further, regression models including relevant background variables and both sets of resilience factors showed that total variance accounted for in symptoms of depression, anxiety, and insomnia was substantial, 50.5%, 49.5%, and 28.8%, respectively, with the PF components accounting for most of the explained variance in mental health. We conclude that PF and to a lesser extent grit may be important psychological resilience factors against mental health problems in the context of COVID-19. Our findings are practically important as they point to malleable public health targets during the ongoing pandemic of COVID-19 and in the event of similar widespread health threats in the future.
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| 22. |
- Moran, Orla, et al.
(författare)
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Investigating cognitive fusion, mindfulness and experiential avoidance in relation to psychosis-like symptoms in the general population
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science. - : Elsevier. - 2212-1447. ; 21:June, s. 136-143
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) has demonstrated promising outcomes to date with clinical populations affected by psychosis, however there is a dearth of such investigations involving non-clinical samples despite evidence that symptoms of psychosis exist on a continuum in the general population. The present study aimed to investigate how key ACT processes relate to psychosis-like symptoms in the general population. A convenience sample of 77 adults completed self-report measures of cognitive fusion, mindfulness, experiential avoidance, and psychosis-like symptoms, and relative distress, intrusiveness and frequency. A series of correlational and hierarchical regression analyses investigated the relationship between target variables. Higher mindfulness was related to lower levels of psychosis-like symptoms as well as lower distress, intrusiveness, and frequency in relation to these experiences, as were lower levels of cognitive fusion and experiential avoidance. Higher levels of cognitive fusion and experiential avoidance, as well as lower levels mindfulness, emerged as significant predictors of higher levels of psychosis-like symptoms, and higher relative distress, intrusiveness, and frequency. Findings are discussed in relation to implications for future clinical research.
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| 23. |
- O'Neill, Lucy, et al.
(författare)
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The development of the Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Fidelity Measure (ACT-FM) : A delphi study and field test
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-1447. ; 14, s. 111-118
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being able to assess whether psychological therapies are delivered according to their own principles is helpful for assuring treatment quality in research and training. We aimed to develop and preliminarily test a measure of therapist fidelity to Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) that is concise in measuring key therapist behaviours, reliable, practicable and potentially applicable across therapy contexts. This measure was developed via expert consensus in a Delphi study (Study 1). Here, thirteen expert ACT practitioners (average of 11 years' experience with ACT, including 6 ACBS Peer Reviewed ACT Trainers) participated in three iterative rounds of online questionnaires. A preliminary draft of the measure was used to initiate discussion. In the first two rounds, participants rated and commented on existing items, the manual, and structure of the measure, and generated new items for consideration. In a third round, participants commented on the emergent draft of The ACT Fidelity Measure (ACT-FM). The Delphi study resulted in a 24-item measure with items structured around the three-part model of psychological flexibility ("Tri-flex") alongside Therapist Stance. Eighty-three percent of the chosen items met the specified criteria for consensus. In Study 2, to investigate usability and preliminary psychometric properties of the ACT-FM, a separate group of nine clinicians used the ACT-FM to rate a video of an ACT therapy session. Inter-rater reliability was moderate to excellent. Based on clinician feedback, the measure was expanded to 25 items. To reach the stated aims, further work is required particularly evaluating the utility of the ACT-FM across therapy contexts.
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