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1.	Adl-Zarrabi, Bijan, 1959, et al. (författare) Ground Source De-Icing and Snow Melting Systems for Infrastructure 2023 Ingår i: Transportation Research Procedia. - 2352-1465 .- 2352-1457. ; 72, s. 1621-1628 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Thermal de-icing and snow melting methods to control winter conditions on surfaces of transport infrastructure offer several advantages compared to conventional techniques. These include the automated control of safe surface conditions, avoidance of chemicals and their environmental impact and prolongation of the life span of the infrastructure. Hydronic heat transfer systems can take advantage of collection of solar energy mainly during summertime and seasonal storage of thermal energy by geothermal heat exchange. Making use of these renewable resources in combination with energy storage enables savings in primary energy. In June 2021, the International Energy Agency (IEA), initiated a project related to utilization of ground thermal energy sources for de-icing of surfaces in transport infrastructures. The present paper gives a first overview of the project goals and methods.
2.	Adl-Zarrabi, Bijan, 1959, et al. (författare) Hydronic Pavement Heating for Sustainable Ice-free Roads 2016 Ingår i: Transportation Research Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-1465 .- 2352-1457. ; 14, s. 704-713 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Hydronic pavement is an alternative method for de-icing of roads. A hydronic pavement (HP) could be more environmental friendly than traditional de-icing methods such as salting. The HP system consists of embedded pipes in the pavement structure, with a fluid as energy carrier. The performance of a HP system strongly depends on a number of parameters e.g. the location of the pipes, the thermal properties of pavement structure and the temperature level of the heat storage system. In this paper initial results related to the designing of a HP system are presented.
3.	Adl-Zarrabi, Bijan, 1959, et al. (författare) Safe and Sustainable Coastal Highway Route E39 2016 Ingår i: Transportation Research Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-1465 .- 2352-1457. ; 14, s. 3350-3359 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract The project “Coastal Highway Route E39” have a mandate to, investigate how infrastructure can exploit renewable energy to reduce environmental footprint. Three PhD projects were initiated on this subject at Chalmers University of Technology by Norwegian public road administration. Results in this paper conclude that (1) Life Cycle Assessment should have a geographical dimension with respect to assumptions and input data, (2) there are substantial potential to reduce the CO2 emissions from the E39, especially when considering an electrification, and (3) the harvested energy from hydronic pavement system can be enough for maintaining ice-free roads in Nordic countries.
4.	Behrends, Sönke, 1976 (författare) Recent developments in urban logistics research – a review of the proceedings of the International Conference on City Logistics 2009 – 2013 2016 Ingår i: Transportation Research Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-1465 .- 2352-1457. ; 12, s. 278 - 287 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract This paper reviews research published in the proceedings of the International Conferences on City Logistics in 2009, 2011 and 2013. The purpose is to analyse its relevance to urban logistics problems and to identify gaps. The results indicate that the research addresses mainly urban distribution problems from the authority and carrier perspective in a European and Asian context. Three conclusions can be drawn from the review. First, the research has to address a wider range of market segments; second, there is a need for more research from the shipper and receiver perspective; and third, more research addressing Asian and especially African cities is necessary.
5.	Boo, Eva, et al. (författare) Understanding mobility profiles and e-kickscooter use in three urban case studies in Europe 2023 Ingår i: Transportation Research Procedia. - 2352-1457 .- 2352-1465. Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract This investigation aims to understand mobility profiles and e-kickscooter (e-ks) use by investigating three urban case studies in Europe. 398 participants took part in a survey with 56 questions regarding regular trip characteristics, mobility experience and attitudes towards e-ks. Seven distinct mobility profiles were identified in the overall sample. Four out of the seven include non-riders of e-ks and three correspond to e-ks riders (both occasional and regular). Mobility profiles were further characterised by transport habits and psychological and behavioural aspects. Results show that differences between the sociodemographic profile of respondents and urban related factors like the role of cars to satisfy mobility needs, infrastructure, safety regulations, weather and bicycle culture were likely to shape the dominant mobility profiles in each city. Moreover, the use of e-ks is still limited, both owned and shared, in all three case studies and population type. Regular riders of e-ks only represented 8% of the total surveyed population. The segmentation analysis included in this paper is a valuable source of knowledge for tailored policy and communication efforts.
6.	Castrellon, Juan Pablo, 1989, et al. (författare) Uncovering freight curbside management effects on cities' sustainable development goals. A systematic literature review 2023 Ingår i: Transportation Research Procedia. - 2352-1465 .- 2352-1457. ; 72, s. 2581-2588 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Scarce urban space needs to be wisely managed to avoid cities' unsustainability. Overlooking freight activities in urban mobility policies leads to conflicting scenarios in public space use with negative consequences in congestion, pollution, crashes, and productivity lobes. This paper aims at identifying the unsustainable effects of freight parking practices and the solutions reported in the literature to overcome them. A systematic literature review was conducted to collect quantitative evidence of curbside management impacts on sustainability. Key performance indicators from the 11th Sustainable Development Goal (SDG11) were linked to the 55 selected studies. Findings suggested positive impacts from four practices of freight curbside management and the need to include people-centred approaches in the design, implementation, and evaluation of public space policies.
7.	Conter, Marco, et al. (författare) PROCEEDR - Optimizing Resources for more Sustainable Noise and Safety Barriers on European Roads 2023 Ingår i: Transportation Research Procedia. - 2352-1465 .- 2352-1457. ; 72, s. 596-603 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract PROCEEDR aims to create tools to enable National Road Administrations to identify innovative and sustainable solutions to facilitate the transition from linear to circular economy in the field of roadside infrastructure. At the same time, high functional demand and technical performance requirements still need to be met. Therefore, the scope of PROCEEDR is to gather an overview of innovative and sustainable solutions with focus on noise and safety barriers, as well as to provide tools for selecting the most suitable and cost-effective solutions. The paper gives a general overview of the project goals and the methodology to be used, showing also the first activities performed. More detailed results will be presented at the conference in November 2022, while other project results will be presented in the frame of upcoming conferences.
8.	Gebresenbet, Girma (författare) Mapping out goods flow to Addis Ababa city, Ethiopia, and it impact on environment 2017 Ingår i: Transportation Research Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-1457 .- 2352-1465. ; 25, s. 1008-1020 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract The rapid growth of socioeconomic activity The rapid growth of socioeconomic activity in Addis Ababa city creates huge demand for delivery of goods involving urban freight transport. The rise in demand combined to the limited space of the city increases the manoeuvring difficulty of freight vehicles. These factors highly contribute to traffic congestion, traffic accident and environmental degradation. The road transport is serving as the major transport means of the country and Addis Ababa city has the largest share of vehicular fleet. The objective of the study was to identify the existing constraints of traffic congestion and exhaust emission from freight vehicles inside the city and map out the benefits of night delivery system.The study used classified vehicle count based in their loading capacity, travel time and travel length between the origin (freight gates) and the destination points in the city center, and direct tail pipe emission measurement of CO and CO2 gases from freight vehicles based on their age group as main input. The collected data's are analyzed by taking two different scenarios of the current condition and the other by shifting the freight vehicles movement to the night time. The result showed total estimated vehicle-kilometer of 183,873.11 and vehicle-hour of 6,784.96 releasing 36.84 tons of CO2 and 100 kilogram of CO pollutant gases at each day. Whereas the night delivery reduces the travel time by 30 40%, vehicle - kilometer by 6% and vehicle-hour by 33.49% for every delivery operation saving the total emission of CO2 by 10.46% and CO by 10.80% every single day. It can be deducted that night delivery could be one of the solution to the current freight transport problem of Addis Ababa city. (C) 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
9.	Gellerman, Helena, 1960, et al. (författare) Data sharing of transport research data 2016 Ingår i: Transportation Research Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-1465 .- 2352-1457. ; 14, s. 2227-2236 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract With the rapid progress of the development of intelligent transport systems over the last 15 years, the need for testing them in the real world and collecting data about their impact became more and more important. We have seen a fast growth in the number of Field Operational Tests (FOT) and Naturalistic Driving Studies (NDS) performed worldwide. The need to better understand the benefits of safety systems and the factors behind the occurrence of incidents and accidents have been a main driving force and the data has therefore been collected through naturalistic driving by volunteer drivers. As the number of different datasets has increased and so also the awareness of the substantial effort and funding needed to run these FOT/NDS, the interest in data sharing has increased worldwide. The availability of a common Data Sharing Framework (DSF) could highly facilitate a larger use of the collected FOT/NDS data. The FOT-Net Data project has developed such a framework, in collaboration with a variety of stakeholders from Europe, the US, Japan and other countries. The seven topics addressed by the DSF are (1) project agreements, (2) data and metadata descriptions, (3) data protection, (4) training, (5) support and research services, (6) financial models and (7) applications procedures. Many of the topics are general and can be used for other types of transport research data as well. There remain challenges to make data sharing possible on a global scale. Some of these are: the project funding schemes, leading to multiple schemas of ownerships of data, and the legal settings in different countries. On a technical level, the documentation of datasets and of the metadata describing the test is not always sufficient. Furthermore, new projects need to be made aware of the importance of inserting the pre-requisites for data sharing into the different project agreements right from the start. This paper describes the content of the DSF with its hands-on recommendations on how to prepare for and perform data sharing of transport research data. It also presents the status of a use case, implementing the DSF into the European project UDRIVE.
10.	Ghanbarikarekani, Mina, et al. (författare) Minimizing the stop time of private vehicles at intersections with LRT signal priority systems 2020 Ingår i: Transportation Research Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-1465 .- 2352-1457. ; 48:2020, s. 939-945 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract There are some strategies suggested to improve the performance of intersections and increase the demand for public vehicles by prioritizing them. To this end, several methods have been used such as Transit Signal Priority (TSP) system for Light Rail transit (LRT). LRT signal priority is a timing strategy that gives priority to LRTs at signalized intersections through changing the sequence of phases, extending green time and reducing red time at LRT's phase. In this paper, we propose a model to improve LRT signal priority systems. The developed model minimizes the green extension and red reduction of LRT's phase by estimating an optimal speed for LRTs reaching the stop line. Consequently, the priority of LRTs would be maintained while the performance of private vehicles would be improved by decreasing their stop time.
11.	Hedvall, Klas, 1961, et al. (författare) Variety in freight transport service procurement approaches 2017 Ingår i: Transportation Research Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-1465 .- 2352-1457. ; 25, s. 806-823 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Freight transport is featured by complexity owing to interdependences within supply networks. The aim of this paper is to explore the variety in freight transport service procurement approaches and how these impact on vehicle utilization. The paper relies empirically on a case study featuring different conditions for, and approaches to, transport services from the perspectives of buyers and suppliers of transport services. Three particular dimensions are identified; (1) the nature of the transport needs, (2) the buying firms share of and influence on the utilization of vehicles, and (3) the division of labor with regard to how the firms handle their needs for transport services. The paper concludes that the variety of transport service procurement approaches impacts heavily on the conditions for vehicle utilization.
12.	Holguin-Veras, José, et al. (författare) Sustainable Urban Freight Systems and Freight Demand Management 2016 Ingår i: Transportation Research Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-1465 .- 2352-1457. ; 12, s. 40-52 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract The paper defines the field of Freight Demand Management (FDM) and positions it in the broad range of public sector initiatives aimed at improving urban freight activity. To illustrate the magnitude of the impacts of FDM, the paper estimates the contributions to freight traffic by the various industry sectors in a sample of metropolitan areas, establishes the role of freight behavior research, and summarizes the performance of a number of FDM initiatives. The paper ends with a discussion of policy implications and conclusions.
13.	Hurter, C., et al. (författare) Usage of more transparent and explainable conflict resolution algorithm : Air traffic controller feedback 2022 Ingår i: Transportation Research Procedia. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 2352-1457 .- 2352-1465. ; 66:C, s. 270-278 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Recently, Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms have received increasable interest in various application domains including in Air Transportation Management (ATM). Different AI in particular Machine Learning (ML) algorithms are used to provide decision support in autonomous decision-making tasks in the ATM domain e.g., predicting air transportation traffic and optimizing traffic flows. However, most of the time these automated systems are not accepted or trusted by the intended users as the decisions provided by AI are often opaque, non-intuitive and not understandable by human operators. Safety is the major pillar to air traffic management, and no black box process can be inserted in a decision-making process when human life is involved. To address this challenge related to transparency of the automated system in the ATM domain, we investigated AI methods in predicting air transportation traffic conflict and optimizing traffic flows based on the domain of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI). Here, AI models’ explainability in terms of understanding a decision i.e., post hoc interpretability and understanding how the model works i.e., transparency can be provided for air traffic controllers. In this paper, we report our research directions and our findings to support better decision making with AI algorithms with extended transparency.
14.	Johansson, Mikael, 1987, et al. (författare) Automation as an enabler: Passengers’ experience of travelling with a full-length automated bus and their expectations of a future public transport system 2023 Ingår i: Transportation Research Procedia. - 2352-1465 .- 2352-1457. ; 72, s. 957-964 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Twenty-two frequent public transport users experienced travelling with a fully automated, full-length bus on a test course that included nine simulated everyday traffic situations. Most participants experienced the journey as very positive and their trust in the automated system was high. In general, they were positive about using automated buses in the future but believed that this would not improve their travelling experience or change their travel behaviour without additional modifications to the system, such as dedicated public transport lanes etc. Many believed that the introduction of automated buses could create conditions for increased access to transport in rural areas and that the automated technology might enable new services that would have a great impact on public transport development, contributing a more individual, efficient and flexible public transport system.
15.	Karlsson, MariAnne, 1956, et al. (författare) Developing the ‘Service’ in Mobility as a Service: Experiences from a Field Trial of an Innovative Travel Brokerage 2016 Ingår i: Moving Forward: Innovative Solutions for Tomorrow's Mobility. Proceedings of the 6th Transport Research Arena TRA, Warsaw, Poland, April 18-21, 2016. - : Elsevier BV. ; 14, s. 3265-3273 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract This paper presents some of the findings from the trial and evaluation of an example of Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS). The service, UbiGo, was developed within the Go:Smart project in Gothenburg, Sweden. In total 195 individuals in 83 households became paying customers over a period of six months. Overall, outcome of the trial was positive, i.e. the service was used and the customers were satisfied, more so than with their previous travel solution. Based on questionnaires and interviews, key service attributes were identified, including the ‘transportation smorgasbord’ concept, simplicity, improved access and flexibility, convenience, and economy. It is argued that successful implementation of MaaS requires careful consideration of these design attributes. However, MaaS relies on cooperation and collaboration, on the notion of a co-operative and interconnected transport system (including services, infrastructure, information, and payment), where boundaries between not only transport modes are blurred but also between public and private operators. The evaluation of UbiGo indicated that the main obstacles to further dissemination of MaaS may be found within and between service providing companies and organisations in terms of, e.g. regulations and institutional barriers.
16.	La Torre, F., et al. (författare) Selection of the most appropriate roadside vehicle restraint system - the SAVeRS project 2016 Ingår i: Transportation Research Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-1465 .- 2352-1457. ; 14, s. 4237-4246 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Run Off Road (ROR) crashes are road accidents that often result in severe injuries or fatalities. To reduce the severity of ROR crashes, "forgiving roadsides" need to be designed and this includes identifying situations where there is a need for a Vehicle Restraint System (VRS) and what appropriate VRS should be selected for a specific location and traffic condition. Whilst there are standards covering testing, evaluation and classification of VRS within Europe (EN1317 parts 1 to 8), their selection, location and installation requirements are typically based upon national guidelines and standards, often produced by National Road Authorities (NRA) and/or overseeing organisations. Due to local conditions, these national guidelines vary across Europe. The European SAVeRS project, funded within the 2012 CEDR Transnational Research Programme "Safety", has developed a practical and readily understandable VRS guidance document and a user-friendly software tool which allow designers and road administrations to select the most appropriate solution in different road and traffic conditions. This paper describes the main outcomes of the project, the process to select the most appropriate roadside barrier, and the user friendly SAVeRS tool.
17.	Lind, Mikael, et al. (författare) Sea Traffic Management - Beneficial for all Maritime Stakeholders 2016 Ingår i: Transportation Research Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. ; 14, s. 183-192 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Sea Traffic Management is the idea of sharing information and collaborating to optimise the maritime transport chain while increasing safety and sustainability. The digital information on-board and on shore is abundant; however, the interconnection today is point-to-point and proprietary and stops the industry becoming more efficient. We will discuss how Sea Traffic Management will help the industry achieve improved predictability by introducing standards for key information and supplying an infrastructure for information exchange. This enables all actors involved in the transport to plan better and utilise their resources more efficiently. Shorter routes, just-in-time arrivals, shorter port calls are factors that will strengthen the competitiveness of the maritime sector. Improved situational awareness on the bridge and knowledge of planned routes will help optimised planning as well as reducing the number of incidents and accidents. The standard route exchange format submitted by the EU-financed MONALISA 2.0 project partners in 2014 is included in the current edition of the IEC standard, which was launched in August 2015. Solutions using that standard will start realising the benefits already next year. We will describe an infrastructure, which could work in a centralised manner but also has the flexibility to be organised in a more federative manner, similar to how the maritime world works in many aspects. Some key components are: a unique identifier for each voyage; that the information publisher controls who can access the data; that updated information should be made available in real-time; and that subscription to updated data will be the main trigger for many systems and processes. We will also describe the outcomes of the test beds in the MONALISA 2.0 project - The Sound: how shore and vessel can interact better in order improve safety in dense traffic areas; Port of Gothenburg and Port of Valencia - how collaborative decision making can improve operations for all involved actors; European Maritime Simulator Network - how new solutions can be tested in complex traffic situations and areas with real people on a large number of bridges, without risk. How large of an impact will all this have on the maritime transport industry? Based on a study from Linköping University, we believe that the number €1 billion/year in Europe due to shorter routes is only the tip of the benefit iceberg. In the study ship operators and society split the benefit 50/50. Ship operators save on fuel and other cost, society saves on reduced emissions, and other actors associated to maritime operations benefit from a higher degree of infrastructural use. We will also present results from other business cases developed during 2015, in which the benefits of Sea Traffic Management are elaborated on main stakeholders.
18.	Linder, Astrid, 1959-, et al. (författare) Open-Source Tools for Road User Safety Abessment from the VIRTUAL Project 2023 Ingår i: TRA Lisbon 2022 Conference Proceedings Transport Research Arena. - : Elsevier. ; 72, s. 423-430 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract In the abessment of road user and vehicle occupant safety, physical testing is limited to a few scenarios. Virtual testing (VT) offers an opportunity to advance transport safety by introducing additional test cases. The objective of the VIRTUAL project is to provide tools such as finite element models, guidelines and a corresponding platform to foster the uptake of VT. A VT platform, OpenVT, has been established and provides open-source human body models (HBMs) of both an average female and male, seated and standing, as well as a seat, generic vehicle and tram front models. The tool chain from virtual to physical testing has been illustrated in the low severity impact case where the seat evaluation tool was developed. The newly established organisation OVTO will run the OpenVT platform in the future and govern the evolution of the results of the VIRTUAL project after its completion.
19.	Lindholm, Maria, 1979, et al. (författare) Introducing elements of due diligence in sustainable urban freight transport planning 2016 Ingår i: Transportation Research Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-1465 .- 2352-1457. ; 12, s. 66-78 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract This paper presents the findings from a Delphi study that has investigated the feasibility of local authorities adopting an updated transport planning process that incorporates the concept of due diligence. The Delphi panel consisted of twenty experts representing local authorities, academia and other relevant freight stakeholders from Sweden, the United Kingdom (UK), Germany, France and The Netherlands that were engaged via email survey. This resulted in the development of a refined theoretical framework that enables freight to be fully considered in local authority transport planning. (C) 2016 The Authors.
20.	Luspay, T., et al. (författare) Ramp metering for flow maximisation and emission reduction – a set-based multi-objective design approach 2017 Ingår i: Transportation Research Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-1465 .- 2352-1457. ; 27, s. 937-944 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract A set-theoretical approach is presented for a multi-objective control design of the local ramp metering problem. Two control objectives are specified: first, the optimization of traffic performance, by the minimization of total time spent.Second, the emission factor of CO2 is minimized. The optimal state for traffic emission however lies in the unstable domain of the system. To resolve this inconsistency, the control problem is formalized in a set-theoretical context. For this purpose, the nonlinear METANET model is rewritten in a shifted coordinate frame in a parameter-varying, polytopic representation. Bounds on state-, input- and disturbance variables are expressed by convex polytopes. These sets are then used for the design of an interpolated H∞ controller that is capable of improving traffic conditions according to the prescribed multi-objective criteria.
21.	Manum, Bendik, et al. (författare) Improving GIS-based Models for Bicycling Speed Estimations 2019 Ingår i: Transportation Research Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-1465 .- 2352-1457. ; 42, s. 85-99 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract For reasons ranging from carbon emissions to public health, traffic planning as well as urban design aim to increase the modal share of bicycling on the cost of fossil fuel based commuting. However, most urban and traffic planning practices handle bicycling very schematically. Typically, tools for analyzing bicycling rely on fixed speed templates, paying little attention to the fact that bicycling speeds vary a lot depending on type of bicyclist and explicit properties of bicycle routes and the contexts of those routes. As long as very simplified assumptions form the basis for analysis, it is hard to make reliable comparisons of alternative proposals of urban form layouts and infrastructure investments. Therefore, from the perspective of traffic planning as well as from the perspective of urban planning and design, there is need for more refined methods for predicting bicycling speeds. This paper presents an outline for such a bicycling speed modelling tool. This work combines tools and measures from two recent bikeability modelling studies. One is an urban form based study of bicycle route networks, grasping issues related to geometrical directness of routes and various measures of accessibility and density. The other calculates likely speeds based on horizontal and vertical geometry of routes. The latter model uses an advanced statistical model to grasp dependence between adjacent road segments. The new combined model is estimated using GPS tracking of real bicycle trips in combination with GIS-based data of bicycle route networks and of the local contexts of the routes. More in detail, the new model includes parameters estimated for the following covariates: • route geometry (by slope and by horizontal curvature) • intersection impedances derived from type of junction (by presence of signal-crossings and by kinds of crossing streets categorized by amounts of traffic) • type of bicycle-route (bicycle lane in street, separate bicycle lane, combined walk- and bicycle lane or mixed-use streets) • kind of surface (smooth surface or gravel) • density of entrances along route (a proxy for slower bicycling due to urban/vibrant context) The modelling is based on so-called Markov-dependence, including that the covariates are used to estimate continuous speed profiles along entire routes, and not only average speed levels on road segments seen separate and independent. Through this, the new model results in more realistic speed estimations than the previous models. The paper presents the result from applying the tool on a sample of bicycle routes in Gothenburg and compares the results with analyses from previous models and with empirical data of bicycling along the same routes.
22.	Pogodzinska, Sylwia, et al. (författare) Bicycle Traffic Volume Estimation Based on GPS Data 2020 Ingår i: Transportation Research Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-1457 .- 2352-1465. ; 45, s. 874-881 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract All the analytic methods for assessing the safety or comfort of bicyclists in urban area have as a common factor the number of bicycles that enter the system in a certain time interval or an estimate of that. The estimation of the average bicycle volume based on manual and automatic measurements is time-consuming and often require the use of expensive technology. The paper presents a method of estimation based on GPS data from a bike sharing system as a low-cost option for data collection. The analysis was made for the city of Krakow (Poland), using the daily volume of bicycles from 5 automatic counter loops and GPS data from a bike sharing system called Wavelo. Based on the two-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey post-hoc test, the influence of "localization" and "day of the week" factors on the share of Wavelo bicycles in the entire bicycle flow was estimated. It was shown that examined share is not significantly different between individual days of the week, but changes significantly between analyzed locations. Developed models are characterized by high R2 coefficients (exceeding 0.90) and the average error of estimation up to 11.5%. The results of the studies show that bicycle volume can be estimated based on GPS data from bike sharing system. However, it is necessary to carry out control measurements to verify developed models and their possible application in other locations.
23.	Quak, Hans, et al. (författare) Freight Partnerships to City Logistics Living Labs - Giving Meaning to the Elusive Concept of Living Labs 2016 Ingår i: Transportation Research Procedia 12 ( 2016 ) 461 – 473. - : Elsevier. - 2352-1465 .- 2352-1457. Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract The paper discusses the growing importance of urban freight research given the increasing urban population trends. The complexity of urban freight systems means that it is essential for the public and private sectors to work together - one way to achieve this has been through freight partnerships. A short review of freight partnerships highlights the way in which they have fostered mutual understanding among urban freight stakeholders. The literature on shared situational awareness (SSA) and joint knowledge production (JKP) has been adapted to position freight partnerships and to further develop and link these partnerships to the concept of a living laboratory concerned with urban freight transport. This novel application of the living lab concept is introduced. Next, the first phases of a city logistics living lab brought in practice in Rotterdam are shortly mentioned. The living lab concept fits the complexities of the urban freight system well and has been a cornerstone of a recently started major freight project in the EU (CITYLAB).
24.	Seredynski, M., et al. (författare) Benefits and Challenges of Integration of High-Capacity Autonomous Buses to Public Transport Operations 2023 Ingår i: Transportation Research Procedia. - 2352-1465 .- 2352-1457. ; 72, s. 4191-4198 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract High-capacity autonomous buses can make bus travel safer, smoother, and more energy efficient. However, despite clear societal and environmental benefits there are still several challenges to be addrebed. In this article we present the outcomes of two research projects focusing on the public acceptance of high-capacity autonomous buses. Results indicate high degree of trust towards automation safety. However, in certain conditions, such as driving alone at night, perceived security appears to be an issue. In such circumstances digital forms of assistance replacing drivers will most likely not guarantee a sufficient degree of security. The paper also argues that bus automation is not a silver bullet to make PT more attractive. Instead, it shall be seen as rather an enabler of new applications allowing to efficiently prioritize PT in traffic flows to make it an attractive choice.
25.	Strömberg, Helena, 1985, et al. (författare) Enhancing Utilitarian Cycling: A Case Study 2016 Ingår i: Transportation Research Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-1465 .- 2352-1457. ; 14, s. 2352-2361 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract An increase in utilitarian cycling could have many benefits for society as well as the individual. Today, cycling is however used for only a small share of everyday trips. Several studies have identified factors that facilitate or hinder an increase in everyday cycling (e.g. built environment; weather; attitudes) but one factor missing from this list is the bicycle per se and its effect on the willingness to cycle. The paper presents the results of an interview study with participants (Ps) of a field trial where they promised to replace three days worth of car journeys with bicycling. Main questions posed were: how did the Ps in the field trial experience trying to shift their transport behaviours? and what role did the bicycle designs play in the attempt to shift travel behaviour? An assumption behind the project was that the present development of bicycles and accessories was an interesting entry point to increase utilitarian bicycling with potential to replace car use to a higher degree for a wider target group than ordinary bicycles. Ps were therefore guided regarding the choice of bicycle, i.e. they had to specify their needs in relation to bicycle design based on which trips they intended to use the bicycle for, and other everyday factors that could influence how and for what they would use a bicycle. The results show that cycling became the normal mode of transport for the Ps after a short period of acclimatisation and a longer period of regular cycling; they claimed that to have established a new habit. The Ps painted a very positive image of cycling as a mean of transport: as convenient, flexible, energizing, relaxing and fun. With regards to physical health, the Ps reported improvements in terms of loosing weight and lowering blood pressure. The Ps had also discovered new uses for the bicycle, aside from the intended commuting. The personalized choices of bicycle had helped the Ps overcome some initial barriers to increased utilitarian cycling, such as lacking sufficient fitness, uncomfortable, long distances, being tired, too much effort, difficulties with trip chaining, shopping and picking up children with the help of their bicycles, but other barriers remained including bad weather, being too busy, lack of time, lack of daylight, inconvenience, too dangerous and too much traffic. The study shows that it is possible to establish new habits, given certain preconditions. A bicycle that fits the individual's needs can increase the adoption of utilitarian cycling, but potential users need to be made aware of their existence and special characteristics. However, bicycle designs cannot remove all perceived obstacles. The design and interplay between different parts of the transport system sets the boundaries for the actions that are available and hence for any behavioural shift.

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