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1.	Andersson, Olof, et al. (författare) Enhancing Open-Circuit Voltage in Gradient Organic Solar Cells by Rectifying Thermalization Losses 2020 Ingår i: Solar RRL. - : Wiley-VCH Verlagsgesellschaft. - 2367-198X. ; 4:12 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In virtually all solar cells, including optimized ones that operate close to the Shockley-Queisser (SQ) limit, thermalization losses are a major, efficiency-limiting factor. In typical bulk heterojunction organic solar cells, the loss of the excess energy of photocreated charge carriers in the disorder-broadened density of states is a relatively slow process that for commonly encountered disorder values takes longer than the charge extraction time. Herein, it is demonstrated by numerical modeling that this slow relaxation can be rectified by means of a linear gradient in the donor:acceptor ratio between anode and cathode. For experimentally relevant parameters, open-circuit voltage (VOC) enhancements up to approximate to 0.2 V in combination with significant enhancements in fill factor as compared to devices without gradient are found. The VOC enhancement can be understood in terms of a simple nonequilibrium effective temperature model. Implications for existing and future organic photovoltaics (OPV) devices are discussed.
2.	Aung, Soe Ko Ko, et al. (författare) Improved Efficiency of Perovskite Solar Cells with Low-Temperature-Processed Carbon by Introduction of a Doping-Free Polymeric Hole Conductor 2022 Ingår i: Solar RRL. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2367-198X. ; 6:8 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Low-temperature-processed carbon-based perovskite solar cells (C-PSCs) are promising photovoltaic devices, because of their good stability, low cost, and simple preparation methods, which allow for scalable processing. Herein, C-PSCs with the n-i-p structure are prepared, using a SnO2 nanoparticles film as the electron-selective contact, MAPbI(3) perovskite as the intrinsic absorber layer (MA = methylammonium), and a carbon layer as the hole-selective layer and conductor. Carbon is, however, not an ideal hole-selective layer and it is found that improved solar cell performance can be obtained by introducing a polymeric hole conductor between the perovskite and the carbon layer. Specifically, undoped poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) is used for this purpose, as it is stable and highly hydrophobic. For ITO/SnO2/MAPbI(3)/carbon devices, a solar cell efficiency of up to 12.8% is obtained, increasing up to 15.7% with the inclusion of a P3HT layer, which increases open-circuit potential, photocurrent, and fill factor (FF). In comparison, ITO/SnO2/MAPbI(3)/P3HT/Au devices performed rather poorly (up to 11.7%). Encouraging stability is obtained for unencapsulated C-PSC devices: P3HT/carbon devices do not show any degradation in solar cell performance upon storage for 1 month in low humidity, while they maintain 70% of their initial efficiency after 900 h at 82 degrees C in air.
3.	Bogachuk, Dmitry, et al. (författare) Rethinking Electrochemical Deposition of Nickel Oxide for Photovoltaic Applications 2024 Ingår i: Solar RRL. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2367-198X. ; 8:2 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract A thin layer of sputtered or wet-processed nickel oxide (NiOx) is often used to fabricate perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Remarkably, NiOx can also be deposited by a recently developed electrochemical method, which is considered promising due to its short processing time, absence of high-vacuum conditions, and ease of manufacturing. Such electrochemically deposited NiOx (eleNiOx) is obtained by applying an electric bias to the front electrode of a PSC or perovskite solar module (PSM). Therefore, the electrode sheet resistance affects the current distribution through it, creating a gradient in the amount of charge provided for the electrochemical reaction. Consequently, this leads to the inhomogeneity in the formed eleNiOx, which has numerous implications on the final photovoltaic performance of PSMs. In this work, the interdependencies between the electrode sheet resistance, current distribution, eleNiOx thickness gradient, and the caused power losses of large area PSMs are discussed. By coupling the experimental findings with our numerical simulations, it is found that heterogeneity in surface potential of even small-sized modules can lead to severe differences in local eleNiOx thickness and photovoltaic performance. Therefore the potential drop across the front electrode is an inherent problem of this deposition method and potential approaches are proposed to minimize it. The synergy between several numerical simulation methods and the experimental work provides an additional critical insight into the electrochemical deposition process of nickel oxide and how important it is for the performance and stability of the large-area perovskite photovoltaic modules. It is believed that the conclusions drawn from this study are universally applicable to other electrochemically deposited layers as well.image (c) 2023 WILEY-VCH GmbH
4.	Bose, Sourav, et al. (författare) Optical Lithography Patterning of SiO2 Layers for Interface Passivation of Thin Film Solar Cells 2018 Ingår i: Solar RRL. - : Wiley. - 2367-198X. ; 2:12 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Ultrathin Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 solar cells are a promising way to reduce costs and to increase the electrical performance of thin film solar cells. An optical lithography process that can produce sub-micrometer contacts in a SiO2 passivation layer at the CIGS rear contact is developed in this work. Furthermore, an optimization of the patterning dimensions reveals constrains over the features sizes. High passivation areas of the rear contact are needed to passivate the CIGS interface so that high performing solar cells can be obtained. However, these dimensions should not be achieved by using long distances between the contacts as they lead to poor electrical performance due to poor carrier extraction. This study expands the choice of passivation materials already known for ultrathin solar cells and its fabrication techniques.
5.	Calnan, Sonya, et al. (författare) Development of Various Photovoltaic‐Driven Water Electrolysis Technologies for Green Solar Hydrogen Generation 2021 Ingår i: Solar RRL. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2367-198X. ; 6:5 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Direct solar hydrogen generation via a combination of photovoltaics (PV) and water electrolysis can potentially ensure a sustainable energy supply while minimizing greenhouse emissions. The PECSYS project aims at demonstrating asolar-driven electrochemical hydrogen generation system with an area >10 m2 with high efficiency and at reasonable cost. Thermally integrated PV electrolyzers(ECs) using thin-film silicon, undoped, and silver-doped Cu(In,Ga)Se2 and silicon heterojunction PV combined with alkaline electrolysis to form one unit are developed on a prototype level with solar collection areas in the range from 64 to2600 cm2 with the solar-to-hydrogen (StH) efficiency ranging from 4 to 13%. Electrical direct coupling of PV modules to a proton exchange membrane EC test the effects of bifacially (730 cm2 solar collection area) and to study the long-term operation under outdoor conditions (10 m2 collection area) is also investigated. In both cases, StH efficiencies exceeding 10% can be maintained over the test periods used. All the StH efficiencies reported are based on measured gas outflow using mass flow meters.
6.	Campanari, Valerio, et al. (författare) Reevaluation of Photoluminescence Intensity as an Indicator of Efficiency in Perovskite Solar Cells 2022 Ingår i: Solar RRL. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2367-198X. ; 6:8 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The photoluminescence (PL) intensity is often used as an indicator of the performance of perovskite solar cells and indeed the PL technique is often used for the characterization of these devices and their constituent materials. Herein, a systematic approach is presented to the comparison of the conversion efficiency and the PL intensity of a cell in both open-circuit (OC) and short-circuit (SC) conditions and its application to multiple heterogeneous devices. It is shown that the quenching of the PL observed in SC conditions is a good parameter to assess the device efficiency. The authors explain the dependence of the PL quenching ratio between OC and SC on the cell efficiency with a simple model that is also able to estimate the carrier extraction time of a device.
7.	Cheng, Ming, et al. (författare) A Perylenediimide Tetramer-Based 3D Electron Transport Material for Efficient Planar Perovskite Solar Cell 2017 Ingår i: Solar RRL. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2367-198X. ; 1:5 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract A perylenediimide (PDI) tetramer-based three dimensional (3D) molecular material, termed SFX-PDI4, has been designed, synthesized, and characterized. The low-lying HOMO and LUMO energy levels, high electron mobility and good film-formation property make it a promising electron transport material (ETM) in inverted planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The device exhibits a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.3% with negligible hysteresis, which can rival that of device based on PC61BM. These results demonstrate that three dimensional PDI-based molecular materials could serve as high performance ETMs in PSCs.
8.	Cunha, Jose M. V., et al. (författare) High-Performance and Industrially Viable Nanostructured SiOx Layers for Interface Passivation in Thin Film Solar Cells 2021 Ingår i: Solar RRL. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2367-198X. ; 5:3 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Herein, it is demonstrated, by using industrial techniques, that a passivation layer with nanocontacts based on silicon oxide (SiOx) leads to significant improvements in the optoelectronical performance of ultrathin Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 (CIGS) solar cells. Two approaches are applied for contact patterning of the passivation layer: point contacts and line contacts. For two CIGS growth conditions, 550 and 500 degrees C, the SiOx passivation layer demonstrates positive passivation properties, which are supported by electrical simulations. Such positive effects lead to an increase in the light to power conversion efficiency value of 2.6% (absolute value) for passivated devices compared with a nonpassivated reference device. Strikingly, both passivation architectures present similar efficiency values. However, there is a trade-off between passivation effect and charge extraction, as demonstrated by the trade-off between open-circuit voltage (V-oc) and short-circuit current density (J(sc)) compared with fill factor (FF). For the first time, a fully industrial upscalable process combining SiOx as rear passivation layer deposited by chemical vapor deposition, with photolithography for line contacts, yields promising results toward high-performance and low-cost ultrathin CIGS solar cells with champion devices reaching efficiency values of 12%, demonstrating the potential of SiOx as a passivation material for energy conversion devices.
9.	Dagar, Janardan, et al. (författare) Alkali Salts as Interface Modifiers in n-i-p Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells 2019 Ingår i: Solar RRL. - : Wiley. - 2367-198X. ; 3:9 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract After demonstration of a 23% power conversion efficiency, a high operational stability is the next most important scientific and technological challenge in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). A potential failure mechanism is tied to a bias-induced ion migration, which causes current–voltage hysteresis and a decay in the device performance over time. Herein, alkali salts are shown to mitigate hysteresis and stabilize device performance in n-i-p hybrid planar PSCs. Different alkali salts of potassium chloride, iodide, and nitrate as well as sodium chloride and iodide are deposited from aqueous solution onto the n-type contact, based on SnO2, prior to deposition of the perovskite absorber Cs0.05(FA0.83MA0.17)0.95Pb(I0.83Br0.17)3. Introduction of potassium-based alkali salts suppresses the current–voltage hysteresis and stabilizes the operational device stability at the maximum power point. This is attributed to the suppression of hole trapping at the n-type selective transport layer (SnO2)/perovskite interface observed by surface photovoltage spectroscopy, which is interpreted to reduce interfacial recombination and improve charge carrier extraction. The best and most stable performance of 19% is achieved using potassium nitrate as the interface modifier. Devices with higher and more stable performance exhibit substantially lower current transients, analyzed during maximum power point tracking.
10.	Duan, Chunhui, et al. (författare) Improving Performance of All-Polymer Solar Cells Through Backbone Engineering of Both Donors and Acceptors 2018 Ingår i: Solar RRL. - : Wiley. - 2367-198X. ; 2:12 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract All-polymer solar cells (APSCs), composed of semiconducting donor and acceptor polymers, have attracted considerable attention due to their unique advantages compared to polymer-fullerene-based devices in terms of enhanced light absorption and morphological stability. To improve the performance of APSCs, the morphology of the active layer must be optimized. By employing a random copolymerization strategy to control the regularity of the backbone of the donor polymers (PTAZ-TPDx) and acceptor polymers (PNDI-Tx) the morphology can be systematically optimized by tuning the polymer packing and crystallinity. To minimize effects of molecular weight, both donor and acceptor polymers have number-average molecular weights in narrow ranges. Experimental and coarse-grained modeling results disclose that systematic backbone engineering greatly affects the polymer crystallinity and ultimately the phase separation and morphology of the all-polymer blends. Decreasing the backbone regularity of either the donor or the acceptor polymer reduces the local crystallinity of the individual phase in blend films, affording reduced short-circuit current densities and fill factors. This two-dimensional crystallinity optimization strategy locates a PCE maximum at highest crystallinity for both donor and acceptor polymers. Overall, this study demonstrates that proper control of both donor and acceptor polymer crystallinity simultaneously is essential to optimize APSC performance.
11.	Durgaryan, Ranush, et al. (författare) Enhancement of Hole Extraction Efficiency of Dibenzothiophenes by Substitution Engineering : Toward Additive-Free Perovskite Solar Cells with Power Conversion Efficiency Exceeding 20% 2022 Ingår i: Solar RRL. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2367-198X. ; 6:7 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Replacement of hole-transporting materials (HTM) for additive-free perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is an urgent issue. In this work, three new derivatives of dibenzothiophene with methoxyphenyl, trimethoxyphenyl, carbazole moieties are synthesized as hole-transporting materials for PSCs. The hole density dynamics and hole transporting properties of synthesized dibenzothiophene derivatives are investigated by combination of the charge extraction by linearly increasing voltage (CELIV) and time-of-flight (TOF) techniques. The TOF hole mobility (mu(h)) of one compound reaches the highest value of 4.2 x 10(-3) cm(2) V(-1)s(-1) at an electric field of 2.5 x 10(5) V cm(-1), however additive-free layers in PSCs did not show the best performance. Instead, the PSC efficiency is determined by a trade-off between the hole-mobility properties and the "effective" hole recombination rate k(B) ranging 0.5-40.3 ms(-1) as determined by means of the CELIV method. The best hole extraction properties are observed for a compound with mu(h) of 9.45 x 10(-4) cm(2) V(-1)s(-1) and k(B) of 11.8 ms(-1) which is coherent with its lowest energetic disorder sigma of 78.2 meV. Having both appropriate hole density dynamics and hole-transporting properties, hole-transporting layer of that compound allows to reach PCE of 20.9% for additive-free PSC, which is among the state-of-art values for devices with undoped HTM.
12.	Ericson, Tove, 1983-, et al. (författare) Zinc-Tin-Oxide Buffer Layer and Low Temperature Post Annealing Resulting in a 9.0% Efficient Cd-Free Cu2ZnSnS4 Solar Cell 2017 Ingår i: Solar RRL. - : Wiley. - 2367-198X. ; 1:5 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Zn1−xSnxOy (ZTO) has yielded promising results as a buffer material for the full sulfur Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS), with efficiencies continuously surpassing its CdS-references. ZTO can be deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD), enabling tuning of the conduction band position through the choice of metal ratio or deposition temperature. Thus, an optimization of the conduction band alignment between ZTO and CZTS can be achieved. The ZTO bandgap is generally larger than that of CdS and can therefore yield higher currents due to reduced losses in the short wavelength region. Another advantage is the possibility to omit the toxic Cd. In this study, the ALD process temperature was varied from 105 to 165 °C. Current-blocked devices were obtained at 105 °C, while the highest open-circuit voltage and device efficiency was achieved for 145 °C. The highest fill factor was seen at 165 °C. The best efficiency reached in this study was 9.0%, which, to our knowledge, is the highest efficiency reported for Cd-free full-sulfur CZTS. We also show that the effect of heat needs to be taken into account. The results indicate that part of the device improvement comes from heating the absorber, but that the benefit of using a ZTO-buffer is clear.
13.	Etherden, Nicholas, et al. (författare) Using Online Solar Photovoltaics Inverter Measurements to Determine the Hosting Capacity of Distribution Grids 2023 Ingår i: Solar RRL. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2367-198X. ; 7:22 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
14.	Fan, Qunping, et al. (författare) 10.13% Efficiency All-Polymer Solar Cells Enabled by Improving the Optical Absorption of Polymer Acceptors 2020 Ingår i: Solar RRL. - : Wiley. - 2367-198X. ; 4:6 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The limited light absorption capacity for most polymer acceptors hinders the improvement of the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs). Herein, by simultaneously increasing the conjugation of the acceptor unit and enhancing the electron-donating ability of the donor unit, a novel narrow-bandgap polymer acceptor PF3-DTCO based on an A–D–A-structured acceptor unit ITIC16 and a carbon–oxygen (C–O)-bridged donor unit DTCO is developed. The extended conjugation of the acceptor units from IDIC16 to ITIC16 results in a red-shifted absorption spectrum and improved absorption coefficient without significant reduction of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level. Moreover, in addition to further broadening the absorption spectrum by the enhanced intramolecular charge transfer effect, the introduction of C–O bridges into the donor unit improves the absorption coefficient and electron mobility, as well as optimizes the morphology and molecular order of active layers. As a result, the PF3-DTCO achieves a higher PCE of 10.13% with a higher short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 15.75 mA cm−2 in all-PSCs compared with its original polymer acceptor PF2-DTC (PCE = 8.95% and Jsc = 13.82 mA cm−2). Herein, a promising method is provided to construct high-performance polymer acceptors with excellent optical absorption for efficient all-PSCs.
15.	Feng, Junyi, et al. (författare) The Role of Energy Offsets on Charge Photogeneration Dynamics in Y-Series Molecules-Based Polymer Solar Cells 2023 Ingår i: Solar RRL. - 2367-198X. ; 7:16 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Recent research has revealed that low-energy offset polymer solar cells (PSCs) are capable of a power conversion efficiency of over 19%. However, it is unclear how energy offsets and the charge photogeneration process are correlated. Herein, the effect of energy offsets on charge photogeneration dynamics for Y-series molecules (Y5, Y6, Y10, and BTP-4F-12)-based PSCs with the variations of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy offsets (ΔELUMO) of 0.11–0.42 eV and the highest occupied molecular orbital energy offsets (ΔEHOMO) of 0.08–0.23 eV utilizing steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopies is studied. The steady-state measurement shows that the probability of photoluminescence quenching via energy transfer for the donor exciton reduces with the increasing ΔELUMO. It is found that even in PM6:Y6 with the highest ΔELUMO, ≈18% of PM6 exciton dissociated via the path of “energy transfer first and then hole transfer,” manifesting the energy transfer also plays a vital role in the process of exciton dissociation. Furthermore, it is found that the PM6 exciton can efficiently dissociate under the ΔELUMO of 0.11 eV. After photoexcitation of the Y-series molecule acceptors, the exciton dissociation efficiency enhances with the increase of ΔEHOMO. Besides, the higher energy offsets, the lower charge recombination rate in the ultrafast timescale has been found from the transient absorption measurement. These findings reveal that energy offsets are important for charge photogeneration and recombination in an ultrafast timescale for Y-series molecule-based PSCs, which may shed light on the design of high-performance PSCs.
16.	Grott, S., et al. (författare) Solvent Tuning of the Active Layer Morphology of Non-Fullerene Based Organic Solar Cells 2022 Ingår i: Solar RRL. - : Wiley. - 2367-198X. ; 6:6 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Non-fullerene acceptor (NFA)-based organic solar cells have made tremendous progress in recent years. For the neat NFA system PBDB-T:ITIC, the film morphology and crystallinity are tailored by the choice of the solvent used for spin coating the active layers. Three different chlorinated solvents, chlorobenzene (CB), chloroform, and dichlorobenzene, are compared and the obtained active layer morphology is correlated with the optoelectronic properties and the device performance. The small domain sizes in the case of CB are most beneficial for the device performance, whereas the largest number or size of face-on PBDB-T crystallites is not causing the highest power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). In addition, when using CB, the number of edge-on crystallites is highest and the distances between neighboring domains are small. The smoothest blend films are realized with CB, which exhibit correlated roughness with their substrates and no large aggregates have formed in these blend films. Thus, CB offers the best way to balance the aggregation and crystallization kinetics in the active layer and enables the highest PCE values.
17.	Hua, Yong, et al. (författare) Composite Hole-Transport Materials Based on a Metal-Organic Copper Complex and Spiro-OMeTAD for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells 2018 Ingår i: Solar RRL. - : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH. - 2367-198X. ; 2:5 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Spiro-OMeTAD has been the most commonly used hole-transport material in perovskite solar cells. However, this material shows intrinisic drawbacks, such as low hole mobility and conductivity in its pristine form, as well as self-aggregation when deposited as thin film. These are not beneficial properties for efficient hole transport and extraction. In order to address these issues, we have designed a new type of composite hole-transport materials based on a new metal-organic copper complex (CuH) and Spiro-OMeTAD. The incorporation of the molecularly bulky HTM CuH into the Spiro-OMeTAD material efficiently improves the hole mobility and suppresses the aggregation in the Spiro-OMeTAD film. As a result, the conversion efficiencies obtained for perovskite solar cells based on the composite HTM system reached as high as 18.83%, which is superior to solar cells based on the individual hole-transport materials CuH (15.75%) or Spiro-OMeTAD (14.47%) under the same working conditions. These results show that composite HTM systems may constitute an effective strategy to further improve the efficiency of perovskite solar cells.
18.	Huang, Jing, 1987-, et al. (författare) Triplex Glass Laminates with Silicon Quantum Dots for Luminescent Solar Concentrators 2020 Ingår i: Solar RRL. - : Wiley. - 2367-198X. ; 4:9 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Luminescent solar concentrator (LSC) is a promising technology to integrate semitransparent photovoltaic (PV) systems into modern buildings and vehicles. Silicon quantum dots (QDs) are good candidates as fluorophores in LSCs, due to the absence of overlap between absorption and emission spectra, high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), good stability, nontoxicity, and element abundance. Herein, LSCs based on Si QDs/polymer nanocomposites are fabricated in a triplex glass configuration. A special polymer matrix (off-stoichiometric thiol-ene, OSTE) is used, which improves Si nanocrystal quantum yield. Herein, a comprehensive investigation to improve the performance of LSCs by exploring different strategies under the guidance of a theoretical description is conducted. Among these strategies, the systematical enhancement of PLQY of the nanocomposite is achieved by tuning the thiol/allyl group ratio in the OSTE matrix. In addition, ligand selection and loading optimization for QDs reduce the total scattering loss in the device. Finally, an optical power efficiency of 7.9% is achieved for an optimized LSC prototype (9 x 9 x 0.6 cm(3), transmittance approximate to 62% at 500 nm) based on Si QDs/OSTE nanocomposite, which shows good potential of this material system in LSC fabrication.
19.	Jasiunas, Rokas, et al. (författare) Thermally Activated Reverse Electron Transfer Limits Carrier Generation Efficiency in PM6:Y6 Non-Fullerene Organic Solar Cells 2022 Ingår i: Solar RRL. - : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH. - 2367-198X. ; 6:6 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Transient absorption and time-resolved fluorescence measurements in a wide temperature range are used to investigate the mechanism of charge carrier generation in efficient organic solar cells based on a PM6:Y6 donor-acceptor blend. The generation mechanisms differ significantly under excitation of a donor or acceptor. The investigations reveal a temperature-dependent interplay between the formation of interfacial charge transfer (CT) states and intra-moiety CT states of the acceptor, their separation into free charge carriers and carrier recombination. The efficient charge carrier generation is ensured by the carrier separation over a small energy barrier, which is easily surmountable at room temperature. However, the overall yield of charge carrier generation at room temperature is reduced by the recombination of charge carriers due to the thermally activated back transfer of electrons from the acceptor to the donor via the highest occupied molecular orbit (HOMO) levels, which is enabled by the small energy offset between HOMO levels of the donor and the acceptor.
20.	Ji, Fuxiang, 1991-, et al. (författare) Challenges and Progress in Lead-Free Halide Double Perovskite Solar Cells 2023 Ingår i: Solar RRL. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2367-198X. ; 7:6 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Lead-free halide double perovskites (HDPs) with a chemical formula of A(2)B(+)B(3+)X(6) are booming as attractive alternatives to solve the toxicity issue of lead-based halide perovskites (APbX(3)). HDPs show excellent stability, a wide range of possible combinations, and attractive optoelectronic features. Although a number of novel HDPs have been studied, the power conversion efficiency of the state-of-the-art double perovskite solar cell is still far inferior to that of the dominant Pb-based ones. Understanding the fundamental challenges is essential for further increasing device efficiency. In this review, HDPs with attractive electronic and optical properties are focused on, and current challenges in material properties and device fabrication that limit high-efficiency photovoltaics are analyzed. Finally, the promising approaches and views to overcome these bottlenecks are highlighted.
21.	Ji, Jingjing, et al. (författare) Developing Halogen-Free Polymer Donors for Efficient Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells by Addition of Highly Electron-Deficient Diketopyrrolopyrrole Unit 2021 Ingår i: Solar RRL. - : Wiley. - 2367-198X. ; 5:5 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract High-performance polymer donors when paired with nonfullerene acceptors are mainly limited to flanking halogenated benzodithiophene (BDT)-based π-conjugated copolymers, which however involve complex synthetic procedures. Herein, a series of halogen-free polymer donors that link BDT moiety with two highly electron-deficient benzodithiophene-dione (BDD) and diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) units with various molar ratios is developed. Compared with the benchmark PBDB-T donor containing BDD unit, additional incorporation of a stronger electron-negative DPP unit markedly lowers frontier molecular orbital levels and extends optical absorption, potentially leading to simultaneously enhanced VOC and JSC in organic solar cells. A remarkable power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.28% is thus obtained in the optimal P75 (BDD : DPP = 3:1 mol%) and Y6 blend cells in comparison with the reference PBDB-T:Y6 (9.20%). A slight addition of PC71BM into the blend is found to further generate finer phase-separated domains and thus increase the best efficiency up to 12.20%. The subtly critical roles of PC71BM are determined by transient absorption measurements on both thin-film and in situ devices to be the prolonged free charge carrier lifetime and the shallow charge transfer states, which enhance JSC and fill factor in the device, respectively.
22.	Jian, Jingxin, et al. (författare) A Review of Recent Progress on Silicon Carbide for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting 2020 Ingår i: Solar RRL. - : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH. - 2367-198X. ; 4:7 Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract Solar water splitting based on semiconductor photoelectrodes is a promising route to convert solar energy into renewable hydrogen fuel. Since the pioneering work of photoelectrochemical (PEC) systems in 1972, a large variety of semiconductors such as oxides, sulfides, phosphides, and silicon have been studied in the context of PEC water splitting configuration. Among them, silicon carbide (SiC) exhibits an excellent energy band structure that straddles the water redox potentials. In particular, cubic SiC (3C-SiC), with a suitable bandgap of 2.36 eV, is favorable for visible sunlight absorption. Recently, 3C-SiC has attracted much interest in PEC water splitting. In this review, the progress, challenges, and prospects of using SiC for PEC water splitting are summarized.
23.	Jian, Jingxin, et al. (författare) Cubic SiC Photoanode Coupling with Ni:FeOOH Oxygen-Evolution Cocatalyst for Sustainable Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation 2020 Ingår i: Solar RRL. - : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH. - 2367-198X. ; 4:1 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract As an efficient water oxidation cocatalyst, the Earth-abundant nickel-iron oxyhydroxide (Ni:FeOOH) is introduced to coat on the cubic silicon carbide (3C-SiC) photoanode surface for improving the photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation performance. The FeOOH is prepared on the 3C-SiC photoanode surface by hydrothermal deposition, followed by a photoassisted electrodeposition of NiOOH. It is shown that the Ni:FeOOH layer is composed of the beta-FeOOH nanorods with a conformal coating of the amorphous NiOOH. Under AM1.5G 100 mW cm(-2) illumination, the 3C-SiC/Ni:FeOOH photoanode exhibits a very low onset potential of 0.2 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (V-RHE) and a high photocurrent density of 1.15 mA cm(-2) at 1.23 V-RHE, distinctly outperforming the 3C-SiC and the 3C-SiC/FeOOH counterparts. Open-circuit potential and impedance spectroscopy results demonstrate that the nanostructured Ni:FeOOH layer on the 3C-SiC surface increases the photovoltage and promotes the charge transfer toward the electrolyte, thus significantly improving the PEC water-splitting performance. These results provide new insights for the development of photoanodes toward efficient solar-fuel generation.
24.	Jiang, Xinyu, et al. (författare) Film Formation Kinetics of Polymer Donor and Nonfullerene Acceptor Active Layers During Printing Out of 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene in Ambient Conditions 2023 Ingår i: Solar RRL. - : Wiley. - 2367-198X. ; 7:6 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Slot-die coating is a promising upscaling fabrication method to promote commercialization in the field of organic solar cells. Herein, the nonfullerene active layer blend of a conjugated polymer PffBT4T-2OD and a small molecule acceptor EH-IDTBR, which is printed out of the nonhalogenated solvent 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, is studied. The film formation kinetics of the active layer PffBT4T-2OD:EH-IDTBR is probed in terms of the temporal evolutions in morphology as well as molecular conformation and aggregation as revealed by in situ grazing-incidence small angle X-ray scattering and UV–vis spectroscopy during the film printing process. A five-regime mesoscale domain growth process is observed in the active layer from the liquid state to the final dry state. The solvent evaporation-induced domain growth is accompanied with molecular stacking in a distinct J-type aggregation of the acceptor and a slight H-type aggregation of the donor molecules. The printed active layers exhibit an edge-on dominated PffBT4T-2OD and a face-on dominated EH-IDTBR crystallite structure. Compared to the neat PffBT4T-2OD and EH-IDTBR films, in the active layer, the crystallite structure deviates slightly in lattice spacing.
25.	Jiang, Zeyu, et al. (författare) Enhanced Interface Charge Transfer of Z-Scheme Photocatalyst by Br Substitution at the Bay Position in Perylene Tetracarboxylic Diimide 2020 Ingår i: Solar RRL. - : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH. - 2367-198X. ; 4:10 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Z-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts (ZsHP) have attracted significant attention due to their excellent carrier recombination suppression and charge potential enhancement properties. However, the photocatalytic performance of ZsHP is limited by inefficient charge transfer at the heterojunction interface, mainly due to electron trapping by O-2 or H+ in part B and the large energy gap between its conduction band (CB) and the valence band (VB) of part A. Herein, perylene tetracarboxylic diimide (PTCDI, part B) and g-C3N4 (part A) are used to fabricate an organic ZsHP (PI-g-C3N4) as a novel strategy to significantly improve interfacial charge transfer efficiency by tailoring the Br substitution at the PTCDI bay position. Br substitution at the bay position reduce electron trapping in part B and bring the CB of part B closer to the VB of part A. Moreover, Br substitution enhance the electric field from g-C3N4 to PTCDI, enhancing the interfacial charge transfer of the ZsHP. These findings enable the design of ZsHP with tunable interface electron-transfer efficiencies.

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