| 1. |
- Aneq Åström, Meriam, et al.
(författare)
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Determination of right ventricular volume and function using multiple axially rotated MRI slices
- 2011
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Ingår i: Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging. - : Blackwell Publishing Ltd. - 1475-0961 .- 1475-097X. ; 31:3, s. 233-239
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pandgt;Background: The conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method for right ventricular (RV) volume and motion, using short-axis (SA) orientation, is limited by RV anatomy and shape. We suggest an orientation based on six slices rotated around the long axis of the RV, rotated long axis (RLA). Materials and methods: Three phantoms were investigated in SA and RLA using cine balanced steady-state free precession MRI. Volumes were calculated based on segmentation and checked against true volumes. In 23 healthy male volunteers, we used six long-axis planes from the middle of the tricuspid valve to the RV apex, rotated in 30 degrees increments. For comparison, short-axis slices were acquired. Imaging parameters were identical in both acquisitions. Results: Right ventricular end-diastolic (EDV), end-systolic (ESV) and stroke volumes (SV) determined in the RLA 179 center dot 1 +/- 29 center dot 3; 80 center dot 1 +/- 17 center dot 1; 99 center dot 3 +/- 16 center dot 9 ml and in the SA were 174 center dot 0 +/- 21 center dot 1; 78 center dot 8 +/- 13 center dot 6; 95 center dot 3 +/- 14 center dot 5 ml with P-values for the difference from 0 center dot 17 to 0 center dot 64 (ns). Interobserver variability ranged between 3 center dot 2% and 6 center dot 6% and intraobserver variability between 2 center dot 8% and 6 center dot 8%. In SA views, consensus for the definition of the basal slice was necessary in 39% of the volunteers for whom the average volume change was 20% in ESV and 10% in EDV. Conclusions: The RLA method results in better visualization and definition of the RV inflow, outflow and apex. Accurate measurement of RV volumes for diagnosis and follow-up of cardiac diseases are enhanced by the RLA orientation, even though additional acquisition time is required.
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| 2. |
- Aneq Åström, Meriam, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of Right and Left Ventricular Function Using Speckle Tracking Echocardiography in Patients with Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy and Their First Degree Relatives
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction and aim: The identification of right ventricular abnormalities in patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) in early stages is still difficult. The aim of this study was to investigate if longitudinal strain based on speckle tracking can detect subtle right (RV) or left ventricular (LV) dysfunction as an early sign of ARVC. Methods and results: Seventeen male patients, fulfilling Task force criteria for ARVC, 49 (32-70) years old, nineteen male first degree relatives 29 (19-73) y.o. and twenty-two healthy male volunteers 36 (24-66) y.o participated in the study. Twelve-lead and signal-averaged electrocardiograms were recorded. All subjects underwent echocardiography. LV and RV diameters, peak systolic velocity from tissue Doppler and longitudinal strain based on speckle tracking were measured from the basal and mid segments in both ventricles. RV longitudinal strain measurement was successful in first degree relatives and controls (95 resp. 86%) but less feasible in patients (59%). Results were not systematically different between first degree relatives and controls. Using discriminant analysis, we then developed an index based on echocardiographic parameters. All normal controls had an index Conclusion: Longitudinal strain of LV and RV segments was significantly lower in patients than in relatives and controls. An index was developed incorporating dimensional and functional echocardiographic parameters. In combination with genetic testing this index might help to detect early phenotype expression in mutation carriers.
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| 3. |
- Aneq Åström, Meriam, et al.
(författare)
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Novel plakophilin2 mutation. Three generation family with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
- 2012
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal. - : Informa Healthcare. - 1401-7431 .- 1651-2006. ; 46:2, s. 72-75
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The autosomal dominant form of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC)has been linked to mutations in desmosomal proteins. Different studies have shown that amutation in plakophilin-2 (PKP 2) is a frequent genetic cause for ARVC. We describe a newmutation in the PKP2 gene, the genotype-phenotype variation in this mutation and its clinicalconsequences. Design: Individuals in a three generation family were investigated after the sudden cardiac death of a young male. Clinical evaluation, electrocardiography, echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging, endomyocardial biopsy and genetic testing were performed. Results: A novel heterozygote mutation, a c.368G>A transition, located in exon 3 of the PKP2 gene was found (p.Trp123X). The phenotype was characterized by arrhythmia at an early age in some individuals, with mild abnormalities on imaging. However a relative carrying this mutation, with positive findings on endomyocardial biopsy had an otherwise normal phenotype, for 16 years, whereas a relative fulfilling the modified Task Force Criteria for ARVC turned out to be a non-carrier. Conclusions: This shows the variable penetrance and phenotypic expression in ARVC and highlights the need of genetic testing as well as a thorough phenotype examination as a part of the investigations in ARVC pedigrees.
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| 4. |
- Baturova, Maria A., et al.
(författare)
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Evolution of P-wave indices during long-term follow-up as markers of atrial substrate progression in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
- 2021
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Ingår i: Europace. - : Oxford University Press. - 1099-5129 .- 1532-2092. ; 23:Supplement_1, s. i29-i37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: Patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) have increased prevalence of atrial arrhythmias indicating atrial involvement in the disease. We aimed to assess the long-term evolution of P-wave indices as electrocardiographic (ECG) markers of atrial substrate during ARVC progression.METHODS AND RESULTS: We included 100 patients with a definite ARVC diagnosis according to 2010 Task Force criteria [34% females, median age 41 (inter-quartile range 30-55) years]. All available sinus rhythm ECGs (n = 1504) were extracted from the regional electronic ECG databases and automatically processed using Glasgow algorithm. P-wave duration, P-wave area, P-wave frontal axis, and prevalence of abnormal P terminal force in lead V1 (aPTF-V1) were assessed and compared at ARVC diagnosis, 10 years before and up to 15 years after diagnosis.Prior to ARVC diagnosis, none of the P-wave indices differed significantly from the data at ARVC diagnosis. After ascertainment of ARVC diagnosis, P-wave area in lead V1 decreased from -1 to -30 µV ms at 5 years (P = 0.002). P-wave area in lead V2 decreased from 82 µV ms at ARVC diagnosis to 42 µV ms 10 years after ARVC diagnosis (P = 0.006). The prevalence of aPTF-V1 increased from 5% at ARVC diagnosis to 18% by the 15th year of follow-up (P = 0.004). P-wave duration and frontal axis did not change during disease progression.CONCLUSION: Initial ARVC progression was associated with P-wave flattening in right precordial leads and in later disease stages an increased prevalence of aPTF-V1 was seen.
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| 5. |
- Blixt Johansson, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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Left ventricular longitudinal wall fractional shortening accurately predicts longitudinal strain in critically ill patients with septic shock
- 2021
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Ingår i: Annals of Intensive Care. - : Springer. - 2110-5820. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Left ventricular longitudinal strain (LVLS) may be a sensitive indicator of left ventricular (LV) systolic function in patients with sepsis, but is dependent on high image quality and analysis software. Mitral annular plane systolic excursion (MAPSE) and the novel left ventricular longitudinal wall fractional shortening (LV-LWFS) are bedside echocardiographic indicators of LV systolic function that are less dependent on image quality. Both are sparsely investigated in the critically ill population, and may potentially be used as surrogates for LVLS. We assessed if LVLS may be predicted by LV-LWFS and MAPSE in patients with septic shock. We also assessed the repeatability and inter-rater agreement of LVLS, LV-LWFS and MAPSE measurements. Results 122 TTE studies from 3 echocardiographic data repositories of patients admitted to ICU with septic shock were retrospectively assessed, of which 73 were suitable for LVLS analysis using speckle tracking. The correlations between LVLS vs. LV-LWFS and LVLS vs. MAPSE were 0.89 (p < 0.001) and 0.81 (p < 0.001) with mean squared errors of 5.8% and 9.1%, respectively. Using the generated regression equation, LV-LWFS predicted LVLS with a high degree of accuracy and precision, with bias and limits of agreement of -0.044 +/- 4.7% and mean squared prediction error of 5.8%. Interobserver repeatability was good, with high intraclass correlation coefficients (0.96-0.97), small bias and tight limits of agreement (<= 4.1% for all analyses) between observers for all measurements. Conclusions LV-LWFS may be used to estimate LVLS in patients with septic shock. MAPSE also performed well, but was slightly inferior compared to LV-LWFS in estimating LVLS. Feasibility of MAPSE and LV-LWFS was excellent, as was interobserver repeatability.
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| 6. |
- Boano, Gabriella, et al.
(författare)
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Biochemical response to cryothermal and radiofrequency exposure of the human myocardium at surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation : a randomized controlled trial
- 2020
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Ingår i: Translational Medicine Communications. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 2396-832X. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Surgical cryothermia and radiofrequency (RF) ablations for atrial fibrillation (AF) seem to result in similar sinus rhythm restoration, but the biochemical consequences of the two methods are unclear. We aimed to compare the biochemical responses to the two ablative methods in concomitant mitral valve surgery (MVS).Methods: Sixty mitral valve surgery patients with AF were prospectively included. Forty-one patients planned for ablation were randomized to cryothermia (n = 20) or radiofrequency (n = 21) ablation and 19 served as controls. Markers for myocardial injury, inflammation, cell stress, apoptosis, and heart failure were analyzed pre- and postoperatively at different time points.Results: Troponin T and creatine kinase isoenzyme MB (CK-MB) peak levels were significantly higher in the cryothermia group compared with the RF group (12,805 [6140–15,700] vs. 2790 [1880–4180] ng/L; P = 0.002 and 271 [217–357] vs. 79 [66–93] μg/L; P < 0.001, respectively). Both groups had significantly higher levels than the no-ablation group. There were no group differences in C-reactive protein (CRP) and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), but there were correlations between pre- and postoperative levels of both CRP (rs = 0.41, P = 0.001) and NT-proBNP (rs = 0.48, P < 0.001). Protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR-1) and heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) were significantly increased in the cryoablation group.Conclusions: Cryoablation results in a larger myocardial injury and possibly more elevated apoptotic activity and cell stress compared with the RF technique. The type of ablation device did not have any significant influence on the postoperative inflammatory response nor on the early postoperative levels of NT-proBNP.
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| 7. |
- Boano, Gabriella, et al.
(författare)
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Cox-maze IV cryoablation and postoperative heart failure in mitral valve surgery patients
- 2017
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1401-7431 .- 1651-2006. ; 51:1, s. 15-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The indications for and the risk and benefit of concomitant surgical ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF) have not been fully delineated. Our aim was to survey whether the Cox-maze IV procedure is associated with postoperative heart failure (PHF) or other adverse short-term outcomes after mitral valve surgery (MVS).DESIGN: Consecutive patients with AF undergoing MVS with (n = 50) or without (n = 66) concomitant Cox-maze IV cryoablation were analysed regarding perioperative data and one-year mortality.RESULTS: The patients in the Maze group were younger, were in lower NYHA classes, had better right ventricular function and had lower pulmonary artery pressure. The Maze group had 30 min longer median cross-clamp time (CCT) and 50% had PHF compared with 33% in the No-maze group, p = 0.09. Two patients in the No-maze group died within one year of surgery. Congestive heart failure (OR 4.3 [CI 95%: 1.8-10], p < 0.0001) and CCT (OR 1.03 [CI 95%: 1.01-1.04], p = 0.001) were associated with PHF.CONCLUSION: The current data cannot exclude that concomitant cryoablation increases the risk for PHF, possibly by increasing the cross clamp time.
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| 8. |
- Boano, Gabriella, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of cryothermic and radiofrequency Cox-Maze IV ablation on atrial size and function assessed by 2D and 3D echocardiography, a randomized trial. To freeze or to burn
- 2023
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Ingår i: Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging. - : WILEY. - 1475-0961 .- 1475-097X. ; 43:6, s. 431-440
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundAtrial linear scars in Cox-Maze IV procedures are achieved using Cryothermy (Cryo) or radiofrequency (RF) techniques. The subsequent postoperative left atrial (LA) reverse remodelling is unclear. We used 2- and 3-dimensional echocardiography (2-3DE) to compare the impact of Cryo and RF procedures on LA size and function 1 year after Cox-maze IV ablation concomitant with Mitral valve (MV) surgery. MethodsSeventy-two patients with MV disease and AF were randomized to Cryo (n = 35) or RF (n = 37) ablation. Another 33 patients were enroled without ablation (NoMaze). All patients underwent an echocardiogram the day before and 1 year after surgery. The LA function was assessed on 2D strain by speckle tracking and 3DE. ResultsForty-two ablated patients recovered sinus rhythm (SR) 1 year after surgery. They had comparable left and right systolic ventricular function, LA volume index (LAVI), and 2D reservoir strain before surgery. At follow-up, the 3DE extracted reservoir and booster function were higher after RF (37 & PLUSMN; 10% vs. 26 & PLUSMN; 6%; p < 0.001) than Cryo ablation (18 & PLUSMN; 9 vs. 7 & PLUSMN; 4%; p < 0.001), while passive conduit function was comparable between groups (24 & PLUSMN; 11 vs. 20 & PLUSMN; 8%; p = 0.17). The extent of LAVI reduction depended on the duration of AF preoperatively. ConclusionsSR restoration after MV surgery and maze results in LA size reduction irrespective of the energy source used. Compared to RF, the extension of ablation area produced by Cryo implies a structural LA remodelling affecting LA systolic function.
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| 9. |
- Boano, Gabriella, 1974-
(författare)
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Surgical Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation with Cryo and Radiofrequency Concomitant to Mitral Valve Surgery : Clinical, Biochemical and Echocardiography Outcomes
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia seen in clinical practice. In cardiac surgery, the negative influence of AF on short- and long-term outcomes has made concomitant ablation procedures more common. The indications, clinical aspects, results, risks, and benefits of the additional surgical ablation are still valuable topics for discussion. This compilation thesis consists of four papers aiming to investigate some of the clinical, biochemical, and echocardiographic aspects of surgical ablation for AF (Cox-Maze IV) when performed concomitant to mitral valve surgery (MVS).Through a retrospective, case-control, single-center study, we described the impact of the Cox-Maze IV procedure added to MVS with focus on postoperative heart failure (paper I).Cryoenergy (cryo) and radiofrequency (RF) are the two different energy sources mainly used in Cox-Maze IV for AF ablation. To achieve linear scars in the atrial wall, the RF procedure uses heat damage, whereas the cryo method freezes down to -150°C. Through a prospective, randomized, longitudinal, controlled study, we compared the biochemical responses of the two ablative methods in concomitant MVS and the release of enzymes expressing myocardial injury, as well as inflammatory, cell stress, and apoptosis-specific proteins. We could show that cryo results in a larger release of markers for myocardial damage but has no impact on the early inflammatory response (paper II).Extended scar lesions resulting after maze may influence atrial function. As the left atrium plays a key role in the altered cardiac hemodynamics in AF, an echocardiographic analysis of the effects of the Cox-Maze IV procedure concomitant to MVS on the left atrium was carried out. The impacts of the two energy sources (cryo and RF) on left atrial remodeling and function had not been compared previously. Their direct effect on left atrial remodeling and mechanical function were assessed 1 year after surgery in patients with restored sinus rhythm. Sinus rhythm restoration after MVS concomitant to Cox-Maze IV results in a reduced left atrium size regardless of the energy source used. Three-dimensional echocardiography showed that, compared to RF, the extension of the ablation area produced by cryo implies major left atrium structural remodeling affecting systolic function. The negative effect on left atrium remodeling seems to be linear with the duration of the AF (paper III).An overview of the pacemaker implantation rate after the Cox-Maze IV procedure concomitant to MVS was obtained in a multicenter study using national qualitative registers (SWEDHEART, Carath, Svenska ICD- och Pacemakerregistret) (paper IV, sumbitted).Our results contribute to optimizing surgical indications and patient selection, providing a deeper understanding of the biochemical and echocardiographic changes during and after surgical ablation.
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| 10. |
- Carlén, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Exercise-induced ST depression in an asymptomatic population without coronary artery disease
- 2019
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1401-7431 .- 1651-2006. ; 53:4, s. 206-212
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives. Exercise electrocardiogram (ExECG) in low risk populations frequently generates false positive ST depression. We aimed to characterize factors that are associated with exercise-induced ST depression in asymptomatic men without coronary artery disease. Design. Cycle ergometer exercise tests from 509 male firefighters without imaging proof of significant coronary artery disease were analysed. Analysed test data included heart rate at rest before exercise, and workload, blood pressure, heart rate, ST depression and ST segment slope at peak exercise. ST depression of amp;gt;0.1 mV was considered significant (STdep). With a mean follow-up of 6.1 +/- 1.7 years, medical records were reviewed for cardiovascular diagnoses, hyperlipidemia and diabetes. Logistic regression analysis was used for risk assessment. Results. In total, 22% had STdep in amp;gt;= 1 lead. Subjects with STdep were older than those with normal ExECG (p amp;lt; .001). Downsloping STdep was more common in extremity leads (9%) than in precordial leads (2%). STdep was categorized according to location (precordial/extremity) and slope direction into eight categories. Larger age-adjusted heart rate increase predicted STdep in seven categories (p amp;lt; .05). Age-adjusted peak heart rate correlated with STdep in five categories, predominantly where the ST slope was positive. Peak blood pressure and exercise capacity were both associated with STdep in few categories. We found no association between STdep and hypertension, hyperlipidemia or diabetes (all p amp;gt; .05). Conclusions. In asymptomatic men with a physically demanding occupation and no coronary artery disease, both age and heart rate response were associated with ST depression, whereas common cardiovascular risk factors, blood pressure response and exercise capacity were not.
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| 11. |
- Carlén, Anna, 1985-
(författare)
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Exercise Testing in Firefighters : Work Capacity and Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in a Low-Risk Population
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background. Firefighting is one of the most physically demanding occupations and it requires a high cardiorespiratory fitness level.Pre-duty medical evaluation of firefighters includes fitness testing and assessment of cardiac health to ensure that firefighters meet the minimum physical fitness standard and to ensure that they are not at increased risk of cardiac events. The medical evaluation methods for Swedish firefighters are regulated by the Swedish Work Environment Authority and include a 6 min constant workload treadmill (TM) test for fitness evaluation in which the firefighter wears full smoke diving equipment and a maximal effort exercise electrocardiography test (ExECG) at cycle ergometer (CE) for assessment of cardiac health. Previously, fitness was also evaluated by cycle ergometry.The standard parameter for evaluation of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) is exercise-induced ST depression. In general, exercise testing of asymptomatic low-risk individuals is discouraged due to low sensitivity and specificity for IHD, generating both false-positive and false-negative test results. Heart rate (HR) adjustment of the ST-segment response has been shown to be superior to simple ST depression to evaluate cardiac ischaemia in some populations, but has not been extensively evaluated in an occupational setting.Methods. We retrospectively analysed a cohort of 774 firefighters who were asymptomatic at the time of the testing.In paper I, test approval, HR response, and calculated oxygen uptake from TM tests and CE tests for 424 firefighters (44±10 years) were compared.Paper II methodologically described the process for data extraction, processing, and calculation of ExECG data from a clinical database. Procedures for noise assessment, error checking, and computerized calculation of ST/HR parameters were described.In paper III, ExECG and medical records of 521 male firefighters (44±10 years) were studied. During 8.4 ± 2.1 years of follow-up, IHD was verified angiographically in 12 subjects. The predictive value of HR-adjusted ST variables (ST/HR index, ST/HR slope, and ST/HR loop) for IHD was evaluated.In paper IV, subjects with objectively verified IHD were excluded and factors associated with exercise-induced nonischaemic ST depression were studied in the remaining 509 males (46±11 years). Results. The firefighters had an average maximal exercise capacity of 281 ± 36 W (range 186-467 W) achieved by incremental CE exercise. To enable comparison, the maximal workload was converted to the workload sustainable for 6 min. It was more common to pass the 6 min TM fitness test but to fail the supposedly equivalent CE test rather than vice versa.Twenty percent of the firefighters developed an ST depression of ≥o.1 mV in at least one lead during exercise and half of the firefighters had a horizontal or downsloping ST depression. While an abnormal ST response associated with an increased risk for IHD only in V4, both an abnormal ST/HR index and an abnormal ST/HR slope associated with IHD in three leads each. Clockwise rotation of the ST/HR loop was infrequent in all precordial leads (1%), but it associated with an increased risk for IHD.In the subgroup without evidence of coronary artery disease, age and the HR response associated with ST depression, whereas hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes, blood pressure response, and exercise capacity did not. Conclusions. Even though the calculated oxygen uptake was higher for the TM test than for the supposedly equivalent CE test, the higher treadmill approval rate may indicate that the fitness requirement for Swedish firefighters has been lowered by changing the test modality.Exercise-induced ST depression was common in asymptomatic physically active men, although there were only a few cases of IHD during follow-up. If performing ExECG in asymptomatic, low-risk populations, ST/HR analysis could be given more importance. However, the limited clinical value of ExECG in low-risk populations was emphasised and needs to be reconsidered.In asymptomatic, physically active men without coronary artery disease, false-positive ST depressions can be partially explained by HR variables rather than by common cardiovascular risk factors and blood pressure response to exercise.
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| 12. |
- Carlén, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Loaded treadmill walking and cycle ergometry to assess work capacity : a retrospective comparison in 424 firefighters.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging. - : Wiley. - 1475-0961 .- 1475-097X. ; 37:1, s. 37-44
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The fitness of firefighters is regularly evaluated using exercise tests. We aimed to compare, with respect to age and body composition, two test modalities for the assessment work capacity. A total of 424 Swedish firefighters with cycle ergometer (CE) and treadmill (TM) tests available from Jan 2004 to Dec 2010 were included. We compared results from CE (6 min at 200 W, 250 W or incremental ramp exercise) with TM (6 min at 8° inclination, 4·5 km h(-1) or faster, wearing 24-kg protective equipment). Oxygen requirements were estimated by prediction equations. It was more common to pass the TM test and fail the supposedly equivalent CE test (20%), than vice versa (0·5%), P<0·001. Low age and tall stature were significant predictors of passing both CE and TM tests (P<0·05), while low body mass predicted accomplishment of TM test only (P = 0·006). Firefighters who passed the TM but failed the supposedly equivalent CE test within 12 months had significantly lower body mass, lower BMI, lower BSA and shorter stature than did those who passed both tests. Calculated oxygen uptake was higher in TM tests compared with corresponding CE tests (P<0·001). Body constitution affected approval differently depending on the test modality. A higher approval rate in TM testing suggests lower cardiorespiratory requirements compared with CE testing, even though estimated oxygen uptake was higher during TM testing. The relevance of our findings in relation to the occupational demands needs reconsidering.
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| 13. |
- Carlén, Anna, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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ST/HR variables in firefighter exercise ECG : relation to ischemic heart disease
- 2019
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Ingår i: Physiological Reports. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2051-817X. ; 7:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Exercise electrocardiography (ExECG) is regularly performed by Swedish firefighters by law. Heart rate-corrected analysis of ST segment variables (ST/HR) has shown improved prediction of ischemic heart disease (IHD) compared to ST depression alone. This has not previously been extensively studied in asymptomatic persons with a low probability of IHD. We therefore evaluated the predictive performance of ST/HR analysis in firefighter ExECG. ExECG was studied in 521 male firefighters. During 8.4 ± 2.1 years, 2.3% (n = 12) were verified with IHD by catheterization or myocardial scintigraphy (age 51.5 ± 5.5 years) and were compared with firefighters without imaging proof of IHD (44.2 ± 10.1 years). The predictive value of ST depression, ST/HR index, ST/HR slope, and area and rotation of the ST/HR loop was calculated as age-adjusted odds ratios (OR), in 10 ECG leads. Predictive accuracy was analyzed with receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis. ST/HR index ≤-1.6 μV/bpm and ST/HR slope ≤-2.4 μV/bpm were associated with increased IHD risk in three individual leads (all OR > 1.0, P < 0.05). ST/HR loop area lower than the fifth percentile of non-IHD subjects indicated IHD risk in V4, V5, aVF, II, and -aVR (P < 0.05). ST depression ≤-0.1 mV was associated with IHD only in V4 (OR, 9.6, CI, 2.3-40.0). ROC analysis of each of these variables yielded areas under the curve of 0.72 or lower for all variables and leads. Clockwise-rotated ST/HR loops was associated with increased risk in most leads compared to counterclockwise rotation. The limited clinical value of ExECG in low-risk populations was emphasized, but if performed, ST/HR analysis should probably be given more importance.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Engvall, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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Moderately trained male football players, compared to sedentary male adults, exhibit anatomical but not functional cardiac remodelling, a cross-sectional study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Cardiovascular Ultrasound. - : BMC. - 1476-7120. ; 19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Elite athletes have been the subject of great interest, but athletes at an intermediate level of physical activity have received less attention in respect to the presence of cardiac enlargement and/or hypertrophy. We hypothesized that playing football, often defined as demanding less endurance components than running or cycling, would still induce remodelling similar to sports with a dominating endurance component. Methods 23 male football players, age 25+/- 3.9 yrs. underwent exercise testing, 2D- and 3D- echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR). The results were compared with a control group of engineering students of similar age. The athletes exercised 12 h/week and the control subjects 1 h/week, p < 0.001. Results The football players achieved a significantly higher maximal load at the exercise test (380 W vs 300 W, p < 0.001) as well as higher calculated maximal oxygen consumption, (49.7 vs 37.4 mL x kg(- 1) x min(- 1), p < 0.001) compared to the sedentary group. All left ventricular (LV) volumes assessed by 3DEcho and CMR, as well as CMR left atrial (LA) volume were significantly higher in the athletes (3D-LVEDV 200 vs 154 mL, CMR-LVEDV 229 vs 185 mL, CMR-LA volume 100 vs 89 mL, p < 0.001, p = 0.002 and p = 0.009 respectively). LVEF and RVEF, LV strain by CMR or by echo did not differentiate athletes from sedentary participants. Right ventricular (RV) longitudinal strain, LA and right atrial (RA) strain by CMR all showed similar results in the two groups. Conclusion Moderately trained intermediate level football players showed anatomical but not functional cardiac remodelling compared to sedentary males.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Eze-Nliam, Chete, et al.
(författare)
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Endurance exercise in seniors: Tonic, toxin or neither?
- 2020
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Ingår i: Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 1475-0961 .- 1475-097X. ; 40:5, s. 320-327
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Cardiac adaptation to sustained exercise in the athletes is established. However, exercise-associated effect on the cardiac function of the elderly has to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to analyse left (LV) and right ventricular (RV) characteristics at different levels of chronic exercise in the senior heart.MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 178 participants in the World Senior Games (mean age 68 ± 8 years, 86 were men; 48%). Three groups were defined based on the type and intensity of sports: low-, moderate- and high-intensity level. Exclusion criteria were coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation, valvular heart disease or uncontrolled hypertension. LV and RV size and function were evaluated with an echocardiogram.RESULTS: LV trans-mitral inflow deceleration time decreased in parallel to the intensity of chronic exercise: 242 ± 54 ms in low-, 221 ± 52 ms in moderate- and 215 ± 58 ms in high-intensity level, p = .03. Left atrial volume index (LAVI) was larger in high-intensity group, p = .001. The LAVI remained significantly larger when adjusting for age, gender, heart rate, hypertension and diabetes (p = .002). LV and RV sizes were larger in the high-intensity group. LV ejection fraction and RV systolic function evaluated by tissue Doppler velocity, atrioventricular plane displacement and strain did not differ between groups.CONCLUSION: Left ventricular diastolic filling is not only preserved, but may also be enhanced in long-term, top-level senior athletes. Moreover, LV and RV systolic function remain unchanged at different levels of exercise. This supports the beneficial effects of endurance exercise participation in senior hearts.
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| 18. |
- Forsberg, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Bröstimplantat kan försvåra diagnostik av hjärtsjukdomar : Inför kirurgi bör patienten informeras om vilka konsekvenser bröstimplantat kan ha för framtida hjärtdiagnostik [Cosmetic breast implants can influence cardiac imaging]
- 2022
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - : Sveriges Läkarförbund. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 119
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cosmetic breast implants are increasing in popularity. The presence of foreign material overlying the anterior wall of the heart can influence cardiac imaging and lead to misdiagnosis of cardiac disease. Echocardiography is commonly used in patients for evaluation of cardiac structure and function. Breast implants can cause impaired quality of the echocardiographic images because of an interaction between the implant material and the ultrasound beam, and as a consequence this can lead to a decreased diagnostic accuracy. In myocardial perfusion imaging breast implant can induce attenuation artifacts, which can be mistaken for myocardial infarction. The number of indications for cardiac MRI examinations are increasing, but also with this technique the presence of breast implants can induce artefacts that impair the possibilities to optimal quality. Women considering breast augmentation should be informed of the risk that the procedure can result in impaired quality of different cardiac imaging modalities.
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| 19. |
- Johansson Blixt, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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Association between left ventricular systolic function parameters and myocardial injury, organ failure and mortality in patients with septic shock
- 2024
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Ingår i: Annals of Intensive Care. - : SPRINGER. - 2110-5820. ; 14:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundLeft ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is inconsistently associated with poor outcomes in patients with sepsis. Newer parameters such as LV longitudinal strain (LVLS), mitral annular plane systolic excursion (MAPSE) and LV longitudinal wall fractional shortening (LV-LWFS) may be more sensitive indicators of LV dysfunction, but are sparsely investigated. Our objective was to evaluate the association between five traditional and novel echocardiographic parameters of LV systolic function (LVEF, peak tissue Doppler velocity at the mitral valve (s '), LVLS, MAPSE and LV-LWFS) and outcomes in patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) with septic shock.MethodsA total of 152 patients admitted to the ICU with septic shock from two data repositories were included. Transthoracic echocardiograms were performed within 24 h of ICU admission. The primary outcome was myocardial injury, defined as high-sensitivity troponin T >= 45 ng/L on ICU admission. Secondary outcomes were organ support-free days (OSFD) and 30-day mortality. We also tested for the prognostic value of the systolic function parameters using multivariable analysis.ResultsLVLS, MAPSE and LV-LWFS, but not LVEF and s ', differed between patients with and without myocardial injury. After adjustment for age, pre-existing cardiac disease, Simplified Acute Physiology (SAPS3) score, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, plasma creatinine and presence of right ventricular dysfunction, only MAPSE and LV-LWFS were independently associated with myocardial injury. None of the systolic function parameters were associated with OSFD or 30-day mortality.ConclusionsMAPSE and LV-LWFS are independently associated with myocardial injury and outperform LVEF, s ' and LVLS. Whether these parameters are associated with clinical outcomes such as the need for organ support and short-term mortality is still unclear.Trial registration NCT01747187 and NCT04695119.ConclusionsMAPSE and LV-LWFS are independently associated with myocardial injury and outperform LVEF, s ' and LVLS. Whether these parameters are associated with clinical outcomes such as the need for organ support and short-term mortality is still unclear.Trial registration NCT01747187 and NCT04695119.
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| 20. |
- Kalantarian, Shadi, et al.
(författare)
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Long-Term Electrocardiographic and Echocardiographic Progression of Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy and Their Correlation With Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias.
- 2021
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Ingår i: Circulation Heart Failure. - : LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS. - 1941-3289 .- 1941-3297. ; 14:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Prior studies of structural and electrocardiographic changes in arrhythmogenic right ventricular (RV) cardiomyopathy and their role in predicting ventricular arrhythmias (ventricular tachycardia) have shown conflicting results.METHODS: We reviewed 405 ECGs, 315 transthoracic echocardiographies, and 441 implantable cardioverter defibrillator interrogations in 64 arrhythmogenic RV cardiomyopathy patients (56% men, mean age [SD], 44.2 [14.6] years) over a mean follow-up of 10 (range, 2.3-19) years. Generalized estimating equations were used to identify the association between ECG abnormalities, clinical variables, and transthoracic echocardiographic measurements (>mild degree of tricuspid regurgitation, RV outflow tract diameter in parasternal long axis and short axis, RV end-diastolic area, fractional area change).RESULTS: There was a 4.65 (95% CI, 0.51%-8.8%) increase in RV end-diastolic area, a 3.75 (95% CI, 1.17%-6.34%) decrease in fractional area change, and 1.9 (95% CI, 1.3-2.8) higher odds (odds ratio) of RV wall motion abnormality with every 5-year increase in age after patients' first transthoracic echocardiography. >Mild tricuspid regurgitation was an independent predictor of RV enlargement and dysfunction (hazard ratio of >10% drop in fractional area change from baseline [95% CI], 3.51 [1.77-6.95] and hazard ratio of >10% increase in RV end-diastolic area from baseline [95% CI], 4.90 [2.52-9.52]). Patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillator were more likely to develop >mild tricuspid regurgitation and larger structural and functional disease progression. More pronounced increase in RV end-diastolic area was translated into higher rates of any ventricular tachycardia. Inferior T-wave inversions and sum of R waves (mm) in V1 to V3 were predictors of RV enlargement and dysfunction with the former also predicting risk of any ventricular tachycardia.CONCLUSIONS: Arrhythmogenic RV cardiomyopathy is a progressive disease. Tricuspid regurgitation is an independent predictor of structural disease progression, which may be exacerbated by use of a transvenous implantable cardioverter defibrillator lead.
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| 21. |
- Ohlsson, Linus, et al.
(författare)
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Echocardiographic haemodynamic monitoring in the context of HeartMate 3™ therapy: a systematic review
- 2024
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Ingår i: ESC Heart Failure. - : WILEY PERIODICALS, INC. - 2055-5822.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AimsWhile echocardiography remains essential within haemodynamic monitoring of durable mechanical circulatory support, previous echocardiographic guidelines are missing scientific evidence for the novel HeartMate 3 (TM) (HM3) system. Accordingly, this review aims to summarize available echocardiographic evidence including HM3.Methods and resultsThis systematic review adhered to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Searches were conducted during August 2023 across PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar using specific echocardiographic terms combined with system identifiers. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for cohort studies and Critical Appraisal Instrument (PCAI) for cross-sectional studies. Nine studies met the inclusion criteria, of which eight cohort studies and one cross-sectional study. Aortic regurgitation (AR) prevalence at approximately 12 months of support exhibited heterogenicity (33.5% (Delta 33%)) in a limited number of studies (n = 3). Several studies (n = 5) demonstrated an increasing prevalence and severity of AR during HM3 support, generating moderate to high level of evidence. One AR study showed a higher cumulative incidence of death and heart failure (HF) readmission compared with those without significant AR, hazard ratio 3.42 (95% CI 1.48-8.76). A second study showed that a worsening AR group had significantly lower survival-free from HF readmission (59% vs. 89%, P = 0.023) with a hazard ratio of 5.18 (95% CI 1.07-25.0), while a third study did not reveal any differences in cardiac-related hospitalizations in the 12 months follow-up or non-cardiac-related hospitalization. Mitral regurgitation (MR) prevalence at approximately 12 months of support exhibited good consistency 15.0% (Delta 0.8%) in both included studies, which did not reveal any significant pattern of changing prevalence over time. Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) prevalence at approximately 12 months of support exhibited fair consistency 28.5% (Delta 8.3%) in a limited number of studies (n = 2); both studies showed a statistically un-confirmed trend of increased TR prevalence over time. The evidence of general prevalence of right ventricular dysfunction (RVD) was insufficient due to lack of studies.ConclusionsThere are few methodologically consistent studies with focus on long-term haemodynamic effects. Aortic regurgitation still seems to be a prevalent and potentially significant finding. The available evidence concerning right heart function is limited despite clinical relevance and potential prognostic value. Potential interventricular and haemodynamic interplay are identified as a white field for future research.
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| 22. |
- Platonov, Pyotr G., et al.
(författare)
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Pregnancies, ventricular arrhythmias, and substrate progression in women with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy in the Nordic ARVC Registry
- 2020
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Ingår i: Europace. - : Oxford University Press. - 1099-5129 .- 1532-2092. ; 23:12, s. 1873-1879
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: Women with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) are at relatively lower risk of ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) than men, but the physical burden associated with pregnancy on VA risk remains insufficiently studied. We aimed to assess the risk of VA in relation to pregnancies in women with ARVC.METHODS AND RESULTS: We included 199 females with definite ARVC (n = 121) and mutation-positive family members without ascertained ARVC diagnosis (n = 78), of whom 120 had at least one childbirth. Ventricular arrhythmia-free survival after the latest childbirth was compared between women with one (n = 20), two (n = 67), and three or more (n = 37) childbirths. Cumulative probability of VA for each pregnancy (n = 261) was assessed from conception through 2 years after childbirth and compared between those pregnancies that occurred before (n = 191) or after (n = 19) ARVC diagnosis and in mutation-positive family members (n = 51). The nulliparous women had lower median age at ARVC diagnosis (38 vs. 42 years, P < 0.001) and first VA (22 vs. 41 years, P < 0.001). Ventricular arrhythmia-free survival after the latest childbirth was not related to the number of pregnancies. No pregnancy-related VA was reported among the family members. Women who gave birth after ARVC diagnosis had elevated risk of VA postpartum (hazard ratio 13.74, 95% confidence interval 2.9-63, P = 0.001), though only two events occurred during pregnancies.CONCLUSION: In women with ARVC, pregnancy was uneventful for the overwhelming majority and the number of prior completed pregnancies was not associated with VA risk. Pregnancy-related VA was primarily related to the phenotypical severity rather than pregnancy itself.
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| 23. |
- Roberts, Jason D., et al.
(författare)
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Ankyrin-B dysfunction predisposes to arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy and is amenable to therapy
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Investigation. - : AMER SOC CLINICAL INVESTIGATION INC. - 0021-9738 .- 1558-8238. ; 129:8, s. 3171-3184
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is an inherited arrhythmia syndrome characterized by severe structural and electrical cardiac phenotypes, including myocardial fibrofatty replacement and sudden cardiac death. Clinical management of ACM is largely palliative, owing to an absence of therapies that target its underlying pathophysiology, which stems partially from our limited insight into the condition. Following identification of deceased ACM probands possessing ANK2 rare variants and evidence of ankyrin-B loss of function on cardiac tissue analysis, an ANK2 mouse model was found to develop dramatic structural abnormalities reflective of human ACM, including biventricular dilation, reduced ejection fraction, cardiac fibrosis, and premature death. Desmosomal structure and function appeared preserved in diseased human and murine specimens in the presence of markedly abnormal beta-catenin expression and patterning, leading to identification of a previously unknown interaction between ankyrin-B and beta-catenin. A pharmacological activator of the WNT/beta-catenin pathway, SB-216763, successfully prevented and partially reversed the murine ACM phenotypes. Our findings introduce what we believe to be a new pathway for ACM, a role of ankyrin-B in cardiac structure and signaling, a molecular link between ankyrin-B and beta-catenin, and evidence for targeted activation of the WNT/beta-catenin pathway as a potential treatment for this disease.
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| 24. |
- Rudski, Lawrence G., et al.
(författare)
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Stressing the Cardiopulmonary Vascular System: The Role of Echocardiography
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography. - : MOSBY-ELSEVIER. - 0894-7317 .- 1097-6795. ; 31:5, s. 527-
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The cardiopulmonary vascular system represents a key determinant of prognosis in several cardiorespiratory diseases. Although right heart catheterization is considered the gold standard for assessing pulmonary hemodynamics, a comprehensive noninvasive evaluation including left and right ventricular reserve and function and cardiopulmonary interactions remains highly attractive. Stress echocardiography is crucial in the evaluation of many cardiac conditions, typically coronary artery disease but also heart failure and valvular heart disease. In stress echocardiographic applications beyond coronary artery disease, the assessment of the cardiopulmonary vascular system is a cornerstone. The possibility of coupling the left and right ventricles with the pulmonary circuit during stress can provide significant insight into cardiopulmonary physiology in healthy and diseased subjects, can support the diagnosis of the etiology of pulmonary hypertension and other conditions, and can offer valuable prognostic information. In this state-of-the-art document, the topic of stress echocardiography applied to the cardiopulmonary vascular system is thoroughly addressed, from pathophysiology to different stress modalities and echocardiographic parameters, from clinical applications to limitations and future directions.
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| 25. |
- Stokke, Mathis K, et al.
(författare)
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Absence of ECG task force criteria does not rule out structural changes in genotype positive ARVC patients
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier. - 0167-5273 .- 1874-1754. ; 317, s. 152-158
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: In Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy (ARVC), electrophysiological pathology has been claimed to precede morphological and functional pathology. Accordingly, an ECG without ARVC markers should be rare in ARVC patients with pathology identified by cardiac imaging. We quantified the prevalence of ARVC patients with evidence of structural disease, yet without ECG Task Force Criteria (TFC).METHODS AND RESULTS: We included 182 probands and family members with ARVC-associated mutations (40 ± 17 years, 50% women, 73% PKP2 mutations) from the Nordic ARVC Registry in a cross-sectional analysis. For echocardiography and cardiac MR (CMR), we differentiated between "abnormalities" and TFC. "Abnormalities" were defined as RV functional or structural measures outside TFC reference values, without combinations required to fulfill TFC. ECG TFC were used as defined, as these are not composite parameters. We found that only 4% of patients with ARVC fulfilled echocardiographic TFC without any ECG TFC. However, importantly, 38% of patients had imaging abnormalities without any ECG TFC. These results were supported by CMR data from a subset of 51 patients: 16% fulfilled CMR TFC without fulfilling ECG TFC, while 24% had CMR abnormalities without any ECG TFC. In a multivariate analysis, echocardiographic TFC were associated with arrhythmic events.CONCLUSION: More than one third of ARVC genotype positive patients had subtle imaging abnormalities without fulfilling ECG TFC. Although most patients will have both imaging and ECG abnormalities, structural abnormalities in ARVC genotype positive patients cannot be ruled out by the absence of ECG TFC.
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