| 1. |
- Erlinge, D., et al.
(författare)
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Bivalirudin versus Heparin Monotherapy in Myocardial Infarction
- 2017
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Ingår i: New England Journal of Medicine. - : Massachusetts Medical Society. - 0028-4793 .- 1533-4406. ; 377:12, s. 1132-1142
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The comparative efficacy of various anticoagulation strategies has not been clearly established in patients with acute myocardial infarction who are undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) according to current practice, which includes the use of radial-artery access for PCI and administration of potent P2Y12 inhibitors without the planned use of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors. Methods In this multicenter, randomized, registry-based, open-label clinical trial, we enrolled patients with either ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) or non-STEMI (NSTEMI) who were undergoing PCI and receiving treatment with a potent P2Y12 inhibitor (ticagrelor, prasugrel, or cangrelor) without the planned use of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors. The patients were randomly assigned to receive bivalirudin or heparin during PCI, which was performed predominantly with the use of radial-artery access. The primary end point was a composite of death from any cause, myocardial infarction, or major bleeding during 180 days of follow-up. Results A total of 6006 patients (3005 with STEMI and 3001 with NSTEMI) were enrolled in the trial. At 180 days, a primary end-point event had occurred in 12.3% of the patients (369 of 3004) in the bivalirudin group and in 12.8% (383 of 3002) in the heparin group (hazard ratio, 0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.83 to 1.10; P=0.54). The results were consistent between patients with STEMI and those with NSTEMI and across other major subgroups. Myocardial infarction occurred in 2.0% of the patients in the bivalirudin group and in 2.4% in the heparin group (hazard ratio, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.60 to 1.19; P=0.33), major bleeding in 8.6% and 8.6%, respectively (hazard ratio, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.84 to 1.19; P=0.98), definite stent thrombosis in 0.4% and 0.7%, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.27 to 1.10; P=0.09), and death in 2.9% and 2.8%, respectively (hazard ratio, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.78 to 1.41; P=0.76). Conclusions Among patients undergoing PCI for myocardial infarction, the rate of the composite of death from any cause, myocardial infarction, or major bleeding was not lower among those who received bivalirudin than among those who received heparin monotherapy. (Funded by the Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation and others; VALIDATE-SWEDEHEART ClinicalTrialsRegister.eu number, 2012-005260-10 ; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02311231 .).
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Isaksson, Per, et al.
(författare)
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A Simplified Treatise of the Scott Bond Testing Method
- 2010
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Ingår i: Experimental mechanics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0014-4851 .- 1741-2765. ; 50:6, s. 745-751
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Scott bond test method has been used extensively in the paper industry over the years as a means to assess the bond strength of paper. The method has been a subject of some controversy lately since it does not always correlate to the sensitivity of the material to fracture by delamination. To gain some further insight into which parameters govern the fracture process in a Scott bond test a simplified approach has been chosen in order to formulate an analytical mathematical/mechanical model of the test. The model is dynamic in the sense that inertia effects are included. The material model utilised is a simple cohesive theory that assumes a linear behaviour between stress and crack opening when the material has started to degrade. This choice of material model makes the mathematical model very nonlinear. In fact, a system of three coupled nonlinear second order partial differential equations have to be solved and adjusted to the correct initial conditions. The material parameters needed for the model are the elastic modulus in the thickness direction, the transverse shear (elastic) modulus, the tensile strength (in the thickness direction) and the fracture work (per unit area) for a delamination crack. To investigate the ability of the model, a Scott bond testing apparatus have been equipped with a piezoelectric load sensor. The load cell was mounted on the apparatus' pendulum so that the load acting on the sample holder could be recorded during the whole impact stage. This was done for a number of different initial velocities of the pendulum and it is found that the model gives a fair prediction of the contact load.
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| 4. |
- James, Stefan, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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Bivalirudin Versus Heparin Monotherapy in ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
- 2021
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Ingår i: Circulation. Cardiovascular Interventions. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 1941-7640 .- 1941-7632. ; 14:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Bivalirudin was not superior to unfractionated heparin in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) treated with percutaneous coronary intervention and no planned use of GPI (glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors) in contemporary clinical practice of radial access and potent P2Y12-inhibitors in the VALIDATE-SWEDEHEART randomized clinical trial (Bivalirudin Versus Heparin in STEMI and NSTEMI Patients on Modern Antiplatelet Therapy-Swedish Web-System for Enhancement and Development of Evidence-Based Care in Heart Disease Evaluated According to Recommended Therapies Registry).METHODS: In this prespecified separately powered subgroup analysis, we included patients with ST-segment-elevation MI undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention with the primary composite end point of all-cause death, MI, or major bleeding event within 180 days.RESULTS: Among the 6006 patients enrolled in the trial, 3005 patients with ST-segment-elevation MI were randomized to receive bivalirudin or heparin. The mean age was 66.8 years. According to protocol recommendations, 87% were treated with potent oral P2Y12-inhibitors before start of angiography and radial access was used in 90%. GPI was used in 51 (3.4%) and 74 (4.9%) of patients randomized to receive bivalirudin and heparin, respectively. The primary end point occurred in 12.5% (187 of 1501) and 13.0% (196 of 1504; hazard ratio [HR], 0.95 [95% CI, 0.78-1.17], P=0.64) with consistent results in all major subgroups. All-cause death occurred in 3.9% versus 3.9% (HR, 1.00 [0.70-1.45], P=0.98), MI in 1.7% versus 2.2% (HR, 0.76 [0.45-1.28], P=0.30), major bleeding in 8.3% versus 8.0% (HR, 1.04 [0.81-1.33], P=0.78), and definite stent thrombosis in 0.5% versus 1.3% (HR, 0.42 [0.18-0.96], P=0.04).CONCLUSIONS: In patients with ST-segment-elevation MI undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention with radial access and receiving current recommended treatments with potent P2Y12-inhibitors rate of the composite of all-cause death, MI, or major bleeding was not lower in those randomized to receive bivalirudin as compared with heparin.REGISTRATION: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT02311231.
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| 5. |
- Möller, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Living at the margin of the retreating Fennoscandian ice sheet : the early mesolithic sites at Aareavaara, northernmost Sweden
- 2013
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Ingår i: The Holocene. - : SAGE Publications. - 0959-6836 .- 1477-0911. ; 23:1, s. 104-116
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During an archaeological survey in Pajala parish, northernmost Sweden, clusters of quartz waste from knapping and burnt bone were discovered on a glaciofluvial gravel plateau close to Aareavaara village in the Muonio River valley. Sampled materials from a larger area and small-scale excavations (in total 6 m2) are interpreted as resulting from short-stay hunter-gatherer camps. Radiocarbon dating on burnt bones suggest an age of occupancy at ~10,700 cal. yr BP, which is more or less contemporary with ‘Komsa Phase’ sites on the north coast of Norway (~300–360 km northwards). The Aareavaara site should thus be the oldest known archaeological site to date in northern Sweden. A palaeoenvironmental reconstruction, based on pollen analysis of sediment cores from two nearby lakes and radiocarbon dating of macrofossils for construction of time/depth sedimentation curves, suggests a deglaciation age of the area corresponding to occupation by early man (~10,700 cal. yr BP). Aareavaara was at the time of deglaciation situated in a transitional zone between subaqueous and subaerial ice-margin retreat from the northeast towards the southwest, with higher hills and plateaux forming an archipelago in the Ancylus Lake with highest shorelines formed at ~170 m a.s.l. The hunter-gatherer camp sites at Aareavaara were thus, both in time and space, located in close proximity to the retreating ice sheet margin, but also in a waterfront location, in fact on an island in the Ancylus Lake. Our pollen data suggest a subarctic birch woodland tundra landscape characterized by open vegetation, including occasional birch trees and an abundance of willow and dwarf birch.
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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LUPP : Digitaliseringssamarbete mellan Stiftsbiblioteket vid Linköpings stadsbibliotek och Uppsala universitetsbibliotek
- 2011
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Både Linköpings stadsbibliotek och Uppsala universitetsbibliotek digitaliserar delar av sina samlingar för att kunna erbjuda användarna ett utökat utbud av on-lineresurer. För många innebär digitalisering att ta bilder med en kamera eller skanner och visa bilderna på internet. Det låter enkelt men i själva verket är digitalisering en komplicerad process som kräver stora arbetsinsatser bland annat för att de digitala filerna skall kunna hittas och göras långsiktigt hållbara. LUPP-projektet syftar till att beskriva alla de delar av digitalisering som är nödvändiga för att få ett kvalitativt gott resultat, alltifrån vad man väljer att digitalisera till hur man bör förvara de digitala filerna samt hur man bör visa upp dem.Förutsättningarna att hantera digitalisering är olika för bibliotek av olika storlek och karaktär och för att även få med denna aspekt av digitalisering har ett samarbete inletts mellan de två biblioteken. Projektet presenterar en modell för hur bibliotek av skilda slag kan hantera, och samarbeta kring digitalisering. Syftet är naturligtvis att andra bibliotek med digitaliseringsambitioner, skall kunna dra nytta av modellen och själva tillämpa den för att kunna presentera sina samlingar digitalt.
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| 7. |
- Austeng, Dordi, et al.
(författare)
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Incidence of and risk factors for neonatal morbidity after active perinatal care : extremely preterm infants study in Sweden (EXPRESS)
- 2010
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 99:7, s. 978-992
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of neonatal morbidity in extremely preterm infants and to identify associated risk factors. Methods: Population based study of infants born before 27 gestational weeks and admitted for neonatal intensive care in Sweden during 2004-2007. Results: Of 638 admitted infants, 141 died. Among these, life support was withdrawn in 55 infants because of anticipation of poor long-term outcome. Of 497 surviving infants, 10% developed severe intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH), 5.7% cystic periventricular leucomalacia (cPVL), 41% septicaemia and 5.8% necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC); 61% had patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and 34% developed retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) stage >= 3. Eighty-five per cent needed mechanical ventilation and 25% developed severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Forty-seven per cent survived to one year of age without any severe IVH, cPVL, severe ROP, severe BPD or NEC. Tocolysis increased and prolonged mechanical ventilation decreased the chances of survival without these morbidities. Maternal smoking and higher gestational duration were associated with lower risk of severe ROP, whereas PDA and poor growth increased this risk. Conclusion: Half of the infants surviving extremely preterm birth suffered from severe neonatal morbidities. Studies on how to reduce these morbidities and on the long-term health of survivors are warranted.
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| 8. |
- Barbier, Christophe, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental investigation of damage at folding of coated papers
- 2002
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Ingår i: Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 0283-2631 .- 2000-0669. ; 17:1, s. 34-38
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An experimental investigation of damage occuring at folding of coated paper has been performed. For this purpose an experimental device was constructed in such a way that close resemblance with an industrial situation was achieved. During the experiments the influence on the damage levels in the coating from such features as delamination, humidity and paper thickness have been studied using an optical microscope. The behaviour of two different paper materials has been investigated. A stress (or strain) based fracture criterion is relevant for the present problem but biaxiality of stresses as well as in-plane anisotropy must be taken into account. It was observed that cracking of the coating would not lead to subsequent cracking of the paper substrate and that delamination occurred during folding, in the base stock and not at the paper/coating interface, but its quantitative influence as regards cracking could not be determined. The influence from sheet grammage was investigated and it was found that the only case when (visible) cracks did not appear was at low values. High humidity did not affect the cracking.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Barbier, Christophe, et al.
(författare)
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Numerical investigation of folding of coated papers
- 2005
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Ingår i: Composite Structures. - : Elsevier. ; 67:4, s. 383-394
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Folding of coated paper is examined numerically using the finite element method. Particular emphasis is put on the behaviour of field variables relevant for cracking of the coating layers. In the numerical analysis, the basepaper is modelled as an anisotropic elasticplastic material (both elastic and plastic anisotropy is accounted for) while the constitutive behaviour of the coating layers are approximated by classical (Mises) elastoplasticity. The numerical results suggest, among other things, that particular forms of plastic anisotropy can substantially reduce the maximum strain levels in the coating. It is also shown that delamination buckling, in the present circumstances, will have a very small influence on the strain levels in the coating layer subjected to high tensile loading
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| 11. |
- Barbier, Christophe, et al.
(författare)
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On dynamic effects at folding of coated papers
- 2005
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Ingår i: Composite structures. - : Elsevier BV. - 0263-8223 .- 1879-1085. ; 67:4, s. 395-402
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Folding of coated papers is examined numerically using the finite element method. The analysis is focused on the influence from dynamic effects on the folding process. In particular, the behaviour of field variables relevant for cracking of the coating layers are studied in some detail. The results presented indicate that dynamic effects are of little importance as regards maximum strain levels in the coating but will influence the stress and strain distributions. Accordingly, a quasi-static analysis of the problem will be sufficient in order to describe many of the important features related to cracking.
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| 12. |
- Barbier, Christophe, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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On material characterization of paper coating materials by microindentation testing
- 2005
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Ingår i: JCT. - Boston : Springer. - 0361-8773. ; 2:6, s. 463-471
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Microindentation as a method for determining important material properties of paper coating materials is studied experimentally and numerically. The bulk of the investigation is concentrated upon the short-lived elastic part of a spherical indentation test, but determination of the failure stress of the coating is also discussed. The results indicate that microindentation can be a powerful tool for material characterization of these materials, but only if careful efforts are made to account for the influence from plasticity as well as from boundary effects
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| 13. |
- Barbier, Christophe, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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On the effect of high anisotropy at folding of coated papers
- 2007
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Ingår i: Composite structures. - : Elsevier. - 0263-8223 .- 1879-1085. ; 72:3, s. 330-338
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A finite element procedure, developed in order to account for the effect of high anisotropy at folding of coated papers, is presented. The anisotropic behaviour (with very low stiffness in the thickness direction) is modelled using stiff structural elements (trusses and beams). The numerical results indicate that high elastic anisotropy leads to lower strain levels at folding than reported in previous analyses where this effect was not accounted for. High plastic anisotropy, on the other hand, will contradict this result
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Ekstrand, Sam, et al.
(författare)
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Kartläggning av koppartak i Stockholm, Solna och Sundbyberg med digitala flygbilder
- 1997
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Höga kopparhalter påträffas i sjösediment och avloppsslam i Stockholmsregionen. Kopparförekomsterna i botten sediment kan till en del härröra från avgång av koppar från takytor. Miljöförvaltningen och Stockholm Vatten avser att utreda koppartakens relativa bidrag till kopparföreningar i avloppsslam och sjösediment. Av den intressentgrupp som presenterts ovan fick IVL därför i uppdrag att utveckla teknik samt kartlägga koppartak och ett antal andra takbeläggnings- och markanvändningsklasser i Stockholm, Solna och Sundbybergs kommuner. Projektet hade målsättningen att utveckla teknik för kartläggning av takbeläggningar, specifikt koppartak, med hjälp av digitala flygdata. Vidare att utveckla metoder för beräkning arealen för enskilda koppartak. Detta inbegrep korrigering för takens lutning beräknad med hjälp av en detaljerad höjdmodell.......
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| 17. |
- Erlinge, David, et al.
(författare)
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Bivalirudin versus heparin monotherapy in non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
- 2019
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Ingår i: European Heart Journal. - : Sage Publications. - 2048-8726 .- 2048-8734. ; 8:6, s. 492-501
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The optimal anti-coagulation strategy for patients with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction treated with percutaneous coronary intervention is unclear in contemporary clinical practice of radial access and potent P2Y12-inhibitors. The aim of this study was to investigate whether bivalirudin was superior to heparin monotherapy in patients with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction without routine glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor use.METHODS: In a large pre-specified subgroup of the multicentre, prospective, randomised, registry-based, open-label clinical VALIDATE-SWEDEHEART trial we randomised patients with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention, treated with ticagrelor or prasugrel, to bivalirudin or heparin monotherapy with no planned use of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors during percutaneous coronary intervention. The primary endpoint was the rate of a composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction or major bleeding within 180 days.RESULTS: A total of 3001 patients with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction, were enrolled. The primary endpoint occurred in 12.1% (182 of 1503) and 12.5% (187 of 1498) of patients in the bivalirudin and heparin groups, respectively (hazard ratio of bivalirudin compared to heparin treatment 0.96, 95% confidence interval 0.78-1.18, p=0.69). The results were consistent in all major subgroups. All-cause death occurred in 2.0% versus 1.7% (hazard ratio 1.15, 0.68-1.94, p=0.61), myocardial infarction in 2.3% versus 2.5% (hazard ratio 0.91, 0.58-1.45, p=0.70), major bleeding in 8.9% versus 9.1% (hazard ratio 0.97, 0.77-1.24, p=0.82) and definite stent thrombosis in 0.3% versus 0.2% (hazard ratio 1.33, 0.30-5.93, p=0.82).CONCLUSION: Bivalirudin as compared to heparin during percutaneous coronary intervention for non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction did not reduce the composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction or major bleeding in non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients receiving current recommended treatments with modern P2Y12-inhibitors and predominantly radial access.
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| 18. |
- Fellman, Vineta, et al.
(författare)
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One-year survival of extremely preterm infants after active perinatal care in Sweden.
- 2009
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Ingår i: JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 1538-3598 .- 0098-7484. ; 301:21, s. 2225-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Up-to-date information on infant survival after extremely preterm birth is needed for assessing perinatal care services, clinical guidelines, and parental counseling.
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| 19. |
- Finnveden, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Lakningar av restprodukter från förbränning av kol och hushållsavfall
- 1991
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Fasta restprodukter från förbränning har studerats. Studierna har omfattat följande restprodukter: en flygaska och en avsvavlingsprodukt från kolpulverförbränning, en flygaska (cyklonaska) och en bottenaska (förbrukat bäddmaterial) från förbränning av kol i en PFBC-anläggning samt en flygaska från förbränning av hushållsavfall. Restprodukterna har studerats med avseende på innehåll och i lakningstest. En vanlig metod för lakningstest är de sk ENA-lakningarna där man i fyra cykler byter antingen lakvatten eller aska. I denna undersökning har lakningarna förlängts till att omfatta tio cykler vid försöket med byte av lakvatten. Lakvattnet har analyserats på ett antal olika element, både huvudelement och spårelement. Fysikalisk speciering genom filtreringar på lakvattnet har utförts. Resultaten från lakningarna har jämförts både med tidigare publicerat material och med teoretiska modellberäkningar.
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| 20. |
- Fritzson, Peter, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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The OpenModelica Integrated Environment for Modeling, Simulation, and Model-Based Development
- 2020
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Ingår i: Modeling, Identification and Control. - Kristiansand, Norway : Norsk Forening for Automatisering. - 0332-7353 .- 1890-1328. ; 41:4, s. 241-295
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OpenModelica is a unique large-scale integrated open-source Modelica- and FMI-based modeling, simulation, optimization, model-based analysis and development environment. Moreover, the OpenModelica environment provides a number of facilities such as debugging; optimization; visualization and 3D animation; web-based model editing and simulation; scripting from Modelica, Python, Julia, and Matlab; efficient simulation and co-simulation of FMI-based models; compilation for embedded systems; Modelica-UML integration; requirement verification; and generation of parallel code for multi-core architectures. The environment is based on the equation-based object-oriented Modelica language and currently uses the MetaModelica extended version of Modelica for its model compiler implementation. This overview paper gives an up-to-date description of the capabilities of the system, short overviews of used open source symbolic and numeric algorithms with pointers to published literature, tool integration aspects, some lessons learned, and the main vision behind its development.
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| 21. |
- Grönlund, Christer, et al.
(författare)
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Spatio-temporal processing of surface EMG signals from the sternocleidomastoideus muscle to assess effects of radiotherapy on motor unit conduction velocity and firing rate : a pilot study
- 2008
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Ingår i: Biomedical Signal Processing and Control. - : Elsevier. - 1746-8094. ; 3:2, s. 163-168
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Radiation therapy causes both muscle and nerve tissue damage. However, the evolution and mechanisms of these damages are not fully understood. Information on the state of active muscle fibres and motoneurons can be obtained by measuring sEMG signals and calculating the conduction velocity (CV) and firing rate of individual motor units, respectively. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate if the multi-channel surface EMG (sEMG) technique could be applied to the sternocleidomastoideus muscle (SCM) of radiotherapy patients, and to assess if the CV and firing rate are altered as a consequence of the radiation. Surface EMG signals were recorded from the radiated and healthy SCM muscles of 10 subjects, while subjects performed isometric rotation of the head. CV and firing rate were calculated using two recently proposed methods based on spatio-temporal processing of the sEMG signals. The multi-channel sEMG technique was successfully applied to the SCM muscle and CV and firing rates were obtained. The measurements were fast and simple and comfortable for the patients. Sufficient data quality was obtained from both sides of seven and four subjects for the CV and firing rate analysis, respectively. No differences in CV or firing rate were found between the radiated and non-radiated sides (p = 0.13 and p = 0.20, respectively). Firing rate and CV were also obtained from a myokymic discharge pattern. It was found that the CV decreased significantly (p = 0.01) during the bursts.
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| 22. |
- Hakamies-Blomqvist, Liisa, et al.
(författare)
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Strategisk kompensation och körbeteende hos äldre bilförare
- 2001
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Föreliggande studie jämförde körbeteendet hos äldre (67+) förare som antingen körde under hela året eller endast under sommarperioden. 41 äldre försöksdeltagare körde i VTI:s körsimulator under både vinter- och sommarförhållanden och kombinerade delvis bilkörningen med en sekundär uppgift som mätte visuell uppmärksamhet. Hypotesen var att körbeteendet skulle skilja sig mellan grupperna och att de eventuella skillnaderna skulle vara mera uttalade under vinterförhållanden. Grupperna var olika i så måtto att sommarbilisterna rapporterade mera stress i trafiken och att de sommarkörande männen hade lägre kognitiv status än de manliga åretruntbilisterna. Det fanns dock inga gruppskillnader i körbeteende. Slutsatsen är att den strategiska kompensationen antingen inte hade någon effekt på körbeteende eller att effekterna var så subtila att de inte kunde upptäckas i en simulerad situation.
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| 23. |
- Hakamies-Blomqvist, Liisa, et al.
(författare)
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Äldre bilförare i simulator : en valideringsstudie
- 2000
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med denna studie var att granska simulatorns validitet för studier av körbeteende hos äldre (65+) bilförare. Äldre bilförare är det snabbast växande segmentet i förarpopulationen. I förhållande till fältstudier är en körsimulator fördelaktig så tillvida att den verkliga trafikens olycksrisk undviks och att beteendet i situationer som skulle innebära en oacceptabel risk i en fältstudie kan observeras och mätas. Dessutom har man har fullständig kontroll över den experimentella situationen. Nackdelen är att även de bästa simulatorerna inte kan producera en helt övertygande illusion av verklig bilkörning, vilket rimligen påverkar körbeteendet. I studien jämfördes hur äldre försökspersoner körde samma rutt med en instrumenterad bil i verklig trafik och med VTI:s simulator. Dessutom samlades intervju- och testdata. Resultaten visar att försökspersonerna körde i stort sätt på samma sätt i simulatorn som i den instrumenterade bilen. De viktigaste skillnaderna mellan simulator och mätbil var följande: 1. Medelhastigheten var lägre i simulatorn på 70-sträckor. 2. Försökspersonerna körde längre åt höger på vägbanan i simulatorn. 3. Variationen i hastighet, sidoläge och rattutslag var större i simulatorn. 4. Försökspersonerna bromsade betydligt oftare och hårdare i simulatorn. 5. Inlärningseffekter, såsom ökad hastighet och mindre variation i hastighet och sidoläge, uppträdde i betydligt större grad i simulatorn.
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| 24. |
- Hellström, Lisbeth
(författare)
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On the wood chipping process : a study on basic mechanisms in order to optimize chip properties for pulping
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In both the chemical and mechanical pulping process, the logs are cut into wood chips by a disc chipper before fibre separation. To make the wood chipping process more efficient, one have to investigate in detail the coupling between process parameters and the quality of the chips. One objective of this thesis was to obtain an understanding of the fundamental mechanisms behind the creation of wood chips. Another objective with the thesis was to investigate whether it was possible to, in a way tailor the chipping process so as to reduce the energy consumption in a following mechanical refining process.Both experimental and analytical/numerical approaches have been taken in this work. The first part of the experimental investigations, were performed with an in-house developed chipping device and a digital speckle photography equipment.The results from the experimental investigation showed that the friction between the log and chipping tool is probably one crucial factor for the chip formation. Further more it was found that the indentation process is approximately self-similar, and that the stress field over the entire crack-plane is critical for chip creation.The developed analytical model predicts the normal and shear strain distribution and to be more specific, the model can predict the compressive stresses parallel to the fibre direction for an assumed linear elastic and orthotropic material. The analytical distributions were found to be in reasonable agreement with the corresponding distributions obtained from a finite element analysis.To be able to study the chipping process under realistic conditions, which for example means to use chipping rates representative for a real wood chipper, a laboratory chipper was developed. Details regarding the chipper and how to evaluate the force measurements are given together with an example of how the force on the cutting tool (the knife) varies with time during cutting.To investigate the influence of a certain chipping process parameter, the chips were after production in the laboratory chipper, refined in a pilot refiner during conditions optimized for TMP (thermomechanical pulp) and CTMP (chemithermomechanical pulp) processes. It was concluded that the details concerning the chip process had a large impact on e.g. the energy consumption in both first stage and second stage refining. Results showing this are given in this thesis.
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- Häggman Henrikson, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
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Pharmacological treatment of oro-facial pain : health technology assessment including a systematic review with network meta-analysis
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. - Hoboken : John Wiley & Sons. - 1365-2842 .- 0305-182X. ; 44:10, s. 800-826
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This health technology assessment evaluated the efficacy of pharmacological treatment in patients with oro-facial pain. Randomised controlled trials were included if they reported pharmacological treatment in patients >= 18 years with chronic (>= 3 months) oro-facial pain. Patients were divided into subgroups: TMD-muscle [ temporomandibular disorders (TMD) mainly associated with myalgia]; TMD-joint (TMD mainly associated with temporomandibular joint pain); and burning mouth syndrome (BMS). The primary outcome was pain intensity reduction after pharmacological treatment. The scientific quality of the evidence was rated according to GRADE. An electronic search in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE from database inception to 1 March 2017 combined with a handsearch identified 1552 articles. After screening of abstracts, 178 articles were reviewed in full text and 57 studies met the inclusion criteria. After risk of bias assessment, 41 articles remained: 15 studies on 790 patients classified as TMD-joint, nine on 375 patients classified as TMD-muscle and 17 on 868 patients with BMS. Of these, eight studies on TMD-muscle, and five on BMS were included in separate network meta-analysis. The narrative synthesis suggests that NSAIDs as well as corticosteroid and hyaluronate injections are effective treatments for TMD-joint pain. The network meta-analysis showed that clonazepam and capsaicin reduced pain intensity in BMS, and the muscle relaxant cyclobenzaprine, for the TMD-muscle group. In conclusion, based on a limited number of studies, evidence provided with network meta-analysis showed that clonazepam and capsaicin are effective in treatment of BMS and that the muscle relaxant cyclobenzaprine has a positive treatment effect for TMD-muscle pain.
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