| 1. |
- Agardh, Emilie E., et al.
(författare)
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Alcohol-attributed disease burden in four Nordic countries between 2000 and 2017 : Are the gender gaps narrowing? A comparison using the Global Burden of Disease, Injury and Risk Factor 2017 study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Drug and Alcohol Review. - : Wiley. - 0959-5236 .- 1465-3362. ; 40:3, s. 431-442
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction and Aims. The gender difference in alcohol use seems to have narrowed in the Nordic countries, but it is not clear to what extent this may have affected differences in levels of harm. We compared gender differences in all-cause and cause-specific alcohol-attributed disease burden, as measured by disability-adjusted life-years (DALY), in four Nordic countries in 2000-2017, to find out if gender gaps in DALYs had narrowed. Design and Methods. Alcohol-attributed disease burden by DALYs per 100 000 population with 95% uncertainty intervals were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease database. Results. In 2017, all-cause DALYs in males varied between 2531 in Finland and 976 in Norway, and in females between 620 in Denmark and 270 in Norway. Finland had the largest gender differences and Norway the smallest, closely followed by Sweden. During 2000-2017, absolute gender differences in all-cause DALYs declined by 31% in Denmark, 26% in Finland, 19% in Sweden and 18% in Norway. In Finland, this was driven by a larger relative decline in males than females; in Norway, it was due to increased burden in females. In Denmark, the burden in females declined slightly more than in males, in relative terms, while in Sweden the relative decline was similar in males and females. Discussion and Conclusions. The gender gaps in harm narrowed to a different extent in the Nordic countries, with the differences driven by different conditions. Findings are informative about how inequality, policy and sociocultural differences affect levels of harm by gender.
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| 2. |
- Haukenes, Inger, et al.
(författare)
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Inequity in disability pension: an intersectional analysis of the co-constitution of gender, education and age. The Hordaland Health Study
- 2019
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Ingår i: Critical Public Health. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0958-1596 .- 1469-3682. ; 29:3, s. 302-313
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2018 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group Social position, education, gender and increasing age are all identified as important risk factors for disability pension. This study takes an intersectionality approach and examines their co-constitution, in relation to inequity in disability pension. The population included 22,203 middle-aged men and women participating in the community-based Hordaland Health Study, Western Norway (1997–1999). The participants were categorised in four exposure groups: higher educated men, higher educated women, lower educated men and lower educated women. The outcome was disability pension from 1992 to end of 2007, from a national registry. Using recommendations for intersectionality-informed quantitative research, we estimated the main effects of gender and educational attainment on disability pension, and potential statistical multiplicative interactions between gender and education in relation to cause-specific and all-cause disability pension. For all-cause disability pension, men with higher education had the lowest risk for disability pension (rate per 1000 person-years: 2.01) during the course of working life (from age 35 to 57), followed by higher educated women (rate 3.56), and lower educated men (rate 4.59). Finally, women with lower education had a substantially increased risk already in early middle age (rate 8.39). We found a statistical multiplicative effect of lower education and female gender on all-cause disability pension and disability pension with musculoskeletal disorders compared with men with higher education. The discussion highlights that inequity in disability pension is not only about defining vulnerable groups, but also about understanding how privileges and disadvantages are unequally distributed.
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| 3. |
- Knapstad, Marit, et al.
(författare)
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Previous sickness absence and current low perceived social support at work among employees in the general population: a historical cohort study
- 2014
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 4:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Although sickness absence often is a process over time, most studies have treated the phenomenon as a discrete event and focused more on its causes than its consequences. We aimed to examine whether various patterns of previous long-term sickness absence were associated with current low perceived social support at work. METHOD: This is a historical cohort study based on data from a population-based survey among Swedish employees (n=2581). The survey data were linked to official registries yielding data on sickness absence 1-7 years prior to the survey. RESULTS: The main finding was that previous sickness absence was associated with current low perceived social support at work. The highest odds for low social support were found among those who had a stable high level of sickness absence. The two indicators of perceived social support employed were somewhat differently associated with previous sickness absence: Recency of absence showed to be of importance for general support at the workplace and the relationship with colleagues and superiors. Experiencing that one's immediate superior rarely or never regards one's view was, on the other hand, mainly related to having had a high level of sickness absence, irrespective of recency. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that recency and extent of previous sickness absence are related to perceived social support at work. Future research on the relationship between social support and sickness absence should use repeated measurements and acknowledge the possible bidirectional relationship.
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| 4. |
- Knapstad, Marit, et al.
(författare)
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Registry-based analysis of participator representativeness: A source of concern for sickness absence research?
- 2016
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © BMJ Publishing Group Limited 2016.Objectives: Selective participation can bias results in epidemiological surveys. The importance of health status is often suggested as a possible explanation for non-participation but few empirical studies exist. In a population-based study, explicitly focused on sickness absence, health and work, we examined whether a history of high levels of sickness absence was associated with non-participation. Design: The study is based on data from official sickness absence registers from participants, non-participants and the total target population of the baseline survey of the Health Assets Project (HAP). Setting: HAP is a population-based cohort study in the Västra Götaland region in South Western Sweden. Participants: HAP included a random population cohort (n=7984) and 2 cohorts with recent sickness absence (employees (n=6140) and non-employees (n=990)), extracted from the same overall general working-age population. Primary outcome measures: We examined differences in participation rates between cohorts (2008), and differences in previous sickness absence (2001-2008) between participants (individual-level data) and non-participants or the target population (group-level data) within cohorts. Results: Participants had statistically significant less registered sickness absence in the past than nonparticipants and the target population for some, but not all, of the years analysed. Yet these differences were not of substantial size. Other factors than sickness absence were more important in explaining differences in participation, whereby participants were more likely to be women, older, born in Nordic countries, married and have higher incomes than non-participants. Conclusions: Although specifically addressing sickness absence, having such experience did not add any substantial layer to selective participation in the present survey. Detailed measures are needed to gain a better understanding for health selection in healthrelated surveys such as those addressing sickness absence, for instance in order to discriminate between selection due to ability or motivation for participation.
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| 5. |
- Skogen, Jens Christoffer, et al.
(författare)
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The gender gap in accrued pension rights – an indicator of women’s accumulated disadvantage over the course of working life. The Hordaland Health Study (HUSK)
- 2018
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 46:3, s. 417-424
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: Economic gender equality is one of the goals of the Nordic Welfare states. Despite this, there is a considerable gender gap in pensionable income in the European Union, and an unmet need for measures that absorb more of the complexity associated with accumulated (dis)advantages across gender and population groups. The aims of the present study were to examine the gender difference in association between average earned pension points and 1) education and 2) current occupational prestige, and to discuss pension points as a possible indicator of accumulated disadvantages. Methods: We linked a community-based survey, the Hordaland Health study (HUSK), to the national register of insurance benefits (FD-trygd). This made it possible to trace gendered patterns of economic (dis)advantages associated with educational level, career development and gainful work over the life course for 17,275 individuals. Results: We found profound differences in earned accrued pension rights between men and women across socioeconomic strata, and a significant interaction between pension rights and gender in the association with education and occupational prestige. Our findings indicate that men, as a group, may have lower educational attainment and occupational prestige than women, and still earn more pension points throughout their career. These differences place women at risk for future economic strain and deprivation over and above their similarly educated and positioned male counterparts. Conclusions: We suggest that accrued pension rights may be a relevant measure of accumulated (dis)advantages over the course of working life, and a useful indicator when gender equa lity is measured and discussed.
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| 6. |
- Triliva, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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Healthcare professionals' perspectives on mental health service provision : a pilot focus group study in six European countries
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Mental Health Systems. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1752-4458. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The mental healthcare treatment gap (mhcGAP) in adult populations has been substantiated across Europe. This study formed part of MentALLY, a research project funded by the European Commission, which aimed to gather qualitative empirical evidence to support the provision of European mental healthcare that provides effective treatment to all adults who need it.Methods: Seven focus groups were conducted with 49 health professionals (HPs), including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, general practitioners, and psychiatric nurses who worked in health services in Belgium, Cyprus, Greece, the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden. The focus group discussions centered on the barriers and facilitators to providing quality care to people with mild, medium, and severe mental health problems. Analyses included deductively and inductively driven coding procedures. Cross-country consensus was obtained by summarizing findings in the form of a fact sheet which was shared for triangulation by all the MentALLY partners.Results: The results converged into two overarching themes: (1) Minding the treatment gap: the availability and accessibility of Mental Health Services (MHS). The mhcGAP gap identified is composed of different elements that constitute the barriers to care, including bridging divides in care provision, obstacles in facilitating access via referrals and creating a collaborative 'chain of care'. (2) Making therapeutic practice relevant by providing a broad-spectrum of integrated and comprehensive services that value person-centered care comprised of authenticity, flexibility and congruence.Conclusions: The mhcGAP is comprised of the following barriers: a lack of funding, insufficient capacity of human resources, inaccessibility to comprehensive services and a lack of availability of relevant treatments. The facilitators to the provision of MHC include using collaborative models of primary, secondary and prevention-oriented mental healthcare. Teamwork in providing care was considered to be a more effective and efficient use of resources. HPs believe that the use of e-mental health and emerging digital technologies can enhance care provision. Facilitating access to a relevant continuum of community-based care that is responsive coordinated and in line with people's needs throughout their lives is an essential aspect of optimal care provision.
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| 7. |
- Van Beveren, Laura, et al.
(författare)
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A Critical Perspective on Mental Health News in Six European Countries : How Are "Mental Health/Illness" and "Mental Health Literacy" Rhetorically Constructed?
- 2020
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Ingår i: Qualitative Health Research. - : Sage Publications. - 1049-7323 .- 1552-7557. ; 30:9, s. 1362-1378
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, we aim to contribute to the field of critical health communication research by examining how notions of mental health and illness are discursively constructed in newspapers and magazines in six European countries and how these constructions relate to specific understandings of mental health literacy. Using the method of cluster-agon analysis, we identified four terminological clusters in our data, in which mental health/illness is conceptualized as "dangerous," "a matter of lifestyle," "a unique story and experience," and "socially situated." We furthermore found that we cannot unambiguously assume that biopsychiatric discourses or discourses aimed at empathy and understanding are either exclusively stigmatizing or exclusively empowering and normalizing. We consequently call for a critical conception of mental health literacy arguing that all mental health news socializes its audience in specific understandings of and attitudes toward mental health (knowledge) and that discourses on mental health/illness can work differently in varying contexts.
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| 8. |
- Överland, Simon, et al.
(författare)
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Snus use and cardiovascular risk factors in the general population: the HUNT3 study.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Addiction. - : Wiley. - 0965-2140 .- 1360-0443. ; 108:11, s. 2019-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Snus, a form of smokeless tobacco, is increasingly popular in its traditional Nordic markets, and was recently launched commercially in the United States. We examined the cross-sectional associations between snus use and cardiovascular risk factors, and compared them with the corresponding associations of smoking. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: The HUNT3 general population survey, Nord-Trøndelag, Norway (2006-08). PARTICIPANTS: A general population sample of n=25163. MEASUREMENTS: Measured triglyceride,- glucose- and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol levels, blood pressure and waist circumference, registry information on gender, age and education level, self-reported snus use, smoking, physical exercise and alcohol use. FINDINGS: In age- and gender-adjusted linear regression analyses, extensive snus use was associated with larger waist circumference (b=1.65, 95% CI=0.86, 2.43) and higher systolic blood pressure (b=2.58, 95% CI=1.48, 3.68), but with higher rather than lower levels of HDL-cholesterol (b=1.66, 95% CI=0.79, 2.53). These three differences remained significant after additional adjustment for smoking, education level, physical exercise and alcohol use. Smokers had higher triglyceride and lower HDL-cholesterol than snus users, but lower systolic blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS: After adjusting statistically for major confounding variables, Norwegians who use snus extensively have a mixed profile in terms of cardiovascular risk: slightly higher waist circumference and systolic blood pressure but also higher high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol.
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