| 1. |
- Hakeem, Abbas Saeed, et al.
(författare)
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Synthesis and characterization of alkaline earth and rare earth doped sialon Ceramics by spark plasma sintering
- 2021
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Ingår i: International journal of refractory metals & hard materials. - : Elsevier. - 0263-4368. ; 97
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several sialon ceramics compositions were synthesized by selecting metal oxides (MOs) in the nanosize range as additives in the oxynitride network. Nanosized precursors, including Si3N4, SiO2, AlN, Al2O3, and MO (MO =MgO, CaO, SrO, BaO, Y2O3, La2O3, CeO2, Nd2O3, Eu2O3, Dy2O3, Er2O3 and Yb2O3,) were used in the present study. Probe sonication and spark plasma sintering techniques were used for mixing the powder precursors and subsequent synthesis of sialon ceramics at a relatively low temperature of 1500 ◦C. Formation of α-sialon(general formula represented by Mm/vSi12-(m+n)Alm+nOnN16-n) was investigated for m and n values of 1.1 and 0.6, respectively and their structural, morphological, thermal, and mechanical properties were evaluated. The synthesized samples were characterized using X-ray diffractometry and field emission scanning electron microscopy to study the effect of the MOs on the microstructure and resulting densification, hardness, fracture toughness, thermal expansion, and thermal conductivity. The sialon samples synthesized using the selected MOs exhibited similar relative densities in the range of 96 to 99% among all the samples and Vickers hardness (HV10) values, in the range of 15 to 20.8 GPa, depending on the type of MO. However, RE MOs exhibited a higher HV than AE MOs.Fracture toughness (KIc) was ~4 MPa⋅m1/2 for most of the samples, but the sample doped with Yb2O3 had the highest KIc of 6.3 MPa⋅m1/2. The thermal conductivity decreased as the atomic number (atomic radii) of the AE increases and in the case of RE exhibited a random tendency. On the other hand, the thermal expansion coefficient increased with increasing atomic radii of the AE, and a mixed trend, with values in the range of 2.63 to2.83 ppm⋅K-1, was observed for RE doped sialon ceramics. These behaviors are attributed to the resulting morphology and structure of alpha sialon comprised of both equiaxed and elongated grains. The properties of these sialon ceramics could be tailored by the proper selection of suitable precursors and synthesis parameters.
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| 2. |
- Kim, Min Seo, et al.
(författare)
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Global burden of peripheral artery disease and its risk factors, 1990-2019 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- 2023
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Ingår i: The Lancet Global Health. - : Elsevier. - 2214-109X. ; 11:10, s. E1553-E1565
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Peripheral artery disease is a growing public health problem. We aimed to estimate the global disease burden of peripheral artery disease, its risk factors, and temporospatial trends to inform policy and public measures.Methods: Data on peripheral artery disease were modelled using the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 database. Prevalence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and mortality estimates of peripheral artery disease were extracted from GBD 2019. Total DALYs and age-standardised DALY rate of peripheral artery disease attributed to modifiable risk factors were also assessed.Findings: In 2019, the number of people aged 40 years and older with peripheral artery disease was 113 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 99 center dot 2-128 center dot 4), with a global prevalence of 1 center dot 52% (95% UI 1 center dot 33-1 center dot 72), of which 42 center dot 6% was in countries with low to middle Socio-demographic Index (SDI). The global prevalence of peripheral artery disease was higher in older people, (14 center dot 91% [12 center dot 41-17 center dot 87] in those aged 80-84 years), and was generally higher in females than in males. Globally, the total number of DALYs attributable to modifiable risk factors in 2019 accounted for 69 center dot 4% (64 center dot 2-74 center dot 3) of total peripheral artery disease DALYs. The prevalence of peripheral artery disease was highest in countries with high SDI and lowest in countries with low SDI, whereas DALY and mortality rates showed U-shaped curves, with the highest burden in the high and low SDI quintiles.Interpretation: The total number of people with peripheral artery disease has increased globally from 1990 to 2019. Despite the lower prevalence of peripheral artery disease in males and low-income countries, these groups showed similar DALY rates to females and higher-income countries, highlighting disproportionate burden in these groups. Modifiable risk factors were responsible for around 70% of the global peripheral artery disease burden. Public measures could mitigate the burden of peripheral artery disease by modifying risk factors.
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| 3. |
- Dujeancourt, Erwan
(författare)
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Labor, firm and wealth effects of gender and sexuality
- 2024
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The prevalence of LGBTQ+ individuals, which stands for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and additional identities, is steadily increasing in society. Global surveys conducted in 2023 indicate that 9% of adults in the world identify as LGBTQ+ individuals, with the proportion increasing to 18% among the youngest generation (Jackson, 2023). This demographic shift emphasizes the necessity for further economic research regarding LGBTQ+ populations. The aim of this thesis is therefore to explore the role of gender and sexuality in labor, firm, and wealth disparities.The first paper, "Sexual Orientation, Entrepreneurship, and Firm Survival," draws on Swedish population and business registry data from 1995–2020. The findings reveal that sexual minority men are 7.8% less likely to engage in entrepreneurship than comparable heterosexual men, while sexual minority women are 4.8% more likely to do so than their comparable heterosexual counterparts. Additionally, it examines the survival rates of firms founded by sexual minorities, where disparities are found particularly for ventures led by sexual minority women. The results show that both external factors (such as attitudes toward sexual minorities and the density of same-sex couples) and internal factors (e.g., the presence of a romantic partner) may contribute to the differential survival of ventures founded by sexual minority women.The second paper, "Wealth, Gender and Sexual Orientation – Evidence from Siblings," analyzes administrative data to explore wealth differentials across genders and sexual orientations. This study shows nuanced patterns, such as a wealth penalty for men in same-sex couples below the P80 percentile and a persistent wealth penalty for women below the P95 percentile.The third paper, "Sexual Orientation and Multiple Job Holding: Evidence from Swedish Administrative Data," investigates the incidence of multiple job holdings among sexual minority individuals. This paper finds that sexual minority individuals are significantly more likely to hold multiple jobs, with the drivers of providing self-insurance for men and career mobility for women. Notably, holding multiple jobs among sexual minority women is associated with reduced unemployment and increased earnings growth.In the fourth paper, “The Role of Legal Gender Change in Labor Market Outcomes,” a cohort of over 900 transgender individuals in Sweden who underwent legal gender changes is studied. A comparative approach reveals disparities in labor market outcomes, showing a reduced likelihood of employment and lower salary for transgender individuals compared to their cisgender siblings. Furthermore, transgender men have lower salaries, while transgender women have higher salaries but encounter challenges in finding employment after changing their legal gender. These findings highlight the vulnerable economic standing of transgender individuals in Sweden.Through empirical analysis, this thesis underscores socioeconomic (in)equalities and their drivers across both sexuality and gender, offering insights into the economic opportunities and challenges of a growing population group.
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| 4. |
- Hassan, Rebwar, 1959-
(författare)
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Sediment Characteristics and Sedimentation Rate Estimation in the Dukan Reservoir
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Dukan Reservoir has been created from the construction of the Dukan Dam on the Lesser Zab River where it crosses the Khalakan Thrust Sheet (Khalakan Mountains) through a gorge 65 km northwest of Sulaimani and 295 km northeast of Baghdad. The Dukan Dam is a multi-purpose dam which was built from 1954 to 1959 to control the flooding of the Lesser Zab River, and to provide irrigation, hydroelectricity, and water storage. Reservoir sedimentation can significantly reduce reservoir storage capacity as dams become older. The Dukan Reservoir has been selected for this study to determine the nature and characteristics of the deposited sediment particles in the reservoir, as well as the estimation of the rate of sedimentation from 1959 to 2014 by using the bathymetric survey and the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model methods.Geologically, the Dukan Reservoir is located in the High Zagros Fold-Thrust Zone (High Folded Zone) of the northwestern segment of the Kurdistan Zagros Fold-Thrust Belt. This reservoir is a natural and structurally controlled depression located in the Btwen (Ranya) Agricultural Plain extending between the Ranya Thrust Sheet (Kewa-Rash Mountains) and the dam body itself. A geological survey was conducted for the study area and it has been concluded that the structural controls were more effective by dividing the Dukan Reservoir into two sub-reservoirs: a bigger triangle-shaped sub-reservoir in the north and a smaller irregularly shaped sub-reservoir in the south. The differences that exist in shapes, lengths, widths, surface areas, and shorelines between the two subreservoirs are also closely related to the structural and stratigraphical controls. The field observations and bathymetric survey indicate that bank sediment erosion is occurring in the two sub-reservoirs, but most of the sediment particles deposition takes place within the bigger sub-reservoir. Grain analyses of the 32 bed sediment samples show that the reservoir bed sediment consists of 15% gravel, 14% sand, 48% silt, and 23% clay. The sediments are composed of silty clay (77.6%), silty sandy clay (10%), sandy gravelly silty clay (1.2%) and gravelly sandy silty clay (1%). The reservoir bed is covered mainly with silt. Both silt and clay percentages increase towards the dam in the smaller sub-reservoir. This is attributable to the decreased water velocity in the reservoir, leading to the deposition of the suspended materials. The sediments are very finegrained, very poorly sorted, strongly coarse skewed, and mesokurtic. The depositedsediment along the Dukan Reservoir can be classified into topset bed (coarse particles) and bottomset bed (fine materials). The slope of the western bank of the reservoir is steeper than the eastern and northern banks. Land slope is the most effective factor in erosion and sediment transport. From the bathymetric survey, it has been also concluded that the minimum elevation which reaches 430 m.a.s.l. is located at the southern part of the bigger sub- reservoir. Based on different bulk densities of the deposited sediment at different water elevations, i.e., 1855 kg/m3 at 470 m.a.s.l., 1855 kg/m3 at 480 m.a.s.l., and 1200 kg/m3 at 480 m.a.s.l., the annual sedimentation rates in the reservoir are estimated to be about 3.8 MCM, 7 MCM, and 6.6 MCM, respectively. This estimation has been supported by the SWAT model method, which shows that the annual sediment load delivered to the Dukan Reservoir from the watershed is estimated to be about 1.3 MCM, representingabout 34% of the total sediments deposited in the reservoir.The reduction in storage capacity of the bigger sub-reservoir from 1952 to 2014 at water elevations 440 m.a.s.l., 460 m.a.s.l, and 480 m.a.s.l. are 72%, 48%, and 24%, respectively. The volume of the deposited sediment is estimated to be around 274 MCM. The percentage of the smaller sub-reservoir area as a percentage of the whole reservoir area varied in 1952 from 4% at water level 520 m.a.s.l. to 100% at 420 m.a.s.l. The author predicts that the estimated annual deposition rate of 6.6 MCM and the projected useful lifespan might extend for another 155 years until 2169, when the sediment will fully occupy the live storages.
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| 5. |
- Lind, Thérèse, 1989-
(författare)
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Financial literacy, motivated reasoning, and gender : essays in behavioral economics
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I wrote this thesis to create a better understanding of how individual characteristics influence our feelings, our behavior and our way of interpreting information. My focus is on financial behavior and financial information, however I also consider a political context. I investigate the (usually) enabling abilities of financial literacy and numeracy. I also consider impediments such as stereotype threat and motivated reasoning, which can prevent people from engaging in certain behaviors or from interpreting information objectively. Both processes stem from valued beliefs and psychological foundations, consequently peoples’ efforts, decisions, and evaluations are based on them.The first essay, “Competence, confidence, and gender: The role of perceived and actual financial literacy in household finance,” broadens our understanding of the benefits of financial competence. I contrast perceived and actual levels of financial literacy, and consider the role of numeracy and cognitive reflective ability. I conclude that perceived and actual levels of financial literacy positively affect behavior and wellbeing; however, perceived financial literacy more so than actual financial literacy. No such effect is observed for numeric ability and cognitive reflection. Furthermore, women are more anxious about financial matters even though they tend to engage more frequently in the considered financial behaviors.The second essay, “Threatening finance? Examining the gender gap in financial literacy,” continues my exploration of the relationship between gender and financial literacy. In a series of studies, I investigate whether the observed gender gap in financial literacy can be identified in nonnumerical contexts, if it can be associated with confidence in financial matters, and if it can be attributed to stereotype threat, which posits that inbuilt prejudices about gender and finance undermine women’s performance of tasks that involve finance. The results show that the observed gender gap in financial literacy is robust even in nonnumerical financial contexts and suggest that a stereotype threat for women in the financial domain might be present. The gender gap in financial literacy could not be attributed to a difference in (displayed) confidence.In the third essay, “Preferences for lump-sum over divided payment structures,” I investigate whether or not people display systematic preferences for lump–sum or divided payment structures and how these preferences differ in gain (benefit) and loss (payment) situations. I investigate what happens when payments belong to a single underlying event, such as when people can choose to pay immediately or in installments. I also examine whether or not individual differences in time preferences, risk preferences, numeracy, and financial literacy are associated with preferences for one payment structure or the other. The aggregate results show a tendency for people to prefer obtaining and paying money in lump sums. I find no systematic indication that the considered individual differences play a role in this type of decision.The fourth essay, “Motivated reasoning when assessing the effect of refugee intake,” inquires into differences in worldview ideology, whether people identify as nationally or globally oriented, hinder them from objectively interpreting information. I use an experiment to find out if people display motivated reasoning when interpreting numerical information about the effects of refugees on the crime rate. Our results show evidence of motivated reasoning along the lines of worldview ideology. However, individuals with higher numeric ability were less likely to engage in motivated reasoning, leading to the conclusion that motivated reasoning is more likely to be driven by feelings and emotional cues than by deliberate analytical processes.
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| 6. |
- Rahmanian, Ali, 1989-
(författare)
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Edge orchestration for latency-sensitive applications
- 2024
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The emerging edge computing infrastructure provides distributed and heterogeneous resources closer to where data is generated and where end-users are located, thereby significantly reducing latency. With the recent advances in telecommunication systems, software architecture, and machine learning, there is a noticeable increase in applications that require processing times within tight latency constraints, i.e. latency-sensitive applications. For instance, numerous video analytics applications, such as traffic control systems, necessitate real-time processing capabilities. Orchestrating such applications at the edge offers numerous advantages, including lower latency, optimized bandwidth utilization, and enhanced scalability. However, despite its potential, effectively managing such latency-sensitive applications at the edge poses several challenges such as constrained compute resources, which holds back the full promise of edge computing.This thesis proposes approaches to efficiently deploy latency-sensitive applications on the edge infrastructure. It partly addresses general applications with microservice architectures and party addresses the increasingly more important video analytics applications for the edge. To do so, this thesis proposes various application- and system-level solutions aiming to efficiently utilize constrained compute capacity on the edge while meeting prescribed latency constraints. These solutions primarily focus on effective resource management approaches and optimizing incoming workload inputs, considering the constrained compute capacity of edge resources. Additionally, the thesis explores the synergy effects of employing both application- and system-level resource optimization approaches together.The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed solutions in enhancing the utilization of edge resources for latency-sensitive applications while adhering to application constraints. The proposed resource management solutions, alongside application-level optimization techniques, significantly improve resource efficiency while satisfying application requirements. Our results show that our solutions for microservice architectures significantly improve end-to-end latency by up to 800% while minimizing edge resource usage. Additionally, the results indicate that our application- and system-level optimizations for orchestrating edge resources for video analytics applications can increase the overall throughput by up to 60%.
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| 7. |
- Strömbäck, Camilla, 1989-
(författare)
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Self-Control, Financial Well-Being, and Motivated Reasoning : Essays in Behavioral Finance
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The objective of this thesis is to improve our understanding of how individual differences in intuitive and analytic decision making are associated with people’s behavior as well as their well-being. The first three essays investigate, in turn, how self-control—a typical System 2 driven ability—correlates with financial behavior, financial well-being, and affective forecasting ability. The fourth essay leverages an experimental design, in which a randomized treatment attempts to inhibit the use of System 2 processing by individuals by setting them under time pressure, while measuring how they interpret numerical information.The first essay, Does Self-Control Predict Financial Behavior and Financial Well-Being?, describes how variation in self-reported individual differences in self-control, optimism and deliberativeness predicts financial behavior and financial well-being. Data was collected by means of an online survey distributed to a representative, adult Swedish sample. Results indicate that individuals with better self-control were more likely to engage in sound financial behaviors, were less anxious about financial matters, and felt more secure in their current and future financial situation than individuals displaying lower levels of self-control.The second essay, Subjective Self-Control but Not Objective Measures of Executive Functions Predicts Financial Behavior and Well-Being, is a follow-up study of the first essay. Apart from using the same self-reported measures of self-control, optimism, and deliberativeness as essay one does, this analysis additionally includes an extensive test battery of objective performance measures of executive functions and intelligence. Findings suggest that, while self-reported self-control predicts both financial behavior and subjective financial well-being, neither of the executive functions, nor intelligence do so. This indicates that an ability to form good habits and avoid temptation is more important for sound financial behavior and financial well-being than actual inhibitory control.The third essay, Better Self-Control Does Not Imply Fewer Affective Forecasting Errors, explores whether individual-level differences in self-control can explain observed variation in affective forecasting ability. Moreover, it assesses whether participants with strong self-control are more likely to make “optimal choices” in an intertemporal choice task: i.e. choices that maximize their own expected happiness. To test this, the study leveraged a laboratory experiment with a student sample in Linköping and Stockholm. Study results uncover no evidence of self-control predicting affective forecasting ability. Equally, self-control seemingly had no effect on the probability of individuals’ choosing happiness maximizing options.The fourth essay, Motivated Reasoning, Fast and Slow, investigates whether prior beliefs may hinder individuals from interpreting information about immigration and gender quotas correctly: a process commonly referred to as motivated reasoning. In general terms, motivated reasoning can be conceptualized as an intuitive or analytic process. Testing the prevalence of this form of sense-making, we ran an online experiment where half the respondents were tasked to interpret numeric information under time constraints, and the rest without said constraints. Findings provide clear evidence of the existence of motivated reasoning with regards to issues of both immigration and gender quotas. Numeric ability seemingly reduced the probability of individuals to engage in motivated reasoning, while time pressure had no effect on said likelihood. Hence, results suggest that motivated reasoning is an intuitive, rather than an analytic process.
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| 8. |
- Granberg, Mark, 1986-
(författare)
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Discrimination in hiring : Some experiments, perspectives, and implications
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Hiring discrimination is illegal, morally distasteful, and seen as incommensurate with modern societal ideals. From an economic perspective, if employers hire based on anything other than an applicant’s expected productivity they are behaving inefficiently. If group markers are imperfect signals of productivity, discrimination is also inefficient. Measuring discrimination is a substantial practical challenge but indispensable to policy development and theory evaluation. This thesis focuses on correspondence testing, experiments where researchers create fictitious applicants who apply for real jobs, and then analyze differences in responses between groups to arrive at credible estimates of discrimination. In chapter I, "Do ethnicity and sex of employers affect applicants' job interest? An experimental exploration," co-authored with Ali Ahmed and Niklas Ottosson and published 2020 in Journal for Labour Market Research, we present the findings of a survey experiment. We tested the novel hypothesis that job seekers may discriminate against employers based on ethnicity or gender when they are choosing jobs to apply to. Ultimately, we concluded that the survey experiment provided no evidence of such discrimination. In chapter II, "Hiring discrimination against transgender people: Evidence from a field experiment," co-authored with Per A. Andersson and Ali Ahmed and published 2020 in Labour Economics, we present the findings of a correspondence experiment that tested for hiring discrimination against transgender applicants. We found that transgender applicants were indeed discriminated against in hiring, but that there were some important nuances. For example, transgender men seemed to be discriminated against in male-dominated occupations because they were transgender and in female-dominated occupations because they were men. In chapter III, "Gender discrimination in hiring: An experimental reexamination of the Swedish case," co-authored with Ali Ahmed and Shantanu Khanna published 2021 in Plos One, we present the findings of a study that combined data from three previously published correspondence experiments. Although these experiments were originally designed to test other hypotheses, we used the data to test for gender discrimination in hiring. We found discrimination against males, largely driven by female-dominated occupations. In chapter IV, "An assessment of the correspondence testing methodology," I describe and analyze the methodology and ethics of correspondence tests. I do this by reviewing the 199 correspondence studies published between 2005 and 2020, focusing on methodological choices and the ethical implications of those choices.
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| 9. |
- Jiang, Wen, 1990-
(författare)
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Acid-catalyzed Liquefaction of Industrial Side-streams for Producing Wood Adhesives and Particleboard
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Big quantities of residues and side-streams are generated annually from forest-based and agricultural industries all around the world and present a relatively unexplored renewable resource. Due to the absence of a regularly updated and systematic database of supply, industrial residues and side-streams usually end up in landfill disposal, are used for energy generation, or remain at the production sites. These renewable side-streams are mainly lignocellulosic materials that can be used for fuels, chemicals, and other value-added materials. However, the difficulty in recovering useful components from industrial wastes from a techno-economic point of view is hindering the use of these materials. There are different methods for converting biomass into fuels, chemicals, and materials, including thermochemical, biochemical, and physical conversion. Negative environmental impacts from direct incineration of waste materials and increasing interest in reducing the dependency on fossil-based sources have increased the need for the valorization of the industrial side-streams for material and chemical applications. Among the different thermochemical conversion methods, liquefaction of lignocellulosic materials is an efficient way to convert solid biomass into liquids. Liquefaction including hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) and moderate acid-catalyzed liquefaction (MACL), is often carried out in an aqueous environment by employing organic solvents with or without catalyst under pressure or ambient conditions. A liquefaction process is influenced by many factors such as material type, solvent, catalyst, time, and temperature. All the parameters of the liquefaction are related to each other, and they affect the yields and the properties of the final products. Studies on the utilization of industrial waste and side-streams as feedstock for liquefaction have increased in recent years, generating significant interest from both academia and industry. This PhD study included a literature review on liquefaction technologies that provide liquefied products for wood adhesives, followed by experimental work on MACL and its optimization for different industrial side-streams, such as wood sawdust, bark, and oat husks. Liquefaction of those materials led to different liquefaction yields (LY) due to their different chemical compositions. When the same liquefaction conditions were applied, liquefied wood sawdust had the highest LY while liquefied bark had the lowest. This was mainly attributed to wood sawdust having a higher cellulose and lower lignin content, when compared to bark and oat husks. After optimizing the liquefaction of wood sawdust, obtained products were applied in wood adhesive formulations successfully. Crude liquefied wood (CLW) and purified liquefied wood (PLW) polyols were obtained from the liquefaction of wood sawdust with the highest LY of 99.7% and used for the synthesis of polyurethane (PU) adhesives by reacting them with polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate (pMDI). The bonding strength and penetration to wood adherends of the PU adhesives were affected by the molar ratios between the isocyanate groups (NCO) in pMDI and the hydroxyl groups (OH) in the CLW and PLW. The highest bonding strength of PU adhesives was achieved at an NCO:OH molar ratio of 1.5:1. The thermal stability of the PU adhesives was improved by increasing the NCO:OH molar ratio. PU adhesives based on CLW and PLW with the same adhesive formulation did not show significant differences in their properties while CLW polyol contained more water and alcohols than PLW. A novel method called partial liquefaction of lignocellulosic biomass was also proposed. Partially liquefied bark (PLB) was prepared and used to replace wood particles for producing particleboards (PB) with or without the presence of a commercial synthetic adhesive, i.e. melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF). PLB was shown to provide single-layer PBs with good adhesion, mechanical strength, and water repellency. The overall mechanical properties of non-MUF single-layer PBs were inferior to those of MUF-bonded PBs. Increasing the PLB content up to 9.5% led to enhanced mechanical properties for MUF-bonded PBs. PLB prepared from bark with a particle size less than 2 mm ensured good mechanical behavior of single-layer PBs. Moreover, three-layer particleboards prepared from PLB and wood particles had comparable mechanical properties to the reference PBs made solely from wood particles, and PLB had less influence on the mechanical properties of the PBs when used in the surface layer than in the core layer. Formaldehyde emissions from the three-layer PBs were below the limits required by European Standard EN 13986:2004 and major volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were carboxylic acids. This research provided a comprehensive understanding of converting different lignocellulosic materials by a MACL process into valuable polymers and raw materials, which are suitable for the synthesis of wood adhesives and for the manufacturing of particleboards. Due to time constraints related to conducting the PhD, it was not possible to conduct a full characterization of the liquefied products from the selected materials. Such studies should be part of future research in order to supplement our knowledge of MACL mechanisms.
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| 10. |
- Liss, Erik, 1991-
(författare)
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The Taller the Ladder, the Tougher the Climb? : Essays on the Impact of Income Inequality on Intergenerational Mobility
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The study of income inequality has a rich history within economics and various social sciences. More recently, a growing body of literature has examined intergenerational income mobility to understand not only equality of opportunities but also whether the labor market allocation successfully utilizes the potential abilities from all social strata. This dissertation explores the intricate relationship between income inequality and intergenerational mobility through three distinct research articles.If we envision the income distribution as a ladder, income inequality can be likened to the relative distance between the ladder’s rungs, where greater inequality corresponds to a more stretched-out ladder. Income mobility, on the other hand, is a much more multifaceted concept. The most common way of measuring it is relative mobility, which tries to quantify the mobility between the rungs of the ladder, where an upward jump for one born poor necessarily implies a downward shift for one born richer.Article 1 studies how relative mobility is affected by income inequality across regions within Sweden. If there are substantial income differences across regions within countries that persist across generations, this will contribute to a more stretched-out ladder, potentially making mobility more difficult. The study demonstrates that these regional income disparities persist across generations, resulting in decreased income mobility. The article then proceeds to examine whether migration patterns between richer and poorer regions mitigate or exacerbate this effect.In contrast to relative mobility, absolute mobility measures if children end up being better off in the standard of living compared to their parents, regardless of whether they manage to climb to a higher rung on the ladder compared to their parents. Article 2 delves into examining the trend in absolute income mobility for Sweden, measured as the percentage of children earning more than their parents. The novel decomposition method reveals that Sweden has a high level of absolute mobility mainly due to the low level of income inequality.Article 3 explores the potential of public education to mitigate inequities by examining the causal effects of a 1989 Swedish teacher strike that caused school closures. The article reveals that the strike had both negative short-run effects, measured as student results, and long-run effects, measured as earnings, and the effects were larger for individuals from low-income backgrounds.In summary, this dissertation provides both empirical and methodological contributions to the intricate relationship between inequality and mobility.
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| 11. |
- Mishra, A, et al.
(författare)
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Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents' growth and development
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 615:7954, s. 874-883
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified.
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| 12. |
- Sid Ahmed, Mazen, 1970-
(författare)
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Molecular Epidemiology and Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Qatar
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Inappropriate and excessive use of antibiotics promotes antimicrobial resistance (AMR), particularly in Gram-negative bacteria (GNB). There is a noticeable increase in nosocomial infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which is associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and an increase in cost management. Although this is a global problem, there is a lack of sufficient data on regional differences that can contribute towards effective AMR management. This thesis presents a study of MDR-P. aeruginosa at five different hospitals in Qatar conducted prospectively between October 2014 - September 2017. The aim was to study the epidemiology, microbiological and clinical characteristics of MDR-P. aeruginosa infections as well as investigate the activity of new antibiotic combinations against these bacteria. The prevalence of MDR-P. aeruginosa isolates in the first year was 8.1% (205/2533), isolated from different clinical specimens, but the majority were from respiratory infections (44.9%, n=92). Most cases were exposed to antibiotics during the 90 days prior to isolation (85.4%, n=177), and the resistance to cefepime, ciprofloxacin, piperacillin/tazobactam, meropenem was >90%. To compare pre- and post-Antimicrobial Stewardship Program, there was a significant reduction in antibiotic consumption by 30.4% of total inpatient antibiotic prescriptions (p=0.008) and the prevalence of MDR-P. aeruginosa significantly declined from 9% to 5.4% (p=0.019). The in vitro investigation of ceftazidime/avibactam (CZA) and ceftolozane/tazobactam (C/T) against MDR-P. aeruginosa isolates, showed promising results with susceptibility of 68.8% (n=141/205) and 62.9% (n=129/205), respectively, which was higher than other antipseudomonal agents except colistin. Seventy-five isolates that were sequenced belonged to 29 different sequence types, with ST235 being predominant at 21.3% (16/75). Among the 42 isolates that were resistant to CZA and/or C/T, the most prevalent genes were blaOXA-488 and blaVEB-9 detected in 45.2% (19/42) of isolates. Spearman’s analysis showed that resistance to CZA and C/T were positively correlated with the presence of blaOXA-10, blaPDC-2a, blaVIM-2, and blaVEB-9 , respectively. The study highlights potential key mechanisms that could explain the resistance of MDR-P. aeruginosa to the new antibiotic combinations.
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| 13. |
- Toelstede, Björn
(författare)
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Social Hierarchies between Democracy and Autocracy
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Social hierarchies exist in democracies as well as in authoritarian societies. However, their nature is different. Democratic hierarchies are built bottom-up through election, while autocratic hierarchies are built top-down through coalition formation and domination. Both have power asymmetries between the weaker citizens and the stronger politicians, which are amplified the stronger the hierarchies are. This thesis introduces a model which combines pro-/anti-social behavior with different degrees of hierarchies which I unite in a model called the Structure-Behavior Diagram (Toelstede, 2020/1). This model has the power to categorize countries according to these criteria, and indicates when and how societies move between democracy and authoritarianism.The movements of societies in the political space of the Structure-Behavior Diagram are marked by certain patterns and dynamics. I use the path dependence theory (Toelstede, 2019/2) and examine how so-called path-creating mechanisms can emerge and influence societies to move from democracy to authoritarianism. I show that path dependency-induced dynamics can put democracies at risk and are more serious in hierarchical societies than in horizontal societies.Institutional punishment is widely seen as more stable then peer punishment. However, in political reality, institutional punishment – here in the form of policing – can be marked by over- and under-punishment as well as changes in sociality (Toelstede, 2019/1 and 2020/2). These findings show, together with hierarchy-sensitive characteristics of the path dependency, that institutional punishment and social hierarchies require more attention.Lastly, I show that most democratic societies are intuitively aware of the power asymmetries and long principal-agent chains between them and their political agents. Together, these features provide increasing benefits for an anti-social descent of the agents, although some societies are prepared to trade personal freedom for higher socio-economic welfare. They therefore strive for higher socio-economic efficiency by embracing strong governmental forms and high conformity levels. I call this efficient statism (Toelstede, 2019/2). In doing so, societies compliantly put their free and democratic order at risk.
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| 14. |
- Hedström, Axel, 1989-
(författare)
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Empirical Studies on Economic and Financial Spillovers : Asymmetric Risk and Dependence Modeling
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Financial assets are volatile, and volatility becomes more intense in terms of size and rate of recurrence when markets are uncertain and growing rapidly. The fact that the recurrence rate increased during crisis periods, such as the IT bubble in the early 2000 and the global financial crisis that started in 2007, is a key finding in the literature. Estimating these results requires modeling a time series that can consider volatility clustering. However, the prominent model in finance and economics estimates that the average volatility increases when uncertainty increases. This modeling process needs to consider the asymmetry that financial assets and economic outcomes, such as gross domestic product (GDP) exhibit, which tend to fall drastically in a short period and increase steadily over a long period. To model these different behaviors, one must consider the asymmetric nature of the return, for example, when a stock has extremely low or extremely high returns in a day. To model this behavior, I used several methods in settings that could better explain what happens during market periods when there is higher uncertainty. The general finding is that correlations are higher when returns are in the lower quantiles, called the left tails. Thus, financial assets are positively correlated, especially during periods of increased uncertainty. It is not only clustering that one would try to explain, but another issue is the prediction of one asset’s effect on another. The effect of one asset on another asset is called the spillover effect. We tried to distinguish between events that happen during the same time that affect all assets. These events are called systematic risk, and the effects that one asset has on another asset is called systemic risk. Explaining the systemic risk typically has higher priority from a policy perspective, as systemic risk can be a driver for risk transmission from one asset to another, creating a chain of risk or a spiral of risk. Hence, the approaches I used can model that chain of risk and predict risk transmission while controlling for external factors that increase uncertainty. The results of this research show the connection between energy assets and renewable energy stocks in Papers 1 and 2. For instance, we found that there is a possibility of adjusting the European carbon emission cap and that renewable energy stocks positively correlate with energy commodities in the tails. Thus, renewable energy stocks follow a macroeconomic cycle. The findings of Paper 3 show the systemic and systematic nature of cross-country spillovers between emerging and developed financial markets, and that the spillover is time-varying with increasing spillovers in crisis periods. Paper 4 examines the Nordic banking sector. The results show that banks’ spillover to their local markets is due to their systemic importance and the strength of the spillover is related to the bank’s characteristics. In the final Paper, I studied the upside and downside movement asymmetry of stocks and found that betting on upside volatility is better than a portfolio perspective but comes at the cost of increased pricing errors. The empirical findings of this thesis significantly contribute to policymakers and institutional investors in portfolio diversification and risk management.
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| 15. |
- Jones, Grace
(författare)
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Birch Stem and Wood Traits in Genetic and Silviculture Trials in Southern Sweden
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Swedish tree species of birch (silver: Betula pendula and downy: B. pubescens) are often neglected during forest management activities, resulting in low value logs. This thesis investigated birch stem characteristics and wood properties important for solid wood products, in genetics and management trials in southern Sweden. As well as visual stem size and form measurements, non-destructive testing and evaluation (NDT) tools were used to indirectly estimate wood density (hardness), wood stiffness, and grain angle.The results of this work suggest that for the 19-year-old silver birch and 15-year-old downy birch sites, important solid wood traits were under a reasonable degree of genetic control. It seems possible to breed birch to improve grain angle since heritability and genetic variation was high for this trait. Silver birch genotypes are expected to perform similarly across sites. At a site with both birch species, silver birch was larger with denser wood than downy birch. Few genetic correlations between measurements means selection for one trait will not inadvertently affect another trait. The radial density profiles showed density was continuing to increase. Acoustic velocity (AV) and fibre length were highly correlated, hardness and density were related, and ring width was related to ring density. In a 35-year-old planted Norway spruce stand, naturally regenerated birch AV was not different between treatments (20% or 50% of plot trees were birch by number). However, a correlation was observed between DBH and AV. This older site may reflect common Swedish conditions since planting birch is rare, and likely had more mature birch wood than the genetics trials. Although meeting an immediate need for studies of birch wood properties from managed stands, this work covered few sites. To meet this limitation the tools and techniques applied in this thesis could be used in further studies. The results of this thesis work will be of interest to forest managers who want to breed birch, or select birch stands, for solid wood products.
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| 16. |
- Krzywda, Jakub, 1989-
(författare)
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May the power be with you : managing power-performance tradeoffs in cloud data centers
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overall goal of the work presented in this thesis was to find ways of managing power-performance tradeoffs in cloud data centers. To this end, the relationships between the power consumption of data center servers and the performance of applications hosted in data centers are analyzed, models that capture these relationships are developed, and controllers to optimize the use of data center infrastructures are proposed.The studies were motivated by the massive power consumption of modern data centers, which is a matter of significant financial and environmental concern. Various strategies for improving the power efficiency of data centers have been proposed, including server consolidation, server throttling, and power budgeting. However, no matter what strategy is used to enhance data center power efficiency, substantial reductions in the power consumption of data center servers can easily degrade the performance of hosted applications, causing customer dissatisfaction. It is therefore crucial for data center operators to understand and control power-performance tradeoffs.The research methods used in this work include experiments on real testbeds, the application of statistical methods to create power-performance models, development of various optimization techniques to improve the power efficiency of servers, and simulations to evaluate the proposed solutions at scale.This thesis makes multiple contributions. First, it introduces taxonomies for various aspects of data center configuration, events, management actions, and monitored metrics. We discuss the relationships between these elements and support our analysis with results from a set of testbed experiments. We demonstrate limitations on the usefulness of various data center management actions for controlling power consumption, including Dynamic Voltage Frequency Scaling (DVFS) and Running Average Power Limit (RAPL). We also demonstrate similar limitations on common measures for controlling application performance, including variation of operating system scheduling parameters, CPU pinning, and horizontal and vertical scaling. Finally, we propose a set of power budgeting controllers that act at the application, server, and cluster levels to minimize performance degradation while enforcing power limits.The results and analysis presented in this thesis can be used by data center operators to improve the power-efficiency of servers and reduce overall operational costs while minimizing performance degradation. All of the software generated during this work, including controller source code, virtual machine images, scripts, and simulators, has been open-sourced.
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| 17. |
- Shami, Muhammad Ali, 1980-
(författare)
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Dynamically Reconfigurable Resource Array
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The goals set by the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) for the consumer portable category, to be realized by 2020, are 1000X improvement in performance with only 40\% increase in power budget and no increase in design team size. To meet these goals, the challenges facing the VLSI community are gaps in architecture efficacy, design productivity and battery capacity.As the causes of the gaps in architecture efficacy and battery capacity, this thesis identifies: a) instruction granularity mismatch, b) bit-width granularity mismatch, c) silicon granularity mismatch and d) parallelism mismatch. Field Programmable Gate Array(FPGA) technology can address instruction/bit-width granularity and parallelism mismatch but suffers from silicon granularity mismatch due to high reconfiguration overheads. The ultimate design goal of a system-on-chip is to achieve an ASIC-like performance and FPGA-like flexibility, design time and cost. Coarse Grain Reconfigurable Architectures (CGRAs) are a compromise between ASIC and FPGA since they provide better computational efficiency compared to FPGAs and better engineering efficiency compared to ASIC. However, the current generation of CGRAs lack many architectural properties that would enable them to replace ASIC and/or FPGA by mainstream industry.To objectively discuss these properties, in the first part of the thesis a classification scheme has been proposed that classifies parallel computing machines into 47 classes and propose how they can be graded in terms of flexibility. We apply this classification scheme on academic and industrial reconfigurable architectures to compare them for their similarities and differences. We identify an instruction flow spatial computing class to be used for a CGRA fabric called Dynamically Reconfigurable Resource Array (DRRA) presented in the second part of this thesis. The DRRA fabric is a Parallel Distributed Digital Signal Processing (PDDSP) fabric with distributed arithmetic, logic, interconnect and control resources. Problems associated with the distributed control model of DRRA are identified and architectural solutions that can be exploited by the compiler tools are presented.After logical and physical synthesis, DRRA shows a peak performance of 21 GOPS and peak silicon efficiency of 16.03 GOPS/mm\textsuperscript{2}. We further performed a three-level validation of the DRRA fabric. At first level, we mapped a number of signal and compute intensive algorithms to demonstrate the flexibility of the DRRA fabric. At second level, we measured the gap between ASIC, DRRA and FPGA. On average DRRA shows 22.87x area, 10.75x power consumption, 852x configuration bits, 959x configuration cycles, 63,94x silicon efficiency, 4.78x computational efficiency, and 6.15E+10x better energy-delay product improvements compared to FPGA. Finally, at third level we present the use of DRRA for a real world example of implementing a 128-, 256-, 512-, 1024-, 2048-point configurable FFT processor. For 1024 point FFT, in terms of computational efficiency, DRRA outperforms all CGRAs by at least 2x and is worse than ASIC by 3.45x. As regards silicon efficiency, although dedicated processors perform 1.6x better, DRRA is better than all other CGRAs.
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| 18. |
- Ahmed, Ali, Professor, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Ethnic Discrimination During the Covid-19 Pandemic
- 2023
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Ingår i: Migration and Integration in a Post-Pandemic World. - Cham : Palgrave Macmillan. - 9783031191558 - 9783031191534 - 9783031191527 ; , s. 291-314
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ethnic discrimination is common in labor and housing markets. It leads to lower wages and higher unemployment for ethnic minorities, to segregation in the labor market, and to residential segregation. Several studies show that the Covid-19 pandemic increased the extent of ethnic discrimination. The prejudice against hiring migrants may have increased because people from countries where the epidemic started or from countries with a lower vaccination coverage were blamed for the spread. It may also have increased in the cases where the Covid-19 pandemic led to higher unemployment making it less costly for employers to discriminate.
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| 19. |
- Ahmed, Ali, Professor, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Labor Market Discrimination : Method and Measurement
- 2023
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Ingår i: Elgar Encyclopedia of Labour Studies. - : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 9781800377530 - 9781800377547 ; , s. 106-109
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development of methods for detecting labour market discrimination is characterized by a shift from observational data to different forms of experimental data. At the same time, there has been a shift from examining differences in treatment of groups of employees to differences in hiring.Observational data are associated with omitted variable problems. Field experiments in the form of audit and correspondence studies give better control of what is observed by both employers and the researcher. A limitation is that they can typically be employed only for certain types of (low-skill, early career) jobs and the initial (call-back) stage of the hiring process. Another is that employers’ beliefs cannot be controlled for. Natural and lab experiments can address some of these concerns. Most studies are not able to distinguish theories of between taste-based and statistical discrimination.
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| 20. |
- Ahmed, Ali, Professor, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Labor market discrimination: method and measurement
- 2023
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Ingår i: Elgar Encyclopedia of Labour Studies. - : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 9781800377530 - 9781800377547 ; , s. 106-109
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development of methods for detecting labour market discrimination is characterized by a shift from observational data to different forms of experimental data. At the same time, there has been a shift from examining differences in treatment of groups of employees to differences in hiring.Observational data are associated with omitted variable problems. Field experiments in the form of audit and correspondence studies give better control of what is observed by both employers and the researcher. A limitation is that they can typically be employed only for certain types of (low-skill, early career) jobs and the initial (call-back) stage of the hiring process. Another is that employers’ beliefs cannot be controlled for. Natural and lab experiments can address some of these concerns. Most studies are not able to distinguish theories of between taste-based and statistical discrimination.
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| 21. |
- Ahmed, Ali M., Professor, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Are people fuzzy about who they work with? : An experimental test of Becker’s coworker discrimination hypothesis
- 2021
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Ingår i: The Social Science Journal. - Amsterdam : Taylor & Francis. - 0362-3319 .- 1873-5355. ; 58:4, s. 477-483
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We used an experiment to investigate whether people’s decisions over employment opportunities are affected by the ethnicity and sex of their potential future coworkers. University students (N = 1,406) were asked to state the lowest hourly wage rate at which they would be willing to accept a job on a campus food truck, where they would work alongside the food truck owner. The ethnicity and sex of the food truck owners were randomized across participants. Results showed no signs of coworker prejudice in terms of the probability of being interested in the job and reservation wage.
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| 22. |
- Ahmed, Ali M., Professor, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Asymmetric dynamics between uncertainty and unemployment flows in the United States
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper examines how different uncertainty measures affect the unemployment level, inflow, and outflow in the U.S. across all states of the business cycle. We employ linear and nonlinear causality-in-quantile tests to capture a complete picture of the effect of uncertainty on U.S. unemployment. To verify whether there are any common effects across different uncertainty measures, we use monthly data on four uncertainty measures and on U.S. unemployment from January 1997 to August 2018. Our results corroborate the general predictions from a search and matching framework of how uncertainty affects unemployment and its flows. Fluctuations in uncertainty generate increases (upper-quantile changes) in the unemployment level and in the inflow. Conversely, shocks to uncertainty have a negative impact on U.S. unemployment outflow. Therefore, the effect of uncertainty is asymmetric depending on the states (quantiles) of U.S. unemployment and on the adopted unemployment measure. Our findings suggest statecontingent policies to stabilize the unemployment level when large uncertainty shocks occur.
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| 23. |
- Ahmed, Ali M., Professor, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Asymmetric dynamics between uncertainty and unemployment flows in the United States
- 2022
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Ingår i: Studies in Nonlinear Dynamics and Econometrics. - Berlin, Germany : Walter de Gruyter. - 1081-1826 .- 1558-3708. ; 26:1, s. 155-172
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper examines how different uncertainty measures affect the unemployment level, inflow, and outflow in the U.S. across all states of the business cycle. We employ linear and nonlinear causality-in-quantile tests to capture a complete picture of the effect of uncertainty on U.S. unemployment. To verify whether there are any common effects across different uncertainty measures, we use monthly data on four uncertainty measures and on U.S. unemployment from January 1997 to August 2018. Our results corroborate the general predictions from a search and matching framework of how uncertainty affects unemployment and its flows. Fluctuations in uncertainty generate increases (upper-quantile changes) in the unemployment level and in the inflow. Conversely, shocks to uncertainty have a negative impact on U.S. unemployment outflow. Therefore, the effect of uncertainty is asymmetric depending on the states (quantiles) of U.S. unemployment and on the adopted unemployment measure. Our findings suggest state-contingent policies to stabilize the unemployment level when large uncertainty shocks occur.
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| 24. |
- Ahmed, Ali M., Professor, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Customer discrimination in the fast food market : a web-based experiment on a Swedish university campus
- 2020
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Ingår i: Migration Letters. - London, United Kingdom : Transnational Press London. - 1741-8984 .- 1741-8992. ; 17:6, s. 813-824
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the results of a study that examined customer discrimination against fictitious male and female food truck owners with Arabic-sounding names on a Swedish university campus. In a web-based experiment, students (N = 1,406) were asked, in a market survey setting, whether they thought it was a good idea that a food truck was establishing on their campus and of their willingness to pay for a typical food truck meal. Four names—male and female Swedish-sounding names and male and female Arabic-sounding names—were randomly assigned to food trucks. We found no evidence of customer discrimination against food truck owners with Arabic-sounding names. Participants were slightly more positive to a food truck establishment run by a male with an Arabic-sounding name than a male with a Swedish-sounding name.
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| 25. |
- Ahmed, Ali M., Professor, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Diskriminerar kunder utrikes födda företagare? Resultat från ett webb-baserat experiment
- 2018
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Ingår i: Ekonomisk Debatt. - Stockholm, Sweden : Research Institute of Industrial Economics. - 0345-2646. ; 46:7, s. 25-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Vi presenterar resultat från ett experiment utfört på ett universitetscampus.Deltagarna fick se bilder av olika food-trucks och svara på om de tyckte det varen god idé att en food-truck etablerade sig på campusområdet samt ange sinbetalningsvilja för olika varor. Deltagarna i experimentet var mer positivatill en etablering av en food-truck ägd av en man med arabiskt namn än till enetablering av en food-truck ägd av en man med svenskt namn. Resultaten är avintresse för integrationspolitiken, då de visar att egenföretagare med ursprung iMellanöstern inte diskrimineras i en bransch där de ofta är verksamma.
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