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- Al-Mashhadi, Ammar Nadhom Farman, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in arterial pressure and markers of nitric oxide homeostasis and oxidative stress following surgical correction of hydronephrosis in children
- 2018
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Ingår i: Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, West). - : Springer. - 0931-041X .- 1432-198X. ; 33:4, s. 639-649
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective Recent clinical studies have suggested an increased risk of elevated arterial pressure in patients with hydronephrosis. Animals with experimentally induced hydronephrosis develop hypertension, which is correlated to the degree of obstruction and increased oxidative stress. In this prospective study we investigated changes in arterial pressure, oxidative stress, and nitric oxide (NO) homeostasis following correction of hydronephrosis.Methods Ambulatory arterial pressure (24 h) was monitored in pediatric patients with hydronephrosis (n = 15) before and after surgical correction, and the measurements were compared with arterial pressure measurements in two control groups, i.e. healthy controls (n = 8) and operated controls (n = 8). Markers of oxidative stress and NO homeostasis were analyzed in matched urine and plasma samples.Results The preoperative mean arterial pressure was significantly higher in hydronephrotic patients [83 mmHg; 95% confidence interval (CI) 80–88 mmHg] than in healthy controls (74 mmHg; 95% CI 68–80 mmHg; p < 0.05), and surgical correction of ureteral obstruction reduced arterial pressure (76 mmHg; 95% CI 74–79 mmHg; p < 0.05). Markers of oxidative stress (i.e., 11- dehydroTXB2, PGF2α, 8-iso-PGF2α, 8,12-iso-iPF2α-VI) were significantly increased (p < 0.05) in patients with hydronephrosis compared with both control groups, and these were reduced following surgery (p < 0.05). Interestingly, there was a trend for increased NO synthase activity and signaling in hydronephrosis, which may indicate compensatory mechanism(s).Conclusion This study demonstrates increased arterial pressure and oxidative stress in children with hydronephrosis compared with healthy controls, which can be restored to normal levels by surgical correction of the obstruction. Once reference data on ambulatory blood pressure in this young age group become available, we hope cut-off values can be defined for deciding whether or not to correct hydronephrosis surgically.Keywords Blood pressure . Hydronephrosis . Hypertension . Nitric oxide . Oxidative stress . Ureteral obstruction
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| 2. |
- Al-Mashhadi, Ammar Nadhom Farman
(författare)
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High Blood Pressure in Children with Hydronephrosis
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The most common cause of secondary hypertension is intrinsic renal disease, but little is known about the influence of hydronephrosis on blood pressure. In this thesis, the risk of development of hypertension in children with hydronephrosis was studied.Experimental and clinical studies were combined in order to investigate the risk of developing elevated blood pressure following conservative treatment of hydronephrosis, and to further explore underlying mechanisms. We started with a clinical study in children (study I), which in agreement with previous experimental studies, showed that blood pressure was lowered by surgical management of hydronephrosis. In parallel, an experimental study was conducted (study II) to investigate the involvement of renal sympathetic nerve activity in development of hypertension following induction of hydronephrosis caused by pelvo-ureteric junction obstruction. Renal denervation of the obstructed kidney attenuated hypertension and restored the renal excretion pattern, effects that were associated with reduced activity of both renal NADPH oxidase derived oxidative stress and components of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.Based on the findings in studies I and II, we continued our studies in children with hydronephrosis, and including two control groups as comparisons with the hydronephrotic group (study III). In the same study, we further investigated potential mechanism(s) of hypertension by analyzing markers of oxidative stress and nitric oxide homeostasis in both urine and blood samples. We demonstrated increased arterial pressure and oxidative stress in children with hydronephrosis compared with healthy controls, which was restored to normal levels by surgical correction of the obstruction. Finally, in a retrospective cohort study, blood pressure of adult patients undergoing surgical management of hydronephrosis due to pelvo-ureteric junction obstruction was assessed (study IV). Similar to that demonstrated in the pediatric hydronephrotic population, blood pressure was significantly reduced by relief of the obstruction. In addition, blood pressure was increased again if the hydronephrosis recurred, and was reduced again following re-operation.It is concluded that conservative management of hydronephrosis in children is associated with a risk for development of high blood pressure, which can be reduced or even normalized by relief of the obstruction. The mechanism(s), at least in part, is coupled to increased oxidative stress.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Al-Mashhadi, Ammar Nadhom Farman, et al.
(författare)
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Rhabdomyomatous mesenchymal hamartoma presenting in a child as a perineal mass
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Pediatric Surgery Case Reports. - : ELSEVIER. - 2213-5766. ; 47
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rhabdomyomatous mesenchymal hamartoma (RMH) is a rare hamartomatous lesion in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue. It is mostly found in the face and neck region of children. We report a case of solitary RMH located in the perineum of an 8-month-old boy. Microscopic examination of specimen showed a disordered collection of mature adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, adnexal elements and nerve bundles, and immunohistochemistry confirmed a RMH. This case emphasizes the possibility of RMH in the perineum of the children. Even if RMH is a rare condition in the perineum it should be considered as a differential diagnosis of a perineal mass in children.
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| 5. |
- Al-Mashhadi, Ammar Nadhom Farman, et al.
(författare)
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Surgical treatment reduces blood pressure in children with unilateral congenital hydronephrosis
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Pediatric Urology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1477-5131 .- 1873-4898. ; 11:2, s. 91.e1-91.e6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective Renal disorders can cause hypertension, but less is known about the influence of hydronephrosis on blood pressure. Hydronephrosis due to pelvo-ureteric junction obstruction (PUJO) is a fairly common condition (incidence in newborns of 0.5-1%). Although hypertensive effects of hydronephrosis have been suggested, this has not been substantiated by prospective studies in humans [1-3]. Experimental studies with PUJO have shown that animals with induced hydronephrosis develop salt-sensitive hypertension, which strongly correlate to the degree of obstruction [4-7]. Moreover, relief of the obstruction normalized blood pressure [8]. In this first prospective study our aim was to study the blood pressure pattern in pediatric patients with hydronephrosis before and after surgical correction of the ureteral obstruction. Specifically, we investigated if preoperative blood pressure is reduced after surgery and if split renal function and renographic excretion curves provide any prognostic information. Patients and methods Twelve patients with unilateral congenital hydronephrosis were included in this prospective study. Ambulatory blood pressure (24 h) was measured preoperatively and six months after surgery. Preoperative evaluations of bilateral renal function by Tc99m-MAG3 scintigraphy, and renography curves, classified according to O'Reilly, were also performed. Results As shown in the summary figure, postoperative systolic (103 +/- 2 mmHg) and diastolic (62 +/- 2 mmHg) blood pressure were significantly lower than those obtained preoperatively (110 +/- 4 and 69 +/- 2 mmHg, respectively), whereas no changes in circadian variation or pulse pressure were observed. Renal functional share of the hydronephrotic kidney ranged from 11 to 55%. There was no correlation between the degree of renal function impairment and the preoperative excretory pattern, or between the preoperative excretory pattern and the blood pressure reduction postoperatively. However, preoperative MAG3 function of the affected kidney correlated with the magnitude of blood pressure change after surgery. Discussion Correction of the obstruction lowered blood pressure, and the reduction in blood pressure appeared to correlate with the degree of renal functional impairment, but not with the excretory pattern. Thus, in the setting of hypertension, it appears that the functional share of the hydronephrotic kidney should be considered an indicator of the need for surgery, whereas the renography curve is less reliable. The strength of the present study is the prospective nature and that ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was used. Future longitudinal prolonged follow-up studies are warranted to confirm the present findings, and to understand if a real nephrogenic hypertension with potential necessity of treatment will develop. Conclusion This novel prospective study in patients with congenital hydronephrosis demonstrates a reduction in blood pressure following relief of the obstruction. Based on the present results, we propose that the blood pressure level should also be taken into account when deciding whether to correct hydronephrosis surgically or not.
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| 6. |
- Peleli, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Renal denervation attenuates NADPH oxidase-mediated oxidative stress and hypertension in rats with hydronephrosis
- 2016
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Ingår i: American Journal of Physiology - Renal Physiology. - : American Physiological Society. - 0363-6127 .- 1522-1466 .- 1931-857X. ; 310:1, s. F43-F56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hydronephrosis is associated with development of salt-sensitive hypertension. Studies suggest that increased sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) and oxidative stress play important roles in renovascular hypertension. This study aimed to investigate the link between renal SNA and NADPH oxidase (NOX) regulation in the development of hypertension in rats with hydronephrosis. Hydronephrosis was induced by partial unilateral ureteral obstruction (PUUO) in young rats. Sham surgery or renal denervation was performed at the same time. Blood pressure was measured during normal, high and low salt diets. Renal excretion pattern, NOX activity and expression, as well as components of RAAS were characterized. On normal salt diet, PUUO rats had elevated blood pressure compared with controls (115±3 vs 87±1 mmHg), and displayed increased urine production and lower urine osmolality. Blood pressure change in response to salt loading (salt-sensitivity) was more pronounced in the PUUO group compared with controls (15±2 vs 5±1mmHg). Renal denervation in PUUO rats attenuated hypertension (97±3mmHg) and salt-sensitivity (5±1mmHg), and normalized renal excretion pattern, whereas the degree of renal fibrosis and inflammation was not changed. NOX activity and expression, as well as renin and AT1A receptor expression, were increased in renal cortex from PUUO rats, and normalized by denervation. Plasma sodium and potassium levels were elevated in PUUO rats and normalized after renal denervation. Denervation in PUUO rats was also associated with reduced NOX expression, superoxide production and fibrosis in the heart. This study emphasizes a link between renal nerves, NOX function, and development of hypertension.
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