| 1. |
- Alexeyev, Oleg A.
(författare)
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Bacterial landscape of human skin : seeing the forest for the trees
- 2013
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Ingår i: Experimental dermatology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0906-6705 .- 1600-0625. ; 22:7, s. 443-446
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Skin harbours large communities of colonizing bacteria. The same bacterial species can exist in different physiological states: viable, dormant, non-viable. Each physiological state can have a different impact on skin health and disease. Various analytical methodologies target different physiological states of bacteria, and this must be borne in mind while interpreting microbiological tests and drawing conclusions about possible cause-effect relationships.
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| 2. |
- Alexeyev, Oleg A, et al.
(författare)
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Direct visualization of Propionibacterium acnes in prostate tissue by multicolor fluorescent in situ hybridization assay.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Microbiology. - 0095-1137 .- 1098-660X. ; 45:11, s. 3721-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prostate tissues from patients with prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) frequently contain histological inflammation, and a proportion of these patients show evidence of Propionibacterium acnes infection in the prostate gland. We developed a multicolor fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) assay targeting P. acnes 23S rRNA along with a 14-kb region of the P. acnes genome. This assay was used to analyze prostate tissues from patients with prostate cancer and BPH. P. acnes infection of the prostate gland was demonstrated in prostatic tissue in 5 of 10 randomly selected prostate cancer patients. FISH analysis and confocal laser microscopy imaging revealed intracellular localization and stromal biofilm-like aggregates as common forms of P. acnes infection in prostate tissues from both prostate cancer and BPH patients. A sequential analysis of prostate tissue from individual patients suggested that P. acnes can persist for up to 6 years in the prostate gland. These results indicate that P. acnes can establish a persistent infection in the prostate gland. Further study is needed to clarify the link between this bacterium and prostatic inflammation which may contribute to the development of BPH and prostate cancer.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Alexeyev, Oleg A.
(författare)
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Psoriasis, gut and microbiome
- 2019
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Ingår i: British Journal of Dermatology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0007-0963 .- 1365-2133. ; 181:6, s. 1126-1126
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Alexeyev, Oleg, et al.
(författare)
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Association between the presence of bacterial 16S RNA in prostate specimens taken during transurethral resection of prostate and subsequent risk of prostate cancer (Sweden)
- 2006
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Ingår i: Cancer Causes and Control. - Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers. - 0957-5243 .- 1573-7225. ; 17:9, s. 1127-1133
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To study bacterial 16S RNA in archival prostate samples from 352 patients with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and evaluate whether the presence of bacterial DNA was different in those who later developed prostate cancer (n = 171) and in the matched controls that did not progress to cancer (n = 181).Methods: 16S DNA PCR followed by cloning and sequencing the positive samples.Results: In 96/352 (27%) of the prostate tissue specimens 16S RNA were detected. Sequence analysis revealed Propionibacterium acnes as the predominant microorganism (23% of 16S RNA positive patients). The second most frequent isolate—Escherichia coli was found in 12 (12%) patients. The other isolates included Pseudomonas sp. (3 patients), Actinomyces sp. (2), Streptococcus mutans (1), Corynebacterium sp. (2),Nocardioides sp. (1), Rhodococcus sp. (1) Veillonella sp. (2). In P. acnes positive samples 62% exhibited severe histological inflammation versus 50% in the bacteria-negative group (p = 0.602). The presence of P. acnes in the prostate was associated with prostate cancer development (OR 2.17, 95% CI 0.77–6.95).Conclusions: This study has revealed P. acnes as the most common bacteria in the prostate in BPH. Further studies are needed to clarify its role in contributing to the development of prostatic inflammation and prostate cancer.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Bergh Drott, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Propionibacterium acnes infection induces upregulation of inflammatory genes and cytokine secretion in prostate epithelial cells
- 2010
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Ingår i: BMC Microbiology. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-2180. ; 10, s. 126-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The immune stimulating bacterium Propionibacterium acnes is a frequent colonizer of benign and malignant prostate tissue. To understand the pathogenesis of the earliest phase of this infection, we examined the P. acnes triggered immune response in cultivated prostate epithelial cells.Results: Prostate epithelial cells are triggered to secrete IL-6, IL-8 and GM-CSF when infected with P. acnes. The secretion of cytokines is accompanied by NFκB related upregulation of the secreted cytokines as well as several components of the TLR2-NFκB signaling pathway.Conclusions: P. acnes has potential to trigger a strong immune reaction in the prostate glandular epithelium. Upon infection of prostate via the retrograde urethral route, the induced inflammatory reaction might facilitate bacterial colonization deeper in the prostate tissue where persistent inflammation may impact the development of prostate diseases as hyperplasia and/or malignancy.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Bronnec, Vicky, et al.
(författare)
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Detailed protocol for germ-free Drosophila melanogaster colonization with Propionibacterium spp. biofilms
- 2022
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Ingår i: STAR Protocols. - : Cell Press. - 2666-1667. ; 3:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this protocol, we describe a germ-free Drosophila melanogaster model to investigate anaerobic bacterial biofilms. We detail how to establish Propionibacterium spp. biofilms in the fruit fly's gut using an easy to carry out method. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Bronnec and Alexeyev (2021) and Bronnec et al. (2022).
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| 13. |
- Bronnec, Vicky, et al.
(författare)
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In vivo model of Propionibacterium (Cutibacterium) spp. biofilm in Drosophila melanogaster
- 2021
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Ingår i: Anaerobe. - : Academic Press. - 1075-9964 .- 1095-8274. ; 72
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Acne vulgaris is a common inflammatory disorder of the pilosebaceous unit and Propionibacterium acnes biofilm-forming ability is believed to be a contributing factor to the disease development. In vivo models mimicking hair follicle environment are lacking. The aim of this study was to develop an in vivo Propionibacterium spp. biofilm model in Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly).Methods: We created a sterile line of D. melanogaster able to sustain Propionibacterium spp. biofilms in the gut. In order to mimic the lipid-rich, anaerobic environment of the hair follicle, fruit flies were maintained on lipid-rich diet. Propionibacterium spp. biofilms were visualized by immunofluorescence and scanning electron microscopy. We further tested if the biofilm-dispersal activity of DNase I can be demonstrated in the developed model.Results: We have demonstrated the feasibility of our in vivo model for development and study of P. acnes, P. granulosum and P. avidum biofilms. The model is suitable to evaluate dispersal as well as other agents against P. acnes biofilm.Conclusions: We report a novel in vivo model for studying Propionibacterium spp. biofilms. The model can be suitable for both mechanistic as well as interventional studies.
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| 14. |
- Bronnec, Vicky, et al.
(författare)
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Propionibacterium (Cutibacterium) granulosum Extracellular DNase BmdE Targeting Propionibacterium (Cutibacterium) acnes Biofilm Matrix, a Novel Inter-Species Competition Mechanism
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2235-2988. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Acne vulgaris is the most common dermatological disorder worldwide affecting more than 80% of adolescents and young adults with a global prevalence of 231 million cases in 2019. The involvement of the skin microbiome disbalance in the pathophysiology of acne is recognized, especially regarding the relative abundance and diversity of Propionibacterium acnes a well-known dominant human skin commensal. Biofilms, where bacteria are embedded into a protective polymeric extracellular matrix, are the most prevalent life style for microorganisms. P. acnes and its biofilm-forming ability is believed to be a contributing factor in the development of acne vulgaris, the persistence of the opportunistic pathogen and antibiotic therapy failures. Degradation of the extracellular matrix is one of the strategies used by bacteria to disperse the biofilm of competitors. In this study, we report the identification of an endogenous extracellular nuclease, BmdE, secreted by Propionibacterium granulosum able to degrade P. acnes biofilm both in vivo and in vitro. This, to our knowledge, may represent a novel competitive mechanism between two closely related species in the skin. Antibiotics targeting P. acnes have been the mainstay in acne treatment. Extensive and long-term use of antibiotics has led to the selection and spread of resistant bacteria. The extracellular DNase BmdE may represent a new bio-therapeutical strategy to combat P. acnes biofilm in acne vulgaris.
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| 15. |
- Eilers, Hinnerk, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of GT-Peptide 10 and Triethyl Citrate on P. acnes Biofilm Formation, Viability, and Dispersion
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of drugs in dermatology. - 1545-9616. ; 15:6, s. 778-781
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: P. acnes biofilms are emerging topics in acne vulgaris pathogenesis and may be responsible for antibiotic tolerance. Objective: To investigate the efficacy of GT peptide 10 either alone or in combination with triethyl citrate (TEC) in in vitro model of P acnes biofilm. Methods: Six-day-old P acnes biofilms were treated with various concentrations of these substances and biofilm dispersion and cell viability were monitored. Results: A 24-hour exposure of preformed biofilms to a combination of GT peptide 10/TEC led to killing of up to 92% of bacterial cells inside the biofilm. Neither the single substance nor the combination of both substances affected the biofilm integrity or resulted in biofilm dispersal. Conclusions: A combination of GT peptide 10/TEC shows antibacterial effects in in vitro model of P. acnes biofilm.
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| 16. |
- Eklöf, Vincy, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Cancer-associated fecal microbial markers in colorectal cancer detection
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 141:12, s. 2528-2536
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cause of cancer death in the western world. An effective screening program leading to early detection of disease would severely reduce the mortality of CRC. Alterations in the gut microbiota have been linked to CRC, but the potential of microbial markers for use in CRC screening has been largely unstudied. We used a nested case-control study of 238 study subjects to explore the use of microbial markers for clbA+ bacteria harboring the pks pathogenicity island, afa-C+ diffusely adherent Escherichia coli harboring the afa-1 operon, and Fusobacterium nucleatum in stool as potential screening markers for CRC. We found that individual markers for clbA+ bacteria and F. nucleatum were more abundant in stool of patients with CRC, and could predict cancer with a relatively high specificity (81.5% and 76.9%, respectively) and with a sensitivity of 56.4% and 69.2%, respectively. In a combined test of clbA+ bacteria and F. nucleatum, CRC was detected with a specificity of 63.1% and a sensitivity of 84.6%. Our findings support a potential value of microbial factors in stool as putative noninvasive biomarkers for CRC detection. We propose that microbial markers may represent an important future screening strategy for CRC, selecting patients with a "high-risk" microbial pattern to other further diagnostic procedures such as colonoscopy.
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| 17. |
- Jahns, Anika C, et al.
(författare)
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An increased incidence of Propionibacterium acnes biofilms in acne vulgaris : a case-control study
- 2012
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Ingår i: British Journal of Dermatology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0007-0963 .- 1365-2133. ; 167:1, s. 50-58
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Summary Background Acne vulgaris is a disorder of the sebaceous follicles. Propionibacterium acnes can be involved in inflammatory acne. Objectives This case-control study aimed at investigating the occurrence and localization of P. acnes in facial biopsies in acne and to characterize the P. acnes phylotype in skin compartments. Methods Specific monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies were applied to skin biopsies of 38 patients with acne and matching controls to localize and characterize P. acnes and to determine expression of co-haemolysin CAMP factor, a putative virulence determinant. Results Follicular P. acnes was demonstrated in 18 (47%) samples from patients with acne and eight (21%) control samples [odds ratio (OR) 3·37, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·23-9·23; P = 0·017]. In 14 (37%) samples from patients with acne, P. acnes was visualized in large macrocolonies/biofilms in sebaceous follicles compared with only five (13%) control samples (OR 3·85, 95% CI 1·22-12·14; P = 0·021). Macrocolonies/biofilms consisting of mixed P. acnes phylotypes expressing CAMP1 were detected in both case and control samples. Only four samples tested positive for the presence of Staphylococcus spp. and fungi were not observed. Conclusions We have for the first time visualized different P. acnes phylotypes in macrocolonies/biofilms in sebaceous follicles of skin biopsies. Our results support the hypothesis that P. acnes can play a role in the pathogenesis of acne as acne samples showed a higher prevalence of follicular P. acnes colonization, both in terms of follicles containing P. acnes and the greater numbers of bacteria in macrocolonies/biofilms than in control samples.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Jahns, Anika C., et al.
(författare)
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Microbial colonization of normal skin : Direct visualization of 194 skin biopsies
- 2016
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Ingår i: Anaerobe. - : Elsevier BV. - 1075-9964 .- 1095-8274. ; 38, s. 47-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent genetic studies have suggested the presence of numerous microbial species on and in the skin. We characterised microbial colonization of a large collection of skin biopsies from 194 healthy subjects by fluorescence assay. Forty per cent of all biopsies did not show any evidence for microbial colonization. Propionibacterium acnes was the sole predominant bacterial species in both sebaceous and non-sebaceous areas. Non- P. acnes species were present in approximately 30% of all colonized samples.. Only hair follicles and stratum corneum were colonized. Understanding of cutaneous microbiota requires validation from a variety of approaches and techniques.
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| 20. |
- Jahns, Anika C., et al.
(författare)
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Microbiology of folliculitis : a histological study of 39 cases
- 2014
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Ingår i: Acta Pathologica, Microbiologica et Immunologica Scandinavica (APMIS). - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0903-4641 .- 1600-0463. ; 122:1, s. 25-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Folliculitis is a common inflammatory skin syndrome. Several microbial organisms have been put forward as causative agents, but few studies visualized microbes directly in inflamed hair follicles. This retrospective study investigated bacterial and fungal colonization of inflamed hair follicles in patients with clinically diagnosed non-infectious folliculitis. Skin biopsies from 39 folliculitis patients and 27 controls were screened by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using broad-range bacterial and fungal probes and by immunofluorescence microscopy using a monoclonal antibody towards Gram-positive bacteria. Specific monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies towards Staphylococcus spp. and Propionibacterium acnes were applied for further species identification. Inflamed follicles were associated with bacterial colonization in 10 samples (26%) and fungal colonization in three samples (8%). Staphylococcus spp. were observed in inflamed follicles in seven samples (18%). Two samples were positive for P. acnes, which were identified as either type II or type IB/type III. Both Staphylococcus spp. and P. acnes were seen in macrocolonies/biofilm structures. In conclusion, one-third of patients with clinically diagnosed, non-infectious folliculitis exhibited microbial colonization with predominance of Staphylococcus spp.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Jahns, Anika C., et al.
(författare)
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No link between rosacea and Propionibacterium acnes
- 2012
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Ingår i: Acta Pathologica, Microbiologica et Immunologica Scandinavica (APMIS). - : Wiley. - 0903-4641 .- 1600-0463. ; 120:11, s. 922-925
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rosacea is a common skin disease in adults affecting mainly the facial skin. Although inflammation appears to play a pathogenic role in rosacea, initiating factors are largely unknown. Microbial involvement in the development of rosacea has been suggested previously. We aimed to visualize Propionibacterium acnes in the skin compartments of rosacea patients. Facial skin biopsies from 82 rosacea patients and 25 controls were stained with a P. acnes-specific monoclonal antibody (QUBPa3). Seven of 82 patients (8.5%) tested positive for P. acnes which was present either as a biofilm (57% of positive) or a microcolony (43%) in colonized patients. Our results suggest that P. acnes does not play a major role in the pathogenesis of rosacea.
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| 23. |
- Jahns, Anika C, et al.
(författare)
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Propionibacterium species and follicular keratinocyte activation in acneic and normal skin
- 2015
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Ingår i: British Journal of Dermatology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0007-0963 .- 1365-2133. ; 172:4, s. 981-987
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The pathogenesis of acne vulgaris is multifactorial with increased sebum production, alteration in the quality of sebum lipids, dysregulation of the hormone microenvironment, follicular hyperkeratinization and Propionibacterium acnes-driven inflammation as major contributory factors. Hyperproliferation of keratinocytes is believed to contribute to hypercornification and eventually leads to comedone development. While the distribution of P. acnes is relatively well documented in acneic and healthy skin, little is known about P. granulosum and P. avidum.Objectives To visualize directly the three major Propionibacterium in 117 control and 26 acneic skin samples. In addition, keratinocyte proliferation was evaluated.Methods Propionibacteria were visualized by immunofluorescence microscopy, and keratinocyte proliferation was assessed by Ki67, keratin (K) 16 and p63 immunochemistry.Results P. acnes was identified in 68 samples (48%), while P. granulosum was identified in 12 (8%) samples; P. avidum was not detected at all. Unexpectedly, acne samples did not show higher keratinocyte proliferation than controls, nor was there any association between bacterial colonization and expression of Ki67/K16/p63.Conclusions Our findings do not support earlier notions of follicular keratinocyte hyperproliferation as a cause of ductal hypercornification in acneic facial skin. Further studies on the mechanisms underlying hypercornification in acne pathogenesis are needed.
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| 24. |
- Jahns, Anika C, et al.
(författare)
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Simultaneous visualization of Propionibacterium acnes and Propionibacterium granulosum with immunofluorescence and fluorescence in situ hybridization
- 2013
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Ingår i: Anaerobe. - : Elsevier. - 1075-9964 .- 1095-8274. ; 23, s. 48-54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) and Propionibacterium granulosum (P. granulosum) are common skin colonizers that are implicated as possible contributing factors in acne vulgaris development. We have established direct visualization tools for the simultaneous detection of these closely related species with immunofluorescence assay and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). As proof of principle, we were able to distinguish P. acnes and P. granulosum bacteria in multi-species populations in vitro as well as in a mock skin infection model upon labelling with 16S rRNA probes in combinatorial FISH as well as with antibodies. Furthermore, we report the co-localization of P. acnes and P. granulosum in the stratum corneum and hair follicles from patients with acne vulgaris as well as in healthy individuals. Further studies on the spatial distribution of these bacteria in skin structures in various skin disorders are needed.
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| 25. |
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