| 1. |
- Hlal, Fatima, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Life Cycle Cost and Life Cycle Assessment of Composite Bridge with Flat and Corrugated Webs
- 2023
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Ingår i: ce/papers. ; 6, s. 574-579
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To satisfy the sustainability criteria, a bridge design must be economically viable during its entire service life with a minimal impact on the environment. While stainless steel is known for its excellent life cycle performance, its high cost prevents it from being used in bridges to a larger extent. This study evaluates a new design solution that takes advantage of using corrugated web in bridge girders to overcome this issue. Three design concepts are evaluated for a three-span case-study bridge. These include a bridge with carbon steel flat web, stainless steel flat web, and stainless-steel corrugated web girders. Each design is optimized using a genetic algorithm. The three optimal solutions are then evaluated in terms of investment costs, life cycle costs (LCC) and life cycle impact. The results show that the investment costs in a flat web girder bridge increase by 27% when stainless steel is used instead of C-Mn (carbon) steel. However, this increase is only 10% when corrugated web girders are used. On the other hand, the LCC savings increase from 6% to 18% for corrugated web girders. Finally, the use of corrugated web in stainless steel leads to a reduction in the climate impacts of up to 32% compared to carbon steel for the studied bridge.
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| 2. |
- Amani, Mozhdeh, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Shear behavior of stainless steel girders with corrugated webs
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of constructional steel research. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0143-974X .- 1873-5983. ; 210
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, the shear strength of corrugated web girders made of EN 1.4162/LDX 2101 stainless steel is investigated. Four full-scale trapezoidal corrugated web girders were tested under shear. Before conducting the tests, DIC was used to measure the real geometric imperfections in the web panels. Complementary finite element analysis studies were conducted to assess the sensitivity of the shear strength to initial imperfections. The experimental results indicated that all the tested girders with a local slenderness ratio of λ = 0.7 attained the shear yield strength, which was then followed by strain hardening in the material at a level that was 8–18% higher than the yield strength. This implies that the Eurocode's limit of λ = 0.25 to attain the plastic shear strength in corrugated webs can be quite conservative for stainless steel. According to the findings of the imperfection sensitivity studies, an initial geometric imperfection based on the first eigen buckling mode and with a maximum amplitude of amax/200, where amax is the maximum corrugation fold length, yielded ultimate strength within 3% of the test results. When the amplitude was increased to hw/200, where hw is the web height, the ultimate strength was estimated to be 25% lower on average than in the experiments. In three of the studied girders, initial imperfections with other forms than the first buckling mode were found to be more critical. Further, it was found that regardless of mode number, mode shapes that are more extended over the web panel result in a higher degradation of the ultimate shear strength. © 2023 The Authors
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| 3. |
- Hlal, Fatima, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Preliminary Study on Plate Girders with Corrugated Webs
- 2022
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Corrugated web beams have been studied extensively in this report. Previous design models have been collected from the literature and compared to Eurocode design models. Different design considerations were recommended based on the findings.
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| 4. |
- Hlal, Fatima, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Stainless steel corrugated web girders for composite road bridges: Optimization and parametric studies
- 2024
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Ingår i: Engineering Structures. - 1873-7323 .- 0141-0296. ; 302
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To achieve sustainability in bridge design, it is critical to ensure both economic viability and low environmental impact. While stainless steel has great mechanical properties and life cycle performance, the material is expensive, which has limited its use in bridges. This research aims at exploring the benefits of using stainless steel corrugated web girders as an alternative to carbon steel flat web girders in composite road bridges. This concept is expected to lower the investment cost, which enables a broader utilization of the good properties offered by stainless steel. A genetic algorithm optimization routine has been developed to produce bridge designs with minimum weight, investment cost, life cycle cost (LCC), or life cycle impact. Multiple parametric studies are conducted using a simply supported reference bridge. The optimal design solutions are compared for two main design alternatives: conventional S355 flat web girders and duplex (EN 1.4162) corrugated web girders. The parametric studies consider the effects of different design parameters, including the span length, available girder depth, average daily traffic (ADT) with the corresponding indicated number of heavy vehicles in the slow lane (Nobs), and the paint maintenance schedule, on the optimal solutions. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis is carried out to analyse the impact of inflation and discount rates on the obtained results. The results show that the concept of stainless steel corrugated web girders offers significant potential LCC and environmental impact saving for the examined span lengths, particularly in the case of deeper girders, high ADTs, and more intensive maintenance activities. Also, despite the influence of inflation and discount rates on LCC results, the studied concept consistently demonstrated favorable results.
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