| 1. |
- Andersson, Ketty, et al.
(författare)
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Enhancing teachers’ classroom communication skills – Measuring the effect of a continued professional development programme for mainstream school teachers
- 2022
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Ingår i: Child Language Teaching and Therapy. - : SAGE Publications. - 0265-6590 .- 1477-0865. ; 38:2, s. 166-179
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Continued professional development (CPD), tailored to teachers’ needs and expectations, is required for updated skills and knowledge. In this study, twenty-five teachers working with first and second grade students participated in an 11-week programme focusing on enhancing classroom communication. The participating teachers were randomly assigned to either a direct intervention track (intervention) or a delayed intervention track (waiting control). Teachers’ perceptions of activities and interactions in the classroom and self-efficacy were assessed on three occasions: T1, T2, and T3. The direct intervention track received intervention between T1 and T2, while the delayed intervention track received intervention between T2 and T3. A percentage change score for changes between T1 and T2 was calculated, to compare the direct and delayed intervention tracks and assess any intervention effect. Results revealed no significant difference between the groups, i.e., the intervention had no effect on teacher self-reports. The teachers gave an overall positive evaluation of the CPD. Thematic analyses revealed continued need for professional development and insights into the reciprocal influence of student and teacher behaviour. The quantitative and qualitative results paint somewhat different pictures showing the need of mixed methods when analysing these kinds of data.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Ketty, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of language background and school factors on core language skills
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bilingual children are at a disadvantage when compared to monolingual norms in language assessment. Monolingual assessment fails to acknowledge the asymmetrically distributed linguistic competence of bilingual children, for example, different levels of mastery of family and school related concepts in the first and second languages, respectively. Consequently, monolingual assessment results in an overidentification of language impairment in bilingual populations. However, other factors, in many communities associated with bilingualism, may also yield low results in language assessments. We investigated the Swedish CELF-4 Core subscales for receptive language and grammatical production of over 220 7-8-year-old children, all students in the classrooms of teachers participating in an ongoing practice-embedded intervention aimed at modifying mainstream primary school teachers’ verbal and nonverbal instructional communication. The student sample is representative of a southern Swedish urban and suburban population, with approximately 50 percent of students reported by parents to use at least one other language on a daily basis, in addition to the Swedish used in school, although with great differences in proportions, with participating schools ranging between 0 and 95 percent bilingual students. Multiple linear regression was used to assess the contribution of bilingualism, parental education level, school district and enrolment in extra-curricular activities on CELF-4 Core scores. In isolation, bilingualism predicted 38 percent of the variance in the CELF-4 Core scores, p < 0,01. With parental education level, school district and enrolment in extra-curricular activities entered the total variance explained by the model increased to 54 percent. However, the unique contribution of bilingualism was reduced to 9 percent. The results highlight the need to look beyond bilingualism in language assessment and educational management of bilingual children and adolescents, and to consider other explanations to academic struggle. Furthermore, alternative interventions must be considered and applied proportionately to their respective impact on the individual’s development. Evidence-based, high-quality language instruction in school must be complemented by community-based interventions aimed at increasing the parental education level and at providing counsel to parents and families on factors associated with academic advancement, e.g. extra-curricular activities. Measures must also be taken to reduce the gap between schools in order to avoid the double dose of disadvantage often experienced by bilingual children and adolescents and their families in areas of socioeconomic stress.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Ketty, et al.
(författare)
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The contribution of bilingualism, parental education, and school characteristics to performance on the clinical evaluation of language fundamentals : Fourth edition, Swedish
- 2019
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Assessment of bilingual children in only one language fails to acknowledge their distributed linguistic competence and has been shown to overidentify language disorder in bilingual populations. However, other factors, sometimes associated with bilingualism, may also contribute to low results in language assessments. Our aim was to examine the impact of these factors on language abilities. We used the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals - Fourth Edition, Swedish (CELF-4) to investigate core language abilities of 224 7- to 8-year-old children. Results showed 30 and 80% of monolinguals and bilinguals, respectively, performing more than 1 SD below the normative sample mean, calling into question the clinical utility of the test. However, participant and school characteristics provided a deeper understanding of the skewed results. In isolation, bilingualism predicted 38% of the variance in the CELF-4 Core scores. With level of parental education entered the variance explained by the model increased to 52%, but the unique contribution of bilingualism was reduced to 20%. Finally, with information added on school characteristics and enrollment in the school's recreation center the model explained an additional two percent, with the unique contribution of bilingualism further reduced to 9%. The results indicate an increased risk for low results on the CELF-4 Core when children present with multiple risk factors. This highlights the need to look beyond bilingualism in language assessment of bilingual children and adolescents and to consider other explanations to academic struggle. Available interventions must be considered and applied proportionately to their respective impact on the individual's development.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Andersson, M, et al.
(författare)
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Macroscopic alignment of silver nanoparticles in reverse hexagonal liquid crystalline templates
- 2002
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Ingår i: Nano Letters. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1530-6992 .- 1530-6984. ; 2:12, s. 1403-1407
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A flexible method of preparing and macroscopically aligning nanoparticles of crystalline silver into millimeter long fibers is presented. The approach utilizes the dual functionality of a reverse hexagonal liquid crystalline template containing a built-in reducing agent facing the aqueous domain. The method is advantageous in that its slow kinetics allows for a thorough introduction of a silver salt into the liquid crystal before the reduction takes place, allowing for an efficient loading of he template and a retained mesoscopic ordering as evidenced by SAXS. It was confirmed by H-1 NMR that the oxyethylene groups of the amphiphilic polymer reduce the silver ions while being oxidized to aldehydes. The silver nanoparticles are uniform in size and in the same size range as the diameter of the aqueous domain of the liquid crystal (3 nm), further supporting that the silver particles form inside the liquid crystal. TEM images confirm the macroscopic alignment of silver nanoparticles into fibrils and the packing of fibrils into millimeter long fibers. The diameter of the fibrils and fibers ranges from 30 nm to several hundreds of micrometers. Electron diffraction analysis of a collection of silver nanoparticles confirms their crystallinity as three diffraction rings could be indexed to the face centered cubic structure of silver. A key to the successful macroscopic alignment of the nanoparticles is that the particles are formed inside the liquid crystal, thus minimizing the need for their diffusion i to and inside the liquid crystal.
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Martin, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Vesicle and bilayer formation of diphytanoylphosphatidylcholine (DPhPC) and diphytanoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DPhPE) mixtures and their bilayers' electrical stability
- 2011
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Ingår i: Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces. - : Elsevier BV. - 0927-7765 .- 1873-4367. ; 82:2, s. 550-561
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lipid bilayers are of interest in applications where a cell membrane mimicking environment is desired. The performance of the lipid bilayer is largely dependent on the physical and chemical properties of the component lipids. Lipid bilayers consisting of phytanoyl lipids have proven to be appropriate choices since they exhibit high mechanical and chemical stability. In addition, such bilayers have high electrical resistances. Two different phytanoyl lipids, 1,2-diphytanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPhPC) and 1,2-diphytanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine(DPhPE), and various combinations of the two have been investigated with respect to their behavior in aqueous solutions, their interactions with solid surfaces, and their electrical stability. Dynamic light scattering, nuclear magnetic resonance diffusion, and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy measurements showed that pure DPhPC as well as mixtures of DPhPC and DPhPE consisting of greater than 50% (mol%) DPhPC formed unilamellar vesicles. If the total lipid concentration was greater than 0.15 g/l, then the vesicles formed solid-supported bilayers on plasma-treated gold and silica surfaces by the process of spontaneous vesicle adsorption and rupture, as determined by quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring and atomic force microscopy. The solid-supported bilayers exhibited a high degree of viscoelasticity, probably an effect of relatively high amounts of imbibed water or incomplete vesicle fusion. Lipid compositions consisting of greater than 50% DPhPE formed small flower-like vesicular structures along with discrete liquid crystalline structures, as evidenced by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, electrophysiology measurements were performed on bilayers using the tip-dip methodology and the bilayers' capacity to retain its electrical resistance towards an applied potential across the bilayer was evaluated as a function of lipid composition. It was shown that the lipid ratio significantly affected the bilayer's electrical stability, with pure DPhPE having the highest stability followed by 3DPhPC:7DPhPE and 7DPhPC:3DPhPE in decreasing order. The bilayer consisting of 5DPhPC:5DPhPE had the lowest stability towards the applied electrical potential.
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| 7. |
- Andersson, Viveka, et al.
(författare)
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Benefits of using the Brief Pain Inventory in patients with cancer pain: an intervention study conducted in Swedish hospitals
- 2020
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Ingår i: Supportive Care in Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0941-4355 .- 1433-7339. ; 28, s. 3721-3729
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose The prevalence of cancer pain is too high. There is a need for improvement of pain management in cancer care. The aim of this study was to explore whether the use of the multidimensional pain assessment questionnaire Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) could improve pain relief in hospitalized patients with cancer. Methods A controlled intervention study was performed at two hospitals in western Sweden, 264 patients were included, 132 formed a control group and 132 an intervention group. All participants completed the BPI and the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS) at baseline. Only the researcher had access to questionnaires from the control group. The completed forms from the intervention group were presented to the patients’ care team. A follow-up took place after 2–5 days when patients in both groups rated the scales a second time. Results In the intervention group, significant differences in all measured items of the BPI were found at follow-up compared with baseline. Symptoms rated with the ESAS also decreased significantly, except shortness of breath. At follow-up, a significant increase in regular use of paracetamol, anti-neuropathic pain drugs and opioids was found, as well as elevated doses of fixed-schedule opioids. In the control group, differences between baseline and follow-up were significant regarding average pain and worst pain over the past 24 h. Conclusion Presenting the patient-reported BPI to the care team helped them to focus on patients’ pain, identify pain mechanisms and adjust analgesics accordingly. A possible explanation for the results is changes in the medication prescribed.
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| 8. |
- Andersson, Viveka
(författare)
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Förekomst och behandling av smärta samt interventioner som bidrar till förbättrat smärtomhändertagande hos patienter på sjukhus
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Pain is common in hospitalized patients. Despite the availability of various treatment methods and effective drugs foroptimal pain alleviation, research has revealed that pain treatment remains suboptimal. Aim: e overall aim was to investigate the prevalence and treatment of pain in hospitalized patients, and whether interventions can improve pain management. Methods: A combination of methods was employed for data collection and analysis. Study I is a quantitative cross-sectional study. An intervention comprising the use of pain guidelines, education and nurses with responsibility for pain management was implemented between baseline (n=) and follow up (n=). Study II is a cross-sectional study that examined the occurrence and treatment of pain in hospitalized children and adolescents aged - years. Study III is a qualitative interview study where content analysis was employed. Out of adult patients who had undergone orthopaedic surgery, nine received oral information and nine both oral and written information about pain treatment. Study IV is a controlled intervention study comprising patients with cancer pain, half of whom were allocated to a control group and the other half to an intervention group. A multidimensional pain questionnarie was used in which the patients rated their pain. After the baseline measurements, the completed questionnaires were given to the care team, while only the researchers had access to those of the control group. e follow up measurement took place - days later. Results: Study I revealed significant differences in terms of increased use of pain rating and improved drug prescription. Study II highlighted deficiencies in pain rating and drug prescription in hospitalized children and adolescents. e children reported that drugs as well as different non-pharmacological methods provided pain relief. Study III demonstrated that the patients perceived that oral and written information provided them with knowledge that enabled involvement in their own pain treatment, whereas oral information alone was difficult to remember and use postoperatively. Study IV showed a significantly lower pain intensity and less influence on other pain-related dimensions and symptoms, as a result of drug adjustments in the intervention group. Conclusion: e present thesis contributes knowledge about the occurrence and treatment of pain in hospitalized patients. Interventions can facilitate improved pain management, both in terms of pain rating and treatment. Improved pain treatment can reduce pain and lead to less impact on other dimensions and symptoms. More research in the area is needed to design several interventions that can alleviate pain, increase knowledge and raise awareness of the need for greater focus on ethical and humanitarian aspects of caring for patients with pain.
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| 9. |
- Andersson, Viveka, et al.
(författare)
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Pain and pain management in children and adolescents receiving hospital care: a cross-sectional study from Sweden
- 2022
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Ingår i: BMC Pediatrics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2431. ; 22:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Pain is a common symptom in children receiving hospital care. Adequate pain management in paediatric patients is of the utmost importance. Few studies have investigated children's own experiences of pain during hospitalization. Aim To describe the prevalence of pain, self-reported pain intensity at rest and during movement, pain management and compliance with pain treatment guidelines in children and adolescents receiving hospital care. Furthermore, to examine self-reported statements about pain relief and how often staff asked about pain. Methods A quantitative, cross-sectional study with descriptive statistics as the data analysis method was conducted at a county hospital in western Sweden. Sixty-nine children/adolescents aged 6-18 years who had experienced pain during their hospital stay were included. A structured, verbally administered questionnaire was used to obtain pain reports. The participants were also asked what they considered alleviated pain and how often they told staff about pain. Patient demographics, prescribed analgesics and documentation of pain rating were obtained from medical records. Results Fifty children/adolescents (72%) experienced moderate to severe pain in the previous 24 hours. At the time of the interview 36% reported moderate to severe pain at rest and 58% during movement. Seven participants (10%) reported severe pain both at rest and during movement. About one-third were on a regular multimodal analgesic regimen and 28% had used a validated pain rating scale. Thirty children/adolescents (43%) reported that they had experienced procedural pain in addition to their underlying pain condition. Most of the children/adolescents (74%) reported that analgesics provided pain relief. Forty (58%) stated that various non-pharmacological methods were helpful. Conclusions Despite evidence-based guidelines, half of the children/adolescents experienced moderate to severe pain, highlighting the need for improvement. Pain levels should be assessed both at rest and during movement. Response to treatment should be evaluated to prevent undertreatment of pain. Compliance with guidelines and professional communication are of the utmost importance for pain management in children/adolescents. Non-pharmacological methods are a valuable part of a pain management strategy. This study shows that it is important to evaluate and improve pain care also outside specialised tertiary clinics.
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| 10. |
- Andersson, Viveka, et al.
(författare)
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Pain and pain management in hospitalized patients before and after an intervention
- 2017
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Pain. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 1877-8860 .- 1877-8879. ; 15, s. 22-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aim Studies have shown that pain is common among hospitalized patients and that there is a lack of compliance with pain management guidelines. Improving pain management does not only involve developing new drugs or technology; even more important is an effective organisation that utilises existing expertise. The aim of this study was to investigate whether pain in hospitalized patients can be reduced by implementing evidence-based pain management guidelines, providing education for staff and an organisation that includes pain responsibility nurses. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out between 2009 and 2010 at two hospitals in southwest Sweden, comprising a baseline survey followed by an intervention. The study involved 306 patients, who answered questions about pain intensity at rest and while moving, disturbed sleep due to pain and whether they had used a pain rating scale while in hospital. Medical records were scrutinised for analgesic prescriptions. An intervention then took place, involving implementation of evidence-based guidelines, staff education and the introduction of pain responsibility nurses. A follow-up survey was carried out in 2012, in which 293 patients answered the same questions and their medical records were also reviewed. The baseline results were then compared with those of the follow-up survey. Results When compared with the baseline survey, the follow-up survey revealed significant differences in the use of validated pain rating instruments as well as the prescription of more appropriate analgesics. Prescription of paracetamol increased significantly in the follow-up survey; 56% of the patients were prescribed paracetamol on a regular basis, compared with 42% at baseline. There was also a significant increase in the use of strong opioids, from 38% at baseline to 55% at follow-up. Prescriptions of weak opioids decreased from 16% at baseline to 4% at follow-up. No significant differences were observed in patient pain levels in the follow-up survey. At baseline, 29% of the patients reported moderate to severe pain at rest (NRS 4–10) and at follow-up that figure was 24% (NRS 4–10). In both surveys, 41% reported moderate to severe pain (NRS 5–10) during movement. Thirty-nine percent reported disturbed sleep at night at both baseline and follow-up. Conclusions This study demonstrates that evidence-based guidelines made accessible to all staff as a pocket size booklet and on the intranet, in combination with staff education, pain responsibility nurses who informed other staff on their own wards, improved the prescription of analgesics in the hospitals studied. In order to achieve a noticeable effect for patients, i.e., reduced pain levels, an intervention containing more components than those employed in the present study is required. Implications Nurses and physicians need greater knowledge about the importance of pain rating. A vital part of pain management at hospitals is continuous evaluation of treatment outcomes to prevent severe pain and disturbed sleep. The complexity of pain and pain management requires commitment, time and knowledge on the part of healthcare staff. Multi-professional pain teams that support ward staff in pain management are necessary in order to reduce suffering and unnecessary pain in hospitalized patients. © 2016 Scandinavian Association for the Study of Pain
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| 11. |
- Björck, Viveka, et al.
(författare)
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Commercial albumin solution enhances endotoxin-induced vasoplegia and inflammation
- 2020
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Ingår i: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-5172 .- 1399-6576. ; 64:7, s. 982-991
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli, commonly involved in severe sepsis and septic shock, shed endotoxin that upon detection by the host triggers an inflammatory cascade. Efficiency of albumin solutions to restore hypovolemia during sepsis has been debated. To aid identification of subgroups of sepsis patients that may respond positively or negatively to treatment with albumin we investigated if preparations of albumin for medical use could affect endotoxin-induced inflammatory response.METHODS: Isolated human omental arteries obtained during surgery were incubated with endotoxin in the presence or absence of albumin solution. Isolated human monocytes were incubated with endotoxin in the presence or absence of five different commercially available albumin solutions. Vascular contractile response to noradrenaline and release of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were measured.RESULTS: Incubation with albumin together with endotoxin decreased median maximum contraction and increased release of IL-6 and IL-8 from the arteries compared to incubation with endotoxin alone. All albumin solutions except one significantly increased endotoxin-induced TNF-α release from monocytes. IL-6 and IL-10 were also increased and no concentration dependency of TNF-α release was observed above 2 mg mL-1 . Incubation with albumin alone did not affect contraction or release of cytokines while no potentially endotoxin-enhancing contaminant could be identified.CONCLUSION: We have shown that albumin solution in combination with endotoxin cause vasoplegia in human omental arteries, paralleled by an inflammatory response. This finding could explain the variable efficiency of albumin solutions for sepsis treatment.
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| 12. |
- Björnsson, Viveka, et al.
(författare)
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Tiden som patient vid f.d. seminariet
- 2012
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Ingår i: Rehabiliteringskliniken i Lund 50 år. - 2000-0715. - 9789197926034 ; Supplement 29, s. 51-52
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 13. |
- Brännström, Karl Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Children’s experiences of their learning environment : Psychometric properties of a questionnaire evaluating classroom environment, activities and interactions
- 2022
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Ingår i: Child Language Teaching and Therapy. - : Sage Publications. - 0265-6590 .- 1477-0865. ; 38:1, s. 59-77
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study reports on the development of a questionnaire that evaluates children's experiences of their physical classroom environment, activities and interactions. It also explores the psychometric properties of the questionnaire and how acoustical characteristics of the classroom, class size and student characteristics (age, sex and Swedish as a second language) influence the self-reported outcomes. After development, the questionnaire name should read Activities and Interactions in the Classroom were administered to 101 students (7.9–10.7 years old). Demographic information about the students was collected from parents. The psychometric properties including test–retest reliability are good but can be improved by reducing the number of items. Acoustical characteristics of the classrooms and student characteristics did not predict questionnaire outcomes. As the acoustical conditions in students’ classrooms were close to optimal, communication fostering support should be in focus. The present questionnaire can be used to assess young students’ experiences of their classroom environment and learning situations. © The Author(s) 2021.
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| 14. |
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Demokratisk och effektiv styrning. En antologi om forskning i offentlig förvaltning
- 2007
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den offentliga förvaltningens huvuduppgift är att tillhandahålla tjänster för medborgarna i enlighet med politiskt fattade beslut. I detta arbete står förvaltningen återkommande inför svåra målkonflikter, där många önskemål skall tillfredställas inom ramen för begränsade ekonomiska resurser. Förvaltningens mångfald av organisationsformer speglar därför en ambition från makthavarna att vilja styra den offentliga verksamheten på ett både demokratiskt och effektivt sätt. Hur förvaltningen arbetar för att nå dessa mål är kärnan i den akademiska disciplinen offentlig förvaltning (public administration). Demokratisk och effektiv styrning - En antologi om forskning i offentlig förvaltning samlar en rad bidrag som alla speglar forskningsfronten inom ämnet offentlig förvaltning i Sverige. Läsaren möter intressanta tankar, observationer och teorier kring allt från borgmästare och vargar till marknadsmässiga löner och jämställdhet. I grunden ligger målkonflikten mellan ekonomi och politik, men boken sätter också fokus på ledarskapets betydelse i de offentliga organisationerna och hur styrning går till när omständigheterna är särskilt problematiska. Förvaltningshögskolan vid Göteborgs universitet är den enda av sitt slag i Sverige. Här bedrivs grundutbildning, forskarutbildning och forskning i universitetsdisciplinen offentlig förvaltning. Ingen annan institution i landet har offentlig förvaltning som huvudämne.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Johansson Niemelä, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
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Does Leg Lengthening Pose a Threat to a Child’s Mental Health? : An Interim Report one year after surgery
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics. - 0271-6798 .- 1539-2570. ; 27:6, s. 611-617
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous studies suggest that children react with functional and psychological disturbances after leg lengthening (LL). Long-term effects are not known, and there is a lack of prospective studies. The aim of this interim prospective study was to investigate the psychological impact of the Ilizarov technique on a sample of children 1 year after surgery. Methods: The subjects were 27 patients aged 6 to 16 years treated using the Ilizarov technique at the Pediatric Orthopaedic Department, Uppsala University Hospital, between 1997 and 2005. A control group of healthy children matched for age and sex were also included. Semistructured interviews and psychometric measures (anxiety, depression, self-esteem, behavior) were administered to patients and parents before surgery and 1 year after. Psychological measures were correlated with medical records (days of hospitalization, gained length, etc). The control group was examined at initial assessment only. Results: Before reconstructive surgery, the LL group had a significantly lower self-esteem compared with the control group. Aggressive behavior, attention and externalization problems, anxiety, and depression were significantly reduced after LL. Parents' state anxiety was also reduced. There were no differences in trait anxiety between the parents of patients and the parents of the control children. Conclusions: Patients reported pain, psychological discomfort, complications, and restrained function during LL. However, there were no adverse psychological effects at 1-year follow-up; rather, there were signs of improved mental health. No single psychological parameter could predict the outcome after LL.
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| 17. |
- Johansson Niemelä, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
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Prominent Ears : The Effect of Reconstructive Surgery on Self-Esteem and Social Interaction in Children with a Minor Defect Compared to Children with a Major Orthopedic Defect
- 2008
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Ingår i: Plastic and reconstructive surgery (1963). - 0032-1052 .- 1529-4242. ; 122:5, s. 1390-98
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: In a prospective study of patients with prominent ears, the effect of reconstructive surgery on self-esteem and social interaction was examined 1 year after surgery.Methods: Of 42 patients with prominent ears aged 7 to 15 years, 21 were matched with a comparison group of orthopedic patients (leg lengthening) and a control group of schoolchildren. Psychological measures evaluated self-esteem, depression, anxiety, cognition, parents' ratings of child behavior and symptoms, and parent anxiety. Semistructured interviews with the child and parents were also conducted.Results: The motivation to be operated on was pain, teasing, and feelings of being different. The satisfaction rate with the result of reconstructive surgery was high. The psychological measures of the prominent ears group had results close to those of the control group, although the leg lengthening group had lower self-esteem and higher depression and anxiety scores. With few exceptions, all patients had scores within the normal range on self-rating scales. Parents reported less activity at leisure time in both patient groups than in the control group. After surgery, parents reported improved behavior on the Child Behavior Checklist total problem score.Conclusions: Patients with minor defects had fewer self-reported psychological and behavior problems than the major defect group. Interestingly, prominent ears patients also had low activity levels. Reconstructive surgery had no adverse effect on the prominent ears patients in this interim study but rather resulted in improved well-being. It is important to investigate further the effect of reconstructive surgery on children's self-esteem and social interaction.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Rosqvist, Ida, et al.
(författare)
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Children’s development of semantic verbal fluency during summer vacation versus during formal schooling
- 2020
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Ingår i: Logopedics Phoniatrics Vocology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1401-5439 .- 1651-2022. ; 45:3, s. 134-142
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Children’s results on school-related achievements tests, such as aspects of math, reading and writing, have been shown to decline following a lengthy summer vacation. Few studies have investigated whether this also applies to vocabulary skills. The purpose of this study is to investigate how lexical organization and retrieval, assessed by a semantic verbal fluency (SVF) task, develops during a lengthy summer vacation versus formal schooling. Method: Sixty-eight children with mean age of 7.9 (ranging from 6.5 to 9.1), were assessed pre- and post-summer vacation and post-fall semester using two SVF categories (Animals and Clothes). The number of words produced in both categories gave the total score. Results: The result of the SVF tests decreased following summer vacation. The loss was recouped at the post-fall semester assessment, but no gains compared to initial testing were shown. Neither level of parental education, general language ability, non-verbal IQ, nor bilingualism explained the variance in development during the summer vacation or the fall semester. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that a lengthy summer vacation causes a recess in the expected development of SVF ability and that this recess is recouped after a semester of formal schooling. The findings are in line with previous research indicating that summer vacation may have negative impact on the development of important scholastic abilities in children.
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| 20. |
- Rosqvist, Ida, et al.
(författare)
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Development of semantic verbal fluency and narrative ability during summer vacation versus formal schooling
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The detrimental effect of a lengthy summer vacation on important scholastic abilities such as reading, writing and mathematical skills is relatively well documented, but how language skills are affected by summer vacation is less investigated. The purpose of our study is to investigate how lexical organization and retrieval assessed by a semantic verbal fluency (SVF) task and oral narrative ability develops during summer vacation compared to during formal schooling, and if the development differs between monolingual and bilingual children. The participants (n = 68, MAgeT1 = 7;9) were assessed with a semantic verbal fluency (SVF) task with two categories (Animals and Clothes). A subsample (n = 20, MAgeT1 = 7;11) was evenly divided into two groups, monolingual and bilingual, matched for age and sex. The Swedish narrative production of the participants was assessed with MAIN (Gagarina et al., 2012) and scored with Narrative Scoring Scheme (NSS) (Miller et al., 2003; Heilmann et al., 2010), adapted to MAIN in Swedish. Both the SVF and narrative task showed a similar pattern with a decrease in scores following the summer vacation and a positive development following formal schooling. For SVF the participants had significantly lower scores post-summer vacation than pre-summer. However, the pre-summer scores did not differ significantly from the post-fall semester scores, indicating that the participants needed the fall semester to recoup from the losses made over the summer vacation, but that no additional gains had been made. When comparing the narrative development during summer vacation and formal schooling a negative development during the summer vacation and a positive development during formal semester was observed, although not significant. No statistically significant differences were found when comparing development of SVF and narrative ability of the monolingual and bilingual group during neither summer vacation, nor formal schooling. However, a slightly higher NSS mean change during formal schooling was observed for the bilingual group. The results of this study validate previous findings of a negative effect of summer vacation on language measures. The results show a negative effect of summer vacation and positive effect of formal schooling on semantic verbal fluency and narrative ability (although ns). No statistically significant differences in development during neither summer vacation nor formal schooling is seen between monolingual and bilingual participants.REFERENCESGagarina, N., Klop, D., Kunnari, S., Tantele, K., Välimaa, T., Balciuniene, I., Walters, J. (2012). Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives (MAIN). ZAS Papers in Linguistics, 56, 1-140. Miller, J., Andriacchi, K., DiVall-Rayan, J., Lien, P. (2003). Narrative Scoring Scheme.Heilmann, J., Miller, J. F., Nockerts, A., & Dunaway, C. (2010). Properties of the narrative scoring scheme using narrative retells in young school-age children. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 19(2), 154-166.
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| 21. |
- Rosqvist, Ida, et al.
(författare)
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Word definition skills in elementary school children - The contribution of bilingualism, cognitive factors, and social factors
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1754-9515 .- 1754-9507. ; 24:6, s. 596-606
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Vocabulary relates to overall language proficiency and is important for academic success. Word definition (WD) tasks can be used to assess vocabulary depth and definition skills. We investigate monolingual and bilingual children's performances on a WD task, and how bilingualism, level of parental education, school characteristics (proportion of students with Swedish as second language and proportion of parents with tertiary education), CELF-4 Core Language Score, and non-verbal IQ contribute to their performance. We also evaluate the level of difficulty of the test items and the test's internal consistency.Method: Two hundred and eight children (mean age 7:8, range 6:8-9:0) were assessed with a 10-item WD task. Amount of information included in the definitions gave the WD score and number of words with at least partially correct information gave a Word knowledge score.Result: The bilingual group had lower scores on both measures. In isolation bilingualism explained 15% of the variance of the WD score. With all background factors included, the only significant predictor was CELF-4 Core Language Score, uniquely explaining 24.3% of the variance. Response patterns on the WD score were similar between groups. Internal consistency was > α = 0.7 for both measurements.Conclusion: Bilingual children performed lower than monolingual children on a WD task, but bilingualism alone cannot explain poor results.
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| 22. |
- Sandgren, Olof, et al.
(författare)
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A randomized controlled trial of the effectiveness of teacher continued professional development on student language outcomes
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders. - : Wiley. - 1368-2822 .- 1460-6984. ; 58:3, s. 879-891
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Continued professional development (CPD) is required for updated skills and knowledge. This study evaluates the efficacy of a CPD programme for mainstream school teachers.AIMS: In an 11-week intervention programme, speech-language therapists (SLTs) presented the participating teachers with whole-class teaching techniques aimed at creating a language and communication-supporting classroom environment. The effects of the intervention on the language development of the students in the teachers' classes were assessed.METHODS & PROCEDURES: A total of 211 first- and second-year students (M age = 7;6, range = 6;5-8;9) underwent standardized language assessments of receptive and expressive language abilities before and after their teachers' participation in the CPD. The students were divided into intervention and delayed intervention groups to enable randomized intervention allocation. Linear mixed modelling was used to estimate the individual and interaction effects of group, time and demographic factors. OUTCOMES & RESULTS: Significant effects of time, group and school, respectively, but no interaction between time and group indicates that while all students advanced between assessments, the progress was not attributable to the teachers' participation in the CPD.CONCLUSIONS & IMPLICATIONS: Results are discussed in light of those of recent studies of universal services to support optimal language development.WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: What is already known on this subject Although inconclusive, previous research indicates that intervention delivered to teachers by SLTs has the potential to improve the language abilities of the students in the teachers' classrooms. What this paper adds to existing knowledge This study explored the language development of first- and second-year mainstream school students whose teachers took part in a CPD programme aimed at establishing language and communication-supporting teaching techniques. Results indicate that the development of the students' language abilities could not be attributed to the teachers' participation in the CPD. What are the potential or actual implications of the work? SLTs are often asked to guide teachers and teaching staff rather than themselves conduct individual assessments and interventions. The results of this trial can be used to inform the discussion on how to prioritize between tasks.
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| 23. |
- Widén, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Hälsoklinik på Tandhygienistprogrammet
- 2017
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Ingår i: Högskolepedagogisk debatt. - Kristianstad : Kristianstad University Press. - 2000-9216. ; :2, s. 29-34
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 24. |
- Widén, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Hälsoklinik på Tandhygienistprogrammet
- 2017
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Ingår i: Högskolepedagogisk debatt. - : Kristianstad University Press. - 2000-9216. ; :2, s. 29-34
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 25. |
- Wressle, Ewa, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of occupational therapy interventions for elderly patients in Swedish acute care : A pilot study
- 2006
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 13:4, s. 203-210
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim was to evaluate whether occupational therapy interventions in acute care could improve the elderly patient's perception of ability to manage at home after discharge. A pilot study was performed, including 22 patients in the experimental group and 19 in the control group. Occupational therapy interventions were conducted in the experimental group concerning personal care, information, prescription of assistive devices, planning of discharge, and reporting to primary care or community care. The control group was given no occupational therapy interventions. Structured interviews were performed on discharge and at a follow-up in about 14 weeks after discharge. The two groups were comparable concerning gender, age, days of care, and diagnoses. Patients in the experimental group scored lower on mental health and were more anxious on discharge. However, there was no difference between the groups in managing at home after discharge. Patients in the control group had greater need of further contacts with healthcare after discharge. Due to the small sample interpretations must be made with caution. The findings indicate that occupational therapy interventions in acute care might have a positive effect from the perspective of the elderly patient. These results need to be confirmed in a larger study.
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