| 1. |
- Campbell, PJ, et al.
(author)
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Pan-cancer analysis of whole genomes
- 2020
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In: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 578:7793, s. 82-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cancer is driven by genetic change, and the advent of massively parallel sequencing has enabled systematic documentation of this variation at the whole-genome scale1–3. Here we report the integrative analysis of 2,658 whole-cancer genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types from the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium of the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We describe the generation of the PCAWG resource, facilitated by international data sharing using compute clouds. On average, cancer genomes contained 4–5 driver mutations when combining coding and non-coding genomic elements; however, in around 5% of cases no drivers were identified, suggesting that cancer driver discovery is not yet complete. Chromothripsis, in which many clustered structural variants arise in a single catastrophic event, is frequently an early event in tumour evolution; in acral melanoma, for example, these events precede most somatic point mutations and affect several cancer-associated genes simultaneously. Cancers with abnormal telomere maintenance often originate from tissues with low replicative activity and show several mechanisms of preventing telomere attrition to critical levels. Common and rare germline variants affect patterns of somatic mutation, including point mutations, structural variants and somatic retrotransposition. A collection of papers from the PCAWG Consortium describes non-coding mutations that drive cancer beyond those in the TERT promoter4; identifies new signatures of mutational processes that cause base substitutions, small insertions and deletions and structural variation5,6; analyses timings and patterns of tumour evolution7; describes the diverse transcriptional consequences of somatic mutation on splicing, expression levels, fusion genes and promoter activity8,9; and evaluates a range of more-specialized features of cancer genomes8,10–18.
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| 2. |
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| 5. |
- BERNSTEIN, LA, et al.
(author)
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ONSET OF COLLECTIVITY IN NEUTRON-DEFICIENT PO-196,PO-198
- 1995
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In: Physical Review C. Nuclear Physics. - 0556-2813 .- 1089-490X. ; 52:2, s. 621-627
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We have studied via in-beam gamma-ray spectroscopy Po-196 and Po-198, which are the first neutron-deficient Po isotopes to exhibit a collective low-lying structure. The ratios of yrast state energies and the E2 branching ratios of transitions from non-yrast to yrast states are indicative of a low-lying vibrational structure. The onset of collective motion in these isotopes can be attributed to the opening of the neutron i(13/2) orbital at N approximate to 112 and the resulting large overlap between the two valence protons in the h(9/2) orbital and the valence neutrons in the i(13/2) orbital.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Cederwall, Bo, et al.
(author)
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MEASUREMENT OF ULTRA-FAST GAMMA-RAY TRANSITIONS FROM HEAVY-ION COMPOUND NUCLEUS REACTIONS
- 1995
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In: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 354:2-3, s. 591-594
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A method for correcting target-thickness-induced Doppler broadening in gamma-ray spectra from weakly populated, very short-lived (femtosecond) states is presented. The method is illustrated by an analysis of superdeformed transitions in Dy-152,Dy-153 for which the validity of the procedure could be verified consistently from previous lifetime measurements in Dy-152. Furthermore, estimates of the superdeformed lifetimes, previously not measured in Dy-153, are obtained.
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| 8. |
- Cederwall, Bo, et al.
(author)
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NEW FEATURES OF SUPERDEFORMED BANDS IN HG-194
- 1994
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In: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 72:20, s. 3150-3153
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Two new features of superdeformed (SD) bands in the A almost-equal-to 190 region emerge from a study of Hg-194 with the Gammasphere detector array. A decrease of the dynamic moment of inertia is observed for rotational frequencies HBARomega greater-than-or-equal-to 0.4 MeV, confirming long standing expectations based on mean field calculations with pairing. Evidence for a small staggering in the SD transition energies is also observed, suggesting the presence of terms with fourfold symmetry in the SD Hamiltonian.
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| 9. |
- Cederwall, Bo, et al.
(author)
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NEW OBLATE BAND IN HG-196 WITH QUENCHED M1 STRENGTH
- 1993
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In: Physical Review C. Nuclear Physics. - 0556-2813 .- 1089-490X. ; 47:6, s. R2443-R2446
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- High-spin states in the nucleUs Hg-196 were populated in the reaction (Os(Be,5n))-Os-192 at a beam energy of 65 MeV. A regular rotational-like DELTAI = 1 band has been observed up to an excitation energy of E* almost-equal-to 8.7 MeV and spin I almost-equal-to 30hBAR. This is the second observation of a band of this character in a mercury isotope. The experimental results are compared with mean field calculations and semiclassical estimates based on the Donau-Frauendorf formalism. The mercury bands show significantly lower B(M1)/B(E2) branching ratios as compared with similar bands in light lead nuclei. This difference may be more readily explained by a difference in single-particle structure rather than by large differences in deformation between the lead and mercury configurations.
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| 10. |
- Cederwall, Bo, et al.
(author)
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PROPERTIES OF SUPERDEFORMED BANDS IN DY-153
- 1995
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In: Physics Letters B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 346:3-4, s. 244-250
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Two new superdeformed (SD) bands in Dy-153, in addition to the three previously observed, have been studied with the GAMMASPHERE detector array. Assignments to single-neutron orbits in the SD potential are made based on the band properties. Evidence for a band interaction at very high spins, possibly involving the first N = 7 proton intruder orbital, is observed in the strongest populated SD band. Furthermore, evidence far a Delta I = 2 staggering is also found in this SD band.
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| 11. |
- CLARK, RM, et al.
(author)
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A PAIR OF IDENTICAL SUPERDEFORMED BANDS IN ND-136
- 1995
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In: Physics Letters B. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 343:1-4, s. 59-63
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- High-spin states in Nd-136 were populated via the Mo-100(Ar-40, 4n) reaction at beam energies of 176 and 182 MeV, and resulting gamma-rays were detected using the GAMMASPHERE spectrometer. Analysis of the data has revealed the existence of an excited superdeformed (SD) band in Nd-136. Th, yrast SD band in Nd-136 has been extended by the addition of four (possibly five) transitions at high frequency. The new band displays the remarkable property of having transition energies identical (to within +/- 1 keV) to those of the half-points of the yrast SD band of Nd-136. Possible explanations in terms of cranked Woods-Saxon single-particle calculations are discussed.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- DELEPLANQUE, MA, et al.
(author)
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LOW-SPIN TERMINATION OF THE SUPERDEFORMED BAND IN ND-135
- 1995
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In: Physical Review C. Nuclear Physics. - 0556-2813 .- 1089-490X. ; 52:5, s. R2302-R2305
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The decay of the superdeformed (SD) band in Nd-135 was studied with the early implementation of gamma-sphere. The results suggest that the SD band ''terminates'' at spin 25/2. This termination is explained by a change of the SD minimum toward a triaxial lower deformation. Ultimate cranker calculations with the i(13/2) orbital occupied relate this change to a shift of a proton and neutron pair out of deformation-driving Nilsson orbitals. This is a completely new and unexpected mechanism for the decay of SD bands.
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| 14. |
- FALLON, P, et al.
(author)
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EVIDENCE FOR M1 TRANSITIONS BETWEEN SUPERDEFORMED STATES IN HG-193
- 1993
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In: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 70:18, s. 2690-2693
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Two-way decay has been observed between superdeformed bands in Hg193. it is proposed the decays have M 1 multipolarity and connect signature partner bands. Candidates for the two-way gamma decays connecting superdeformed bands are observed for the first time.
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| 15. |
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| 17. |
- HENRY, EA, et al.
(author)
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COLLECTIVE OBLATE BANDS IN PB NUCLEI
- 1993
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In: Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society. - 0065-7727. ; 206, s. 58-NUCL
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- HUGHES, JR, et al.
(author)
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EXCITATIONS IN DOUBLY-MAGIC SUPERDEFORMED PB-194
- 1994
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In: Physical Review C. Nuclear Physics. - 0556-2813 .- 1089-490X. ; 50:3, s. R1265-R1269
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A new superdeformed band with an intensity similar to 5% relative to the yrast superdeformed band has been observed in Pb-194. Evidence for a second new band corresponding to the signature partner is also presented. These bands were observed with GAMMASPHERE early implementation via the Yb-174(Mg-25, 5n) reaction at a beam energy of 130 MeV. The rotational characteristics of the new bands suggest an interpretation involving particle-hole excitations in the doubly-magic Pb-194 superdeformed core. The results are compared to neighboring nuclei and recent theoretical calculations, and possible configurations are suggested.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- HUGHES, JR, et al.
(author)
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LIFETIME MEASUREMENT IN EXCITED AND YRAST SUPERDEFORMED BANDS IN HG-194
- 1994
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In: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 72:6, s. 824-827
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Nuclear level lifetimes have been measured in two superdeformed bands in Hg-194 using the Doppler-shift attenuation method. Average transition quadrupole moments derived from the life-times of an excited and yrast superdeformed bands are Q(t) = 17.6(30) and 17.2(20) eb, respectively. The Doppler shifts of the excited band relative to the yrast band indicate a slight difference in quadrupole moments [+4(5)%], assuming similar side feeding. These results imply that the second well is stable and rigid with respect to the particle excitation responsible for this excited band.
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| 22. |
- HUGHES, JR, et al.
(author)
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LIFETIME MEASUREMENTS IN THE REGULAR DELTA-I = 1 OBLATE BAND IN PB-197
- 1993
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In: Physical Review C. Nuclear Physics. - 0556-2813 .- 1089-490X. ; 48:5, s. R2135-R2139
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Lifetimes of states in the regular DELTAI = 1 band in 197Pb have been measured with the Doppler-shift attenuation method. Excited states in 197Pb were populated using the Sm-154(48Ca, 5n) reaction at E(b) = 210 MeV. The target consisted of 1 mg/cm2 Sm-154 evaporated onto a 10 mg/cm2 Au backing. Discernible lineshapes for gamma rays in the energy range 300 < E(gamma) < 500 keV in the regular band were observed in a spectroscopic study with the 20 Ge-detector array, HERA. Level lifetimes were obtained from a lineshape analysis. Averaged reduced transition strengths, B(M1) approximately 1.7 W.u. and B(E2) approximately 18 W.u., are deduced and these are compared with theoretical predictions for the suggested configuration of this band.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- JIN, HQ, et al.
(author)
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IDENTIFICATION AND QUADRUPOLE-MOMENT MEASUREMENT OF A SUPERDEFORMED BAND IN ZR-84
- 1995
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In: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 75:8, s. 1471-1474
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- High-spin states in Zr-84 were studied using the early implementation phase of the Gammasphere array and the ''Microball'' charged-particle detector system. A cascade of nine gamma rays with a dynamic moment of inertia which is characteristic of superdeformed rotational bands in the A = 80 region has been identified and assigned to Zr-84. The measured transition quadrupole moment of the band corresponds to a prolate quadrupole deformation of beta(2) = 0.53 and confirms the superdeformed nature of this band. This is the first direct experimental confirmation of the existence of the predicted superdeformed shell gap at N similar or equal to 44 particle number.
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