| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Fenstermacher, M.E., et al.
(författare)
-
DIII-D research advancing the physics basis for optimizing the tokamak approach to fusion energy
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 0029-5515 .- 1741-4326. ; 62:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- DIII-D physics research addresses critical challenges for the operation of ITER and the next generation of fusion energy devices. This is done through a focus on innovations to provide solutions for high performance long pulse operation, coupled with fundamental plasma physics understanding and model validation, to drive scenario development by integrating high performance core and boundary plasmas. Substantial increases in off-axis current drive efficiency from an innovative top launch system for EC power, and in pressure broadening for Alfven eigenmode control from a co-/counter-I p steerable off-axis neutral beam, all improve the prospects for optimization of future long pulse/steady state high performance tokamak operation. Fundamental studies into the modes that drive the evolution of the pedestal pressure profile and electron vs ion heat flux validate predictive models of pedestal recovery after ELMs. Understanding the physics mechanisms of ELM control and density pumpout by 3D magnetic perturbation fields leads to confident predictions for ITER and future devices. Validated modeling of high-Z shattered pellet injection for disruption mitigation, runaway electron dissipation, and techniques for disruption prediction and avoidance including machine learning, give confidence in handling disruptivity for future devices. For the non-nuclear phase of ITER, two actuators are identified to lower the L-H threshold power in hydrogen plasmas. With this physics understanding and suite of capabilities, a high poloidal beta optimized-core scenario with an internal transport barrier that projects nearly to Q = 10 in ITER at ∼8 MA was coupled to a detached divertor, and a near super H-mode optimized-pedestal scenario with co-I p beam injection was coupled to a radiative divertor. The hybrid core scenario was achieved directly, without the need for anomalous current diffusion, using off-axis current drive actuators. Also, a controller to assess proximity to stability limits and regulate β N in the ITER baseline scenario, based on plasma response to probing 3D fields, was demonstrated. Finally, innovative tokamak operation using a negative triangularity shape showed many attractive features for future pilot plant operation.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Okhuijsen-Pfeifer, C, et al.
(författare)
-
Genome-wide association analyses of symptom severity among clozapine-treated patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Translational psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2158-3188. ; 12:1, s. 145-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Clozapine is the most effective antipsychotic for patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia. However, response is highly variable and possible genetic underpinnings of this variability remain unknown. Here, we performed polygenic risk score (PRS) analyses to estimate the amount of variance in symptom severity among clozapine-treated patients explained by PRSs (R2) and examined the association between symptom severity and genotype-predicted CYP1A2, CYP2D6, and CYP2C19 enzyme activity. Genome-wide association (GWA) analyses were performed to explore loci associated with symptom severity. A multicenter cohort of 804 patients (after quality control N = 684) with schizophrenia spectrum disorder treated with clozapine were cross-sectionally assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and/or the Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) scale. GWA and PRS regression analyses were conducted. Genotype-predicted CYP1A2, CYP2D6, and CYP2C19 enzyme activities were calculated. Schizophrenia-PRS was most significantly and positively associated with low symptom severity (p = 1.03 × 10−3; R2 = 1.85). Cross-disorder-PRS was also positively associated with lower CGI-S score (p = 0.01; R2 = 0.81). Compared to the lowest tertile, patients in the highest schizophrenia-PRS tertile had 1.94 times (p = 6.84×10−4) increased probability of low symptom severity. Higher genotype-predicted CYP2C19 enzyme activity was independently associated with lower symptom severity (p = 8.44×10−3). While no locus surpassed the genome-wide significance threshold, rs1923778 within NFIB showed a suggestive association (p = 3.78×10−7) with symptom severity. We show that high schizophrenia-PRS and genotype-predicted CYP2C19 enzyme activity are independently associated with lower symptom severity among individuals treated with clozapine. Our findings open avenues for future pharmacogenomic projects investigating the potential of PRS and genotype-predicted CYP-activity in schizophrenia.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Bak-Coleman, Joseph B., et al.
(författare)
-
Stewardship of global collective behavior
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 118:27
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Collective behavior provides a framework for understanding how the actions and properties of groups emerge from the way individuals generate and share information. In humans, information flows were initially shaped by natural selection yet are increasingly structured by emerging communication technologies. Our larger, more complex social networks now transfer high-fidelity information over vast distances at low cost. The digital age and the rise of social media have accelerated changes to our social systems, with poorly understood functional consequences. This gap in our knowledge represents a principal challenge to scientific progress, democracy, and actions to address global crises. We argue that the study of collective behavior must rise to a crisis discipline just as medicine, conservation, and climate science have, with a focus on providing actionable insight to policymakers and regulators for the stewardship of social systems.
|
|
| 11. |
- Dynowska, E., et al.
(författare)
-
Structural and magnetic properties of GaSb:MnSb granular layers
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Radiation Physics and Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0969-806X. ; 80:10, s. 1051-1057
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The results of structural and magnetic characterization of GaMnSb layers grown on GaSb(0 0 1) and GaAs(1 1 1) substrates are presented. The presence of hexagonal, highly oriented MnSb inclusions embedded in GaSb matrix has been demonstrated. The lattice parameters of these inclusions were the same as those for bulk MnSb for the layers grown on GaSb(1 0 0) substrate while for the layers grown on GaAs(1 1 1) the MnSb inclusions were strained. The influence of a presence of MnSb clusters on the lattice parameter of GaSb matrix has been demonstrated. It was confirmed that in all cases the MnSb clusters exhibit a ferromagnetic: behavior at room temperature. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 12. |
- Ekblom, Örjan B, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
-
Cross-sectional trends in cardiovascular fitness in Swedish 16-year-olds between 1987 and 2007.
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 100:4, s. 565-9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: We sought to investigate the temporal trends in estimated maximal aerobic capacity in adolescents (mean age 16.1).METHODS: Analyses were based on data from three population-based samples, collected in 1987 (n=221), 2001 (n=537) and 2007 (n=265). Subjects underwent sub-maximal ergometer testing. Absolute and relative aerobic capacities were estimated using the Åstrand-Ryhming nomogram.RESULTS: Compared to 1987, values for estimated relative and absolute maximal aerobic capacities were lower in 2001 and 2007, and values in 2007 were lower compared to 2001, in both boys and girls, except for absolute capacity between 1987 and 2001 in girls. The differences over time did not differ between genders. Absolute values changed from 3.0 and 2.5 L/min in 1987 to 2.5 and 2.2 L/min in 2007, for boys and girls, respectively. Relative values changed from 46.5 and 45.9 mL/min/kg in 1987 to 35.0 and 36.6 mL/min/kg, in 2007, for boys and girls, respectively.CONCLUSION: Based on earlier reports on the relationship between aerobic capacity and metabolic risk, the results from the present study provide argument that future public health will be affected negatively.
|
|
| 13. |
|
|
| 14. |
- Hay-Schmidt, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
Prenatal exposure to paracetamol/acetaminophen and precursor aniline impairs masculinisation of male brain and behaviour
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Reproduction. - : Bioscientifica. - 1470-1626 .- 1476-3990. ; 154:2, s. 145-152
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Paracetamol/acetaminophen (N-Acetyl-p-Aminophenol; APAP) is the preferred analgesic for pain relief and fever during pregnancy. It has therefore caused concern that several studies have reported that prenatal exposure to APAP results in developmental alterations in both the reproductive tract and the brain. Genitals and nervous system of male mammals are actively masculinised during foetal development and early postnatal life by the combined actions of prostaglandins and androgens, resulting in the male-typical reproductive behaviour seen in adulthood. Both androgens and prostaglandins are known to be inhibited by APAP. Through intrauterine exposure experiments in C57BL/6 mice, we found that exposure to APAP decreased neuronal number in the sexually dimorphic nucleus (SDN) of the preoptic area (POA) in the anterior hypothalamus of male adult offspring. Likewise, exposure to the environmental pollutant and precursor of APAP, aniline, resulted in a similar reduction. Decrease in neuronal number in the SDNPOA is associated with reductions in male sexual behaviour. Consistent with the changes, male mice exposed in uteri to APAP exhibited changes in urinary marking behaviour as adults and had a less aggressive territorial display towards intruders of the same gender. Additionally, exposed males had reduced intromissions and ejaculations during mating with females in oestrus. Together, these data suggest that prenatal exposure to APAP may impair male sexual behaviour in adulthood by disrupting the sexual neurobehavioral programming. These findings add to the growing body of evidence suggesting the need to limit the widespread exposure and use of APAP by pregnant women.
|
|
| 15. |
|
|
| 16. |
|
|
| 17. |
- Kalaria, Raj, et al.
(författare)
-
The 2022 symposium on dementia and brain aging in low- and middle-income countries: Highlights on research, diagnosis, care, and impact.
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association. - 1552-5279.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two of every three persons living with dementia reside in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The projected increase in global dementia rates is expected to affect LMICs disproportionately. However, the majority of global dementia care costs occur in high-income countries (HICs), with dementia research predominantly focusing on HICs. This imbalance necessitates LMIC-focused research to ensure that characterization of dementia accurately reflects the involvement and specificities of diverse populations. Development of effective preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic approaches for dementia in LMICs requires targeted, personalized, and harmonized efforts. Our article represents timely discussions at the 2022 Symposium on Dementia and Brain Aging in LMICs that identified the foremost opportunities to advance dementia research, differential diagnosis, use of neuropsychometric tools, awareness, and treatment options. We highlight key topics discussed at the meeting and provide future recommendations to foster a more equitable landscape for dementia prevention, diagnosis, care, policy, and management in LMICs. HIGHLIGHTS: Two-thirds of persons with dementia live in LMICs, yet research and costs are skewed toward HICs. LMICs expect dementia prevalence to more than double, accompanied by socioeconomic disparities. The 2022 Symposium on Dementia in LMICs addressed advances in research, diagnosis, prevention, and policy. The Nairobi Declaration urges global action to enhance dementia outcomes in LMICs.
|
|
| 18. |
- Lawniczak-Jablonska, K., et al.
(författare)
-
Structural and magnetic properties of GaAs:(Mn,Ga)As granular layers
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Physica Status Solidi. B: Basic Research. - : Wiley. - 0370-1972. ; 248:7, s. 1609-1614
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Granular GaAs:(Mn,Ga)As films were prepared by annealing the Ga0.92Mn0.08As/GaAs layer grown by the MBE method at low temperature. The annealing was performed at 500 or 600 degrees C. It is commonly accepted that this processing should result in formation of cubic zinc blende or hexagonal MnAs inclusions depending on the temperature. We demonstrate that such a priory assumption is not justified. The kind of formed inclusions depends not only on the annealing temperature but also on the number of defects and Mn atoms in the substitutional and interstitial positions in as grown sample. (C) 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
|
|
| 19. |
- Lawniczak-Jablonska, K., et al.
(författare)
-
Structural and magnetic properties of nanoclusters in GaMnAs granular layers
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Journal of Solid State Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-4596. ; 184:6, s. 1530-1539
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Structural and magnetic properties of GaAs thin films with embedded nanoclusters were investigated as a function of the annealing temperature and Mn content. Surprisingly, the presence of two kinds of nanoclusters with different structure was detected in most of the samples independently of the thermal processing or Mn content. This proved that the presence of a given type of clusters cannot be assumed a priori as is reported in many papers. The fraction of Mn atoms in each kind of cluster was estimated from the extended X-ray absorption fine structure analysis. This analysis ruled out the possibility of the existence of nanoclusters containing a hypothetic MnAs cubic compound-only (Ga,Mn)As cubic and hexagonal MnAs clusters were detected. Moreover the bimodal distribution of Mn magnetic moments was found, which scales with the estimated fraction of Mn atoms in the cubic and hexagonal clusters. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 20. |
- Lawniczak-Jablonska, Krystyna, et al.
(författare)
-
Structural and magnetic properties of the molecular beam epitaxy grown MnSb layers on GaAs substrates
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 106:8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The structural and magnetic properties of MnSb layers grown on two differently oriented GaAs substrates are reported. The MnSb compounds grow nonhomogenously both on GaAs (111) B and on GaAs (100) substrates. In x-ray diffraction studies the formation of two epitaxial domains is observed depending on the crystallographic orientation of the substrate. The observed diffusion of Ga atoms from the substrate to the layers results in the formation of an additional Mn-rich cubic phase of GaMnSb. In the case of the (100) oriented substrate, the diffusion of Mn into the substrate was additionally found. Traces of other phases were also noticed. The complex morphology of the layers is found to influence their magnetic properties. Magnetic force microscopy images revealed an inhomogenous distribution of the magnetic force gradient on the surface and the formation of magnetic domains in the samples. X-ray absorption studies of the chemical bonding and local atomic structure around Mn atoms confirmed high structural and chemical disorder in the samples. The chemical bonding of the dominating fraction of Mn atoms is found, however, similar to that in the reference MnSb powder. The x-ray magnetic circular dichroism measurements reveal an enhanced orbital moment and a reduced spin moment, which is most likely caused by the presence of different phases and a Mn-rich surface in the investigated samples.
|
|
| 21. |
- Munch, Marie W., et al.
(författare)
-
Effect of 12 mg vs 6 mg of Dexamethasone on the Number of Days Alive Without Life Support in Adults With COVID-19 and Severe Hypoxemia The COVID STEROID 2 Randomized Trial
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA). - : AMER MEDICAL ASSOC. - 0098-7484 .- 1538-3598. ; 326:18, s. 1807-1817
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Question What is the effect of 12 mg vs 6 mg of dexamethasone on the number of days alive without life support at 28 days in patients with COVID-19 and severe hypoxemia? Findings In this randomized trial that included 1000 patients with COVID-19 and severe hypoxemia, treatment with 12 mg/d of dexamethasone resulted in 22.0 days alive without life support at 28 days compared with 20.5 days in those receiving 6 mg/d of dexamethasone. This difference was not statistically significant. Meaning Compared with 6 mg of dexamethasone, 12 mg of dexamethasone did not statistically significantly reduce the number of days alive without life support at 28 days. This multicenter randomized clinical trial compares the effects of 12 mg/d vs 6 mg/d of dexamethasone in patients with COVID-19 and severe hypoxemia. IMPORTANCE A daily dose with 6 mg of dexamethasone is recommended for up to 10 days in patients with severe and critical COVID-19, but a higher dose may benefit those with more severe disease. OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of 12 mg/d vs 6 mg/d of dexamethasone in patients with COVID-19 and severe hypoxemia. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A multicenter, randomized clinical trial was conducted between August 2020 and May 2021 at 26 hospitals in Europe and India and included 1000 adults with confirmed COVID-19 requiring at least 10 L/min of oxygen or mechanical ventilation. End of 90-day follow-up was on August 19, 2021. INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized 1:1 to 12 mg/d of intravenous dexamethasone (n = 503) or 6 mg/d of intravenous dexamethasone (n = 497) for up to 10 days. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was the number of days alive without life support (invasive mechanical ventilation, circulatory support, or kidney replacement therapy) at 28 days and was adjusted for stratification variables. Of the 8 prespecified secondary outcomes, 5 are included in this analysis (the number of days alive without life support at 90 days, the number of days alive out of the hospital at 90 days, mortality at 28 days and at 90 days, and >= 1 serious adverse reactions at 28 days). RESULTS Of the 1000 randomized patients, 982 were included (median age, 65 [IQR, 55-73] years; 305 [31%] women) and primary outcome data were available for 971 (491 in the 12 mg of dexamethasone group and 480 in the 6 mg of dexamethasone group). The median number of days alive without life support was 22.0 days (IQR, 6.0-28.0 days) in the 12 mg of dexamethasone group and 20.5 days (IQR, 4.0-28.0 days) in the 6 mg of dexamethasone group (adjusted mean difference, 1.3 days [95% CI, 0-2.6 days]; P = .07). Mortality at 28 days was 27.1% in the 12 mg of dexamethasone group vs 32.3% in the 6 mg of dexamethasone group (adjusted relative risk, 0.86 [99% CI, 0.68-1.08]). Mortality at 90 days was 32.0% in the 12 mg of dexamethasone group vs 37.7% in the 6 mg of dexamethasone group (adjusted relative risk, 0.87 [99% CI, 0.70-1.07]). Serious adverse reactions, including septic shock and invasive fungal infections, occurred in 11.3% in the 12 mg of dexamethasone group vs 13.4% in the 6 mg of dexamethasone group (adjusted relative risk, 0.83 [99% CI, 0.54-1.29]). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among patients with COVID-19 and severe hypoxemia, 12 mg/d of dexamethasone compared with 6 mg/d of dexamethasone did not result in statistically significantly more days alive without life support at 28 days. However, the trial may have been underpowered to identify a significant difference.
|
|
| 22. |
|
|
| 23. |
|
|
| 24. |
- Romanowski, P., et al.
(författare)
-
Defect Structure of High-Temperature-Grown GaMnSb/GaSb
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Acta Physica Polonica A. - 0587-4246. ; 117:2, s. 341-343
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- GaMnSb/GaSb(100) layers with embedded MnSb inclusions have been grown at 720 K using MBE technique. This paper presents the investigation of the defect structure of Ga1-xMnxSb layers with different content of manganese (up to x = 0.07). X-ray diffraction method using conventional and synchrotron radiation was applied. Dimensions and shapes of inclusions were detected by scanning electron microscopy. Depth profiles of elements were measured using secondary ion mass spectroscopy technique.
|
|
| 25. |
|
|
