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- Baverel, Paul G., et al.
(författare)
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Dose-Exposure-Response Relationship of the Investigational Anti-Interleukin-13 Monoclonal Antibody Tralokinumab in Patients With Severe, Uncontrolled Asthma
- 2018
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Ingår i: Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. - : Wiley. - 0009-9236 .- 1532-6535. ; 103:5, s. 826-835
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Interleukin (IL)-13 is involved in the pathogenesis of some types of asthma. Tralokinumab is a human immunoglobulin G(4) monoclonal antibody that specifically binds to IL-13. Two placebo-controlled phase II studies (phase IIa, NCT00873860 and phase IIb, NCT01402986) have been conducted in which tralokinumab was administered subcutaneously. This investigation aimed to characterize tralokinumab's dose-exposure-response (forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)) relationship in patients with asthma and to predict the most appropriate dose for phase III. An integrated population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) modeling analysis was required for phase III dose selection, due to differing phase II patient populations, designs, and regimens. Analysis of combined datasets enabled the identification of tralokinumab's dose-exposure-FEV1 response relationship in patients with asthma. Near-maximal FEV1 increase was predicted at a dose of 300 mg SC once every 2 weeks (Q2W). This dose was chosen for tralokinumab in the phase III clinical development program for treatment of severe, uncontrolled asthma.
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| 2. |
- Baverel, Paul G, et al.
(författare)
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Predictive performance of internal and external validation procedures
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Purpose: To compare estimates of predictive performance between internal (IV) and external data-splitting (EV) validation procedures. Methods: Datasets of different study size (n=6, 12, 24, 48, 96, 192, or 384 individuals) were simulated from a one compartment, first-order absorption, pharmacokinetic model and both parametric (FOCE), and nonparametric (NONP) parameter estimates were obtained in NONMEM. From these, three different validation procedures (IV, EV, and a population validation (PV)) were undertaken by means of numerical predictive checks (NPCs) to provide estimates of predictive performance, the PV procedure serving as a reference to assess performance of IV and EV. The predictive performance of NONP versus FOCE estimates was further assessed. Results: Estimates of predictive performance for predicting the median of the population distribution had in general significantly lower imprecision for IV than EV, with little bias for both procedures. For small study sizes, n=6-12 (FOCE) or n=6-24 (NONP), the tails of the population distribution were significantly more biased with IV than EV, but similar imprecision was obtained. The predictive performance for FOCE was similar or superior to that of NONP. Conclusions: Data-splitting is inferior to IV when evaluating predictive models to retain sufficient precision both in predictions and in estimates of predictive performance.
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| 3. |
- Baverel, Paul G., et al.
(författare)
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Two bootstrapping routines for obtaining imprecision estimates for nonparametric parameter distributions in nonlinear mixed effects models
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1567-567X .- 1573-8744. ; 38:1, s. 63-82
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- When parameter estimates are used in predictions or decisions, it is important to consider the magnitude of imprecision associated with the estimation. Such imprecision estimates are, however, presently lacking for nonparametric algorithms intended for nonlinear mixed effects models. The objective of this study was to develop resampling-based methods for estimating imprecision in nonparametric distribution (NPD) estimates obtained in NONMEM. A one-compartment PK model was used to simulate datasets for which the random effect of clearance conformed to a (i) normal (ii) bimodal and (iii) heavy-tailed underlying distributional shapes. Re-estimation was conducted assuming normality under FOCE, and NPDs were estimated sequential to this step. Imprecision in the NPD was then estimated by means of two different resampling procedures. The first (full) method relies on bootstrap sampling from the raw data and a re-estimation of both the preceding parametric (FOCE) and the nonparametric step. The second (simplified) method relies on bootstrap sampling of individual nonparametric probability distributions. Nonparametric 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were obtained and mean errors (MEs) of the 95% CI width were computed. Standard errors (SEs) of nonparametric population estimates were obtained using the simplified method and evaluated through 100 stochastic simulations followed by estimations (SSEs). Both methods were successfully implemented to provide imprecision estimates for NPDs. The imprecision estimates adequately reflected the reference imprecision in all distributional cases and regardless of the numbers of individuals in the original data. Relative MEs of the 95% CI width of CL marginal density when original data contained 200 individuals were equal to: (i) -22 and -12%, (ii) -22 and -9%, (iii) -13 and -5% for the full and simplified (n = 100), respectively. SEs derived from the simplified method were consistent with the ones obtained from 100 SSEs. In conclusion, two novel bootstrapping methods intended for nonparametric estimation methods are proposed. In addition of providing information about the precision of nonparametric parameter estimates, they can serve as diagnostic tools for the detection of misspecified parameter distributions.
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