| 1. |
- Scheuner, Joel, 1991, et al.
(författare)
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TriggerBench: A Performance Benchmark for Serverless Function Triggers
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings - 2022 IEEE International Conference on Cloud Engineering, IC2E 2022. ; , s. 96-103
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Serverless computing offers a scalable event-based paradigm for deploying managed cloud-native applications. Function triggers are essential building blocks in serverless, as they initiate any function execution. However, function triggering is insufficiently studied and inherently hard to measure given the distributed, ephemeral, and asynchronous nature of event-based function coordination. To address this gap, we present TriggerBench, a cross-provider benchmark for evaluating serverless function triggers based on distributed tracing. We evaluate the trigger latency (i.e., time to transition between two functions) of eight types of triggers in Microsoft Azure and three in AWS. Our results show that all triggers suffer from long tail latency, storage triggers introduce variable multi-second delays, and HTTP triggers are most suitable for interactive applications. Our insights can guide developers in choosing optimal event or messaging triggers for latency-sensitive applications. Researchers can extend TriggerBench to study the latency, scalability, and reliability of further trigger types and cloud providers.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Processing and Characterization of a MOS Type Tetra Lateral Position Sensitive Detector with Indium Tin Oxide Gate Contact
- 2008
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Ingår i: IEEE Sensors Journal. - 1530-437X .- 1558-1748. ; 8:9-10, s. 1704-1709
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A 2-D tetra lateral position sensitive detector (PSD) based on the metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) principle has been manufactured and characterized. The active area of the device is 5 nun x 5 mm and the intention is to use the central 4 nun x 4 nun for low nonlinearity measurements. The gate contact is made of indium tin oxide (ITO) that is a degenerate electrically conducting semiconductor, which, in addition, is also transparent in the visible part of the spectrum. The use of a MOS structure results in a processing with no necessity to use implantation or diffusion in order to make the resistive p-layer as in a conventional p-n junction lateral effect PSD. Position measurements show good linearity in the middle 4 nun x 4 mm area. Within the middle 2.1 mm x 2.1 mm, the nonlinearity is within 1.7% of the active area with a position detection error of maximum 60 mu m. Measured MOS IV characteristics are compared to a level 3 spice model fit and show good agreement. The threshold voltage is determined to be -0.03 V. Responsivity measurements show a high sensitivity in the visible spectral region.
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| 3. |
- Bebbington, Natalie A., et al.
(författare)
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A Nordic survey of CT doses in hybrid PET/CT and SPECT/CT examinations
- 2019
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Ingår i: EJNMMI Physics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2197-7364. ; 6:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Computed tomography (CT) scans are routinely performed in positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) examinations globally, yet few surveys have been conducted to gather national diagnostic reference level (NDRL) data for CT radiation doses in positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT). In this first Nordic-wide study of CT doses in hybrid imaging, Nordic NDRL CT doses are suggested for PET/CT and SPECT/CT examinations specific to the clinical purpose of CT, and the scope for optimisation is evaluated. Data on hybrid imaging CT exposures and clinical purpose of CT were gathered for 5 PET/CT and 8 SPECT/CT examinations via designed booklet. For each included dataset for a given facility and scanner type, the computed tomography dose index by volume (CTDIvol) and dose length product (DLP) was interpolated for a 75-kg person (referred to as CTDIvol,75kg and DLP75kg). Suggested NDRL (75th percentile) and achievable doses (50th percentile) were determined for CTDIvol,75kg and DLP75kg according to clinical purpose of CT. Differences in maximum and minimum doses (derived for a 75-kg patient) between facilities were also calculated for each examination and clinical purpose. Results: Data were processed from 83 scanners from 43 facilities. Data were sufficient to suggest Nordic NDRL CT doses for the following: PET/CT oncology (localisation/characterisation, 15 systems); infection/inflammation (localisation/characterisation, 13 systems); brain (attenuation correction (AC) only, 11 systems); cardiac PET/CT and SPECT/CT (AC only, 30 systems); SPECT/CT lung (localisation/characterisation, 12 systems); bone (localisation/characterisation, 30 systems); and parathyroid (localisation/characterisation, 13 systems). Great variations in dose were seen for all aforementioned examinations. Greatest differences in DLP75kg for each examination, specific to clinical purpose, were as follows: SPECT/CT lung AC only (27.4); PET/CT and SPECT/CT cardiac AC only (19.6); infection/inflammation AC only (18.1); PET/CT brain localisation/characterisation (16.8); SPECT/CT bone localisation/characterisation (10.0); PET/CT oncology AC only (9.0); and SPECT/CT parathyroid localisation/characterisation (7.8). Conclusions: Suggested Nordic NDRL CT doses are presented according to clinical purpose of CT for PET/CT oncology, infection/inflammation, brain, PET/CT and SPECT/CT cardiac, and SPECT/CT lung, bone, and parathyroid. The large variation in doses suggests great scope for optimisation in all 8 examinations.
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| 4. |
- Bertilsson, Carolina, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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Caries prevalence and other dental pathological conditions in Vikings from Varnhem, Sweden.
- 2023
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Ingår i: PloS one. - 1932-6203. ; 18:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a late Swedish Viking Age population dating from around 10th-12th century AD, the prevalence, distribution and location of dental caries were studied. Tooth wear, other dental pathology and anatomical variations were identified and recorded clinically and radiographically. A total of 3293 teeth were analyzed from 171 individuals with complete and partial dentitions, of which 133 were permanent and 38 deciduous/mixed dentition. The dentitions were studied clinically, using a dental probe under a strong light source, and radiographs were taken for 18 of the individuals to verify and complement the clinical caries registration. Almost half the population, 83 of 171 individuals (49%), had at least one carious lesion. All individuals with deciduous or mixed dentitions were caries-free. The number of teeth affected by caries among adults was 424 (13%) and the surface most susceptible to caries was the root surface. The tooth most commonly affected by caries was the first mandibular molar. Other findings included apical infections, which were detected clinically in 4% of the teeth, and one case of filed front teeth. The findings gave a unique understanding of life and death in this early Christian Viking community and indicated that it was common to suffer from dental caries, tooth loss, infections of dental origin and tooth pain. These Vikings also manipulated their teeth through filing, tooth picking and other occupational behaviors.
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| 5. |
- Bjerg, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Shorter time to clinical decision in work-related asthma using a digital tool
- 2020
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Ingår i: ERJ open research. - Lausanne, Switzerland : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 2312-0541. ; 6:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- PEF curves are a useful but cumbersome tool in diagnosing work-related asthma. Using a digital spirometer and smartphone app, time to clinical decision could be shortened by 6-7 weeks. Physician's time spent analysing PEF data is also shortened.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Lindberg, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Chlorine loss and mass loss from Polyvinylchloride and polyvinylidenchloride under the electron beam
- 1985
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Science. - 0022-2461 .- 1573-4803. ; 20:6, s. 2225-2232
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The loss of chlorine during the irradiation of PVC and PVDC in the electron microscope has been measured by the decay of the X-ray chlorine Kα signal. A number of factors affecting the measured beam damage curves have been considered and the experimental errors reduced to ±10%. The results show that the chlorine decay curves can be best described by the sum of two exponentials, corresponding to the two different chlorine decay processes, these being: the dehydrochlorination of the polymer molecules and the dehydrochlorination of the polyene structure formed by the beam damage. The higher initial chlorine content of PVDC compared to PVC will result in a larger amount of chlorine atoms reacting with the polyene structure, which is more stable in the electron beam than the undamaged polymer. The chlorine loss, measured by X-ray analysis, has been compared to the mass loss, measured by energy loss analysis, and also with the volume changes of isolated spherical PVC particles. It has been concluded that the mass loss is almost entirely due to chlorine loss and that the residual structure has a density similar to the undamaged PVC.
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| 9. |
- Lindberg, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of the addition of a multiblock copolymer to an incompatible blend
- 1990
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Ingår i: Plastics and Rubber Processing and Applications. - 0144-6045. ; 14:7, s. 195-202
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The morphology and mechanical properties of the immiscible blend HDPE/PA6 have been studied with respect to the effects of the addition of small amounts of a PA6--PB multiblock copolymer. The copolymer was found to interact with the binary blend. The particle size of the dispersed PA6 phase was reduced. Melt viscosity measurements showed strong phase interaction. TEM studies showed that the copolymer was located in interfacial areas, but not covering the surface of the PA6 phase. Moreover, some copolymer was distributed within the PA6 phase and the HDPE matrix and small amounts also formed a separate phase. Stress, strain and creep properties were not improved by the addition of the block copolymer with the exception of an improved elongation at break. Though the copolymer has not been found to act as a powerful compatibilizer, the results indicate that multiblock copolymers with short blocks have a potential as interesting modifers in immiscible blends.
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| 10. |
- Lindberg, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Electron beam damage of some chlorine containing polymers and PVC blends
- 1989
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Science. - 0022-2461 .- 1573-4803. ; 24:8, s. 2825-2832
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The electron beam damage of PVC, PVDC, chlorinated PE, chlorosulphonated PE (Hypalon) and chloroendic acid polyester has been studied by chlorine loss and mass loss measurements. The mass loss decay curves have been recalculated for true mass loss and correlated with the X-ray measurements of chlorine loss. It is shown that the major mechanism of degradation in these polymers is dehydrochlorination. The rate of dehydrochlorination is dependent on the chemical structure of the polymer, and in particular on the availability of hydrogen for HCl formation. However, in case of chloroendic acid polyester, more complicated volatile chlorinated compounds are also formed. The dehydrochlorination rate and mass loss of miscible PVC blends, namely PVC with organotin stabilizer, PMMA, PCL and SAN have been studied. The rate of chlorine loss from PVC was found to be unchanged for all blends except for PMMA and PCL, where it slightly increased due to the chemical reaction between the molecular fragments of both polymers. The differences between the thermal degradation and electron beam damage are also discussed.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Lopez-Fernandez, Margarita, et al.
(författare)
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Metatranscriptomes Reveal That All Three Domains of Life Are Active but Are Dominated by Bacteria in the Fennoscandian Crystalline Granitic Continental Deep Biosphere
- 2018
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Ingår i: mBio. - : American Society of Microbiology. - 2161-2129 .- 2150-7511. ; 9:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The continental subsurface is suggested to contain a significant part of the earth's total biomass. However, due to the difficulty of sampling, the deep subsurface is still one of the least understood ecosystems. Therefore, microorganisms inhabiting this environment might profoundly influence the global nutrient and energy cycles. In this study, in situ fixed RNA transcripts from two deep continental groundwaters from the Aspo Hard Rock Laboratory (a Baltic Sea-influenced water with a residence time of <20 years, defined as "modern marine," and an "old saline" groundwater with a residence time of thousands of years) were subjected to metatranscriptome sequencing. Although small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene and mRNA transcripts aligned to all three domains of life, supporting activity within these community subsets, the data also suggested that the groundwaters were dominated by bacteria. Many of the SSU rRNA transcripts grouped within newly described candidate phyla or could not be mapped to known branches on the tree of life, suggesting that a large portion of the active biota in the deep biosphere remains unexplored. Despite the extremely oligotrophic conditions, mRNA transcripts revealed a diverse range of metabolic strategies that were carried out by multiple taxa in the modern marine water that is fed by organic carbon from the surface. In contrast, the carbon dioxide- and hydrogen-fed old saline water with a residence time of thousands of years predominantly showed the potential to carry out translation. This suggested these cells were active, but waiting until an energy source episodically becomes available. IMPORTANCE A newly designed sampling apparatus was used to fix RNA under in situ conditions in the deep continental biosphere and benchmarks a strategy for deep biosphere metatranscriptomic sequencing. This apparatus enabled the identification of active community members and the processes they carry out in this extremely oligotrophic environment. This work presents for the first time evidence of eukaryotic, archaeal, and bacterial activity in two deep subsurface crystalline rock groundwaters from the Aspo Hard Rock Laboratory with different depths and geochemical characteristics. The findings highlight differences between organic carbonfed shallow communities and carbon dioxide- and hydrogen-fed old saline waters. In addition, the data reveal a large portion of uncharacterized microorganisms, as well as the important role of candidate phyla in the deep biosphere, but also the disparity in microbial diversity when using standard microbial 165 rRNA gene amplification versus the large unknown portion of the community identified with unbiased metatranscriptomes.
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| 13. |
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