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- Bergendal, B., et al.
(författare)
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Living with facial disfigurement- Strategies for individuals and care management
- 2011
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Ingår i: Special Care in Dentistry. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0275-1879. ; 31:6, s. 216-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Individuals and families affected by craniofacial disorders have expressed dissatisfaction with their experiences in the healthcare system, with day care, and in school situations. To capture their views, focus group encounters were done in a group of young individuals with these disorders and in a group of parents whose children were affected. The aim was to synthesize their attitudes and experiences into improved strategies for parents, teenagers, and professionals in the healthcare system. Their views were compiled into a document that emphasizes the responsibilities of persons with craniofacial disorders and their parents to actively seek information on diagnosis and treatment options and to participate in decisions on therapy. The conclusion was that it is not lack of specific knowledge but rather a lack of implementation of existing recommendations that makes living with facial disfigurement difficult for many individuals and their families. © 2011 Special Care Dentistry Association and Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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- Eriksson, A, et al.
(författare)
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Short-term effects of metformin in type 2 diabetes
- 2007
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Ingår i: Diabetes, obesity and metabolism. - : Wiley. - 1462-8902 .- 1463-1326. ; 9:4, s. 483-489
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Although metformin is widely used in the management of type 2 diabetes, its mechanism(s) of action is not fully known, and there have been remarkably few reports on short-term effects of the drug. Here, we examined the early effects on glucose and lipid metabolism and on certain adipose tissue and inflammatory markers during treatment for 28 days. METHODS: Twenty-one patients were randomized to metformin (n = 16) or placebo (n = 5) and studied at baseline, 1, 2 and 4 weeks with blood sampling and oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT). The active group received 500 mg metformin daily in the first week, 500 mg twice daily during week 2 and 1000 mg twice daily during weeks 3 and 4. RESULTS: After 7 days of treatment, a reduced area under curve (AUC) for glucose at OGTT with no change in AUC for insulin levels was observed compared to baseline. Insulin sensitivity, as derived from the OGTT by Gutt's index, was increased. Reductions in fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol appeared after 14 days, and reductions in triglycerides, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and leptin after 28 days of treatment. There were no changes in body weight, adiponectin or C-reactive protein. Compared with placebo, the changes between day 0 and day 28 differed significantly with regard to AUC for glucose at OGTT and Gutt's index, and showed strong trends for PAI-1 and leptin. CONCLUSIONS: The data demonstrate that in type 2 diabetes, metformin rapidly affects glucose handling without changing the concentrations of insulin. Reductions in PAI-1 and leptin levels indicate that the early effects of metformin involve also the adipose tissue.
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| 8. |
- Eriksson, A., et al.
(författare)
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Short-term effects of metformin in type 2 diabetes
- 2007
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Ingår i: Diabetes, obesity and metabolism. - : Wiley. - 1462-8902 .- 1463-1326. ; 9:3, s. 330-336
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Although metformin is widely used in the management of type 2 diabetes, its mechanism(s) of action is not fully known, and there have been remarkably few reports on short-term effects of the drug. Here, we examined early effects on glucose and lipid metabolism, and on certain adipose tissue and inflammatory markers during treatment for 28 days.Methods: Twenty-one patients were randomized to metformin (n = 16) or placebo (n = 5) and studied at baseline, 1, 2 and 4 weeks with blood sampling and oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT). The active group received 500 mg metformin daily in week 1, 500 mg twice daily in week 2 and 1000 mg twice daily in week 3 and 4.Results: After 7 days of treatment, a reduced area under curve (AUC) for glucose at OGTT with no change in AUC for insulin levels was observed compared with baseline. Insulin sensitivity, as derived from the OGTT by Gutt's index, was increased. Reductions in fasting plasma glucose, total and LDL-cholesterol appeared after 14 days, and reductions in triglycerides, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and leptin after 28 days of treatment. There were no changes in body weight, adiponectin or C-reactive protein. Compared with placebo, the changes between day 0 and day 28 differed significantly with regard to AUC for glucose at OGTT and Gutt's index, and showed strong trends for PAI-1 and leptin.Conclusions: The data demonstrate that in type 2 diabetes metformin rapidly affects glucose handling without changing the concentrations of insulin. Reductions in PAI-1 and leptin levels indicate that the early effects of metformin involve also the adipose tissue.
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- Karstunen, Minna, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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Modelling rate-dependent behaviour of structured clays
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Conference on Installation Effects in Geotechnical Engineering (ICIEGE). Rotterdam, Netherlands. March 24-27, 2013. - : CRC Press. - 9781138000414 ; , s. 43-50
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Due to the desire of reducing the embedded Co2 in construction and the pressure in public fi nances to get more value for money in big infrastructure projects, the demands for the accuracy of deformation predictions increase. Instead of piling, alternative environmentally friendly and cost eff ective solutions, such as preloading via surcharge, vertical drains and column methods, such as deep-mixing, are becoming increasingly attractive. Installation of piles and ground improvement into the ground will modify the state of the soil. This is sometimes benefi cial, and sometimes detrimental, and so far this eff ect has been rarely taken into account. One reason for this is that the numerical techniques and the constitutive soil models have not been able to represent the changes in soil structure and state in a satisfactory manner. The aim of the European GEO-INSTALL project has been to develop numerical techniques that can be used to model installation eff ects in geotechnical engineering. A key part of this has been constitutive model development, and their robust implementation. The aim of this paper is to discuss some recently developed rate-dependent constitutive models for structured clays, which formed the basis for new developments, resulting in a new rate-dependent model able to represent the complex rate-dependent stress-strain behaviour of soft structured clays. The importance of modelling key features of soil behaviour in the context of rate-dependency are discussed in the light of experimental evidence, and demonstrated through a series of numerical benchmark simulations.
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- Sivasithamparam, N., et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of two anisotropic creep models at element level
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proc. International Conference on Installation Effects in Geotechnical Engineering, Rotterdam, NL, 23-27 March 2013. - : CRC Press. - 9781138000414 ; , s. 72-78
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a comparison of two anisotropic creep models, ACM and Creep-SCLAY1,which differ in their formulation of creep strain rate. Creep is formulated in ACM using the concept of contoursof constant volumetric creep strain rate, whereas the newlydeveloped Creep-SCLAY1 model uses the concept of a constant rate of visco-plastic multiplier. The two models are identical in the way the initial anisotropy andthe evolution of anisotropy are simulated. A key assumptionof both models is that there is no purely elasticdomain. The models are compared at element level. The numerical simulations show that the Creep-SCLAY1model is able to give a better representation of natural clay behaviour at element level.
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