| 1. |
- Burkhard, Benjamin, et al.
(författare)
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Mapping and assessing ecosystem services in the EU - Lessons learned from the ESMERALDA approach of integration
- 2018
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Ingår i: One Ecosystem. - : Pensoft Publishers. - 2367-8194. ; 3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The European Union (EU) Horizon 2020 Coordination and Support Action ESMERALDA aimed at developing guidance and a flexible methodology for Mapping and Assessment of Ecosystems and their Services (MAES) to support the EU member states in the implementation of the EU Biodiversity Strategy’s Target 2 Action 5. ESMERALDA’s key tasks included network creation, stakeholder engagement, enhancing ecosystem services mapping and assessment methods across various spatial scales and value domains, work in case studies and support of EU member states in MAES implementation. Thus ESMERALDA aimed at integrating various project outcomes around four major strands: i) Networking, ii) Policy, iii) Research and iv) Application. The objective was to provide guidance for integrated ecosystem service mapping and assessment that can be used for sustainable decision-making in policy, business, society, practice and science at EU, national and regional levels. This article presents the overall ESMERALDA approach of integrating the above-mentioned project components and outcomes and provides an overview of how the enhanced methods were applied and how they can be used to support MAES implementation in the EU member states. Experiences with implementing such a large pan-European Coordination and Support Action in the context of EU policy are discussed and recommendations for future actions are given.
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| 2. |
- Geneletti, Davide, et al.
(författare)
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Ecosystem services mapping and assessment for policy- and decision-making : Lessons learned from a comparative analysis of European case studies
- 2020
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Ingår i: One Ecosystem. - : Pensoft Publishers. - 2367-8194. ; 5, s. e53111-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper analyses and compares a set of case studies on ecosystem services (ES) mapping and assessment with the purpose of formulating lessons learned and recommendations. Fourteen case studies were selected during the EU Horizon 2020 “Coordination and Support Action” ESMERALDA to represent different policy- and decision-making processes throughout the European Union, across a wide range of themes, biomes and scales. The analysis is based on a framework that addresses the key steps of an ES mapping and assessment process, namely policy questions, stakeholder identification and involvement, application of mapping and assessment methods, dissemination and communication and implementation. The analysis revealed that most case studies were policy-orientated or gave explicit suggestions for policy implementation in different contexts, including urban, rural and natural areas. Amongst the findings, the importance of starting stakeholder engagement early in the process was confirmed in order to generate interest and confidence in the project and to increase their willingness to cooperate. Concerning mapping and assessment methods, it was found that the integration of methods and results is essential for providing a comprehensive overview from different perspectives (e.g. social, economic). Finally, lessons learned for effective implementation of ES mapping and assessment results are presented and discussed.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Norrman, Jenny, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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BALANCE 4P: Balancing decisions for urban brownfield redevelopment – case studies. Case study report of the BALANCE 4P project of the SNOWMAN Network coordinated call IV.
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report presents three case studies from the Netherlands, Belgium (Flanders) and Sweden, i.e. Merwevierhavens, Alvat and Fixfabriken respectively. The case studies were carried out to explore the possibilities for inclusion of subsurface and sustainability assessments in early planning phases of the brownfield redevelopment process. Stakeholder analysis and the System Exploration Environment and Subsurface (SEES) method were used (i) to identify relevant stakeholders, including subsurface experts, and (ii) to generate redevelopment alternatives with their help in workshop settings and individual consultations. Further, sustainability assessments of the redevelopment alternatives were performed using a number of instruments covering a wide range of sustainability aspects. In particular, Multi-Criteria Analyses, Cost-Benefit Analyses and methods for assessment of ecosystem services were used in the Alvat and the Fixfabriken case studies. In addition, a Social Impact Analysis was performed for the Swedish case. In all three countries, available subsurface information is not systematically treated in the planning process due to established planning culture and insufficient support in policy, law and regulation. The SEES methodology provided important insights to planners on potential benefits of including subsurface knowledge in the early planning phases. Examples of lessons learned from the cases are that direct communication and stakeholder interaction is more efficient than documents, and that it is important to take time and to prepare subsurface information in an approachable form. Further, qualitative and semi-quantitative sustainability assessments seems more useful than quantitative ones, because of data availability constraints in early phases of the redevelopment process and thus high uncertainties in the assessment results, but also due to communication aspects. The lessons learned from the cases is an important input for recommendations on a more structured holistic approach for knowledge exchange between subsurface and surface sectors, and for inclusion of subsurface and sustainability assessments in the planning process.
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| 5. |
- Norrman, Jenny, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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BALANCE 4P: Balancing decisions for urban brownfield redevelopment. Technical report of the BALANCE 4P project of the SNOWMAN Network coordinated call IV.
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Land take as a result of urbanization is one of the major soil threats in Europe. One of the key measures to prevent further urban sprawl and additional land take, is redevelopment of urban brownfields: underused urban areas with, in many cases, soil and groundwater pollution. The latter issue can be a bottleneck for redevelopment of brownfields instead of green fields. A difficulty for brownfield redevelopments is that in urban projects the responsibilities, tools and knowledge of subsurface engineering and urban planning and design are not integrated; they depend heavily on each other but work in sectors. The urban designer usually deals with opportunities for socio-economic benefits while the subsoil engineer deals with the technical challenges of the site. Balance 4P suggests a holistic approach to brownfield redevelopment that (i) recognizes all phases of the urban redevelopment process which are influenced by the planning conditions set by laws, regulations, policy and institutions; (ii) acknowledges multiple subsurface qualities in the brownfield redevelopment project; (iii) promotes knowledge exchange between the surface and the subsurface sectors, across disciplines within each sector, and over time, about the subsurface qualities of the specific project; (iv) focus on the urban redevelopment project by identifying strategies for redevelopment that can fulfil a good quality of the built environment; (v) assesses the three P’s (People, Planet, Profit/Prosperity) in each urban redevelopment phase; and (vi) puts the Process in focus rather than specific instruments by focusing on identification of WHO should be involved in the knowledge exchange process and HOW it can be mediated. The developed decision support framework is aimed to guide project teams willing to implement a more holistic approach in practice. The framework includes four steps carried out in iterative manner: (1) stakeholder analysis, (2) generation of redevelopment alternatives, (3) sustainability assessment of the alternatives, and (4) synthesis of the assessment results, including uncertainty analysis. The guidance describing the steps in the decision support framework and activities within each step can help to structure the decision process and provide support to project teams. The anticipated advantages of the holistic approach are redevelopment plans that allow for smart, cost-effective and sustainable solutions in the implementation process by making explicit use of subsurface information and knowledge in the planning process, and possibilities for more long-term sustainable planning with regard to the subsurface by increased awareness of the subsurface as a resource and the associated risks and possibilities.
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| 6. |
- Norrman, Jenny, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Integration of the subsurface and the surface sectors for a more holistic approach for sustainable redevelopment of urban brownfields
- 2016
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 563, s. 879-889
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a holistic approach to sustainable urban brownfield redevelopment where specific focus is put on the integration of a multitude of subsurface qualities in the early phases of the urban redevelopment pro- cess, i.e. in the initiative and plan phases. Achieving sustainability in brownfield redevelopment projects may be constrained by a failure of engagement between two key expert constituencies: urban planners/designers and subsurface engineers, leading to missed opportunities and unintended outcomes in the plan realisation phase. A more integrated approach delivers greater benefits. Three case studies in the Netherlands, Belgium and Sweden were used to test different sustainability assessment instruments in terms of the possibility for knowl- edge exchange between the subsurface and the surface sectors and in terms of cooperative learning among experts and stakeholders. Based on the lessons learned from the case studies, a generic decision process frame- work is suggested that supports holistic decision making. The suggested framework focuses on stakeholder involvement, communication, knowledge exchange and learning and provides an inventory of instruments that can support these processes.
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| 7. |
- Varhelyi, Andras, et al.
(författare)
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Driver behavioural effects from ISA
- 2005
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Activities with the aim to assess the effects of ISA on driver behaviour through experimental research were carried out. In order to investigate the regional differences in effects on driver behaviour when driving with ISA field trials were set up in Hungary and Spain. Complementary results were added from the Belgian ISA field trials. To investigate the effects on driver behaviour from different kinds of ISA (informative/limiting), experiments were carried out in a driving simulator. The experiments on the effects of various ISA systems have shown that all systems had an effect on speed. The largest effects were found on the highest speeds. Speed variance also decreased. Besides these, from the safety point of view positive effects on speeds, the simulator experiments showed that no signs of compensatory behaviour or complacency were found for the studied systems. The effect was greater for the AAP than for the BEEP system. The dead throttle is more effective in reducing speed than the high-force pedal and the low-force pedal is least effective. The tactile (vibrating) gas pedal is somewhere between the high-force pedal and the low force pedal. Both the Hungarian and the Spanish participants of the field trials seem to have a positive attitude towards ISA in general. However the attitudes to the two systems tested were more differentiated and got less positive after one month’s usage. Both systems were perceived as useful and neither satisfying nor dissatisfying. Hungarian drivers seem to be more skeptical to the systems than the Spanish drivers. However, there are no clear differences between the countries when looking at the acceptance, where the only relatively clear difference is that the Hungarian drivers like the AAP less than the BEEP system. The participants in the simulator studies had a more negative attitude towards the high-force pedal than they had towards low-force pedal, and a slightly more negative attitude towards the dead throttle than towards the tactile pedal. A trade-off situation between effectiveness and acceptance occurs: the informative system with some positive effect on driving behaviour and high acceptance or a more compelling ISA, with a more positive effect on driving behaviour, but less accepted.
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