| 1. |
- Andersen, Kasper, et al.
(författare)
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Muscle Morphology And Risk Of Cardiovascular Disease
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Hypertension. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0263-6352 .- 1473-5598. ; 28, s. E353-E353
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 2. |
- Andersen, Kasper, et al.
(författare)
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Skeletal muscle morphology and risk of cardiovascular disease in elderly men
- 2015
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Ingår i: European Journal of Preventive Cardiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2047-4873 .- 2047-4881. ; 22:2, s. 231-239
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: While it is well known that physical inactivity is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, there is still a search for the mechanisms by which exercise exerts its positive effect. Skeletal muscle fibre type can be affected to some extent by exercise, and different fibre types possess different anti-inflammatory and glucometabolic properties that may influence cardiovascular disease risk.DESIGN: Population-based cohort study.METHODS: We investigated relations of skeletal muscle morphology to risk of cardiovascular events in a sample of 466 71-year-old men without cardiovascular disease, of which 295 were physically active (strenuous physical activity at least 3 h/week).RESULTS: During a median of 13.1 years of follow up, 173 major cardiovascular events occurred. Among physically active men, 10% higher proportion of type-I (slow-twitch oxidative) fibres was associated with a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.84 (95% confidence interval 0.74-0.95) for cardiovascular events, and 10% higher proportion of type-IIx (fast-twitch glycolytic) fibres was associated with a HR of 1.24 (1.06-1.45), adjusting for age. Similar results were observed in several sets of multivariable-adjusted models. No association of muscle fibre type with risk of cardiovascular events was observed among physically inactive men.CONCLUSIONS: Higher skeletal muscle proportion of type-I fibres was associated with lower risk of cardiovascular events and a higher proportion of type-IIx fibres was associated with higher risk of cardiovascular events. These relations were only observed in physically active men. Skeletal muscle fibre composition may be a mediator of the protective effects of exercise against cardiovascular disease.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Benedict, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Self-reported sleep disturbance is associated with Alzheimer's disease risk in men
- 2015
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Ingår i: Alzheimer's & Dementia. - : Wiley. - 1552-5260 .- 1552-5279. ; 11:9, s. 1090-1097
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To study the association between self-reported sleep disturbances and dementia risk.METHODS: Self-reported sleep disturbances and established risk factors for dementia were measured in men at ages 50 (n = 1574) and 70 (n = 1029) years. Dementia incidence was determined by reviewing their patient history between ages 50 and 90 years. In addition, plasma levels of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides 1-40 and 1-42 were measured at ages 70, 77, and 82 years.RESULTS: Cox regression demonstrated that men with self-reported sleep disturbances had a higher risk of developing dementia (+33%) and Alzheimer's disease (AD, +51%) than men without self-reported sleep disturbances (both P < .05). Binary logistic regression showed the increased risk for both dementia (+114%) and AD (+192%) were highest when sleep disturbance was reported at age 70 years (both P < .001). No group differences were found in Aβ levels.CONCLUSION: Improving sleep quality may help reduce the neurodegenerative risk in older men.
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| 5. |
- Benetou, V., et al.
(författare)
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Mediterranean diet and hip fracture incidence among older adults : the CHANCES project
- 2018
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Ingår i: Osteoporosis International. - : Springer. - 0937-941X .- 1433-2965. ; 29:7, s. 1591-1599
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The association between adherence to Mediterranean diet (MD) and hip fracture incidence is not yet established. In a diverse population of elderly, increased adherence to MD was associated with lower hip fracture incidence. Except preventing major chronic diseases, adhering to MD might have additional benefits in lowering hip fracture risk.INTRODUCTION: Hip fractures constitute a major public health problem among older adults. Latest evidence links adherence to Mediterranean diet (MD) with reduced hip fracture risk, but still more research is needed to elucidate this relationship. The potential association of adherence to MD with hip fracture incidence was explored among older adults.METHODS: A total of 140,775 adults (116,176 women, 24,599 men) 60 years and older, from five cohorts from Europe and the USA, were followed-up for 1,896,219 person-years experiencing 5454 hip fractures. Diet was assessed at baseline by validated, cohort-specific, food-frequency questionnaires, and hip fractures were ascertained through patient registers or telephone interviews/questionnaires. Adherence to MD was evaluated by a scoring system on a 10-point scale modified to be applied also to non-Mediterranean populations. In order to evaluate the association between MD and hip fracture incidence, cohort-specific hazard ratios (HR), adjusted for potential confounders, were estimated using Cox proportional-hazards regression and pooled estimates were subsequently derived implementing random-effects meta-analysis.RESULTS: A two-point increase in the score was associated with a significant 4% decrease in hip fracture risk (pooled adjusted HR 0.96; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.92-0.99, pheterogeneity = 0.446). In categorical analyses, hip fracture risk was lower among men and women with moderate (HR 0.93; 95% CI 0.87-0.99) and high (HR 0.94; 95% CI 0.87-1.01) adherence to the score compared with those with low adherence.CONCLUSIONS: In this large sample of older adults from Europe and the USA, increased adherence to MD was associated with lower hip fracture incidence.
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| 6. |
- Bergström, Monica Frick, et al.
(författare)
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Extent and consequences of misclassified injury diagnoses in a national hospital discharge registry
- 2011
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Ingår i: Injury Prevention. - : BMJ. - 1353-8047 .- 1475-5785. ; 17:2, s. 108-113
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Classification of injuries and estimation of injury severity on the basis of ICD-10 injury coding are powerful epidemiological tools. Little is known about the characteristics and consequences of primary coding errors and their consequences for such applications. Materials and methods From the Swedish national hospital discharge register, 15 899 incident injury cases primarily admitted to the two hospitals in Uppsala County between 2000 and 2004 were identified. Of these, 967 randomly selected patient records were reviewed. Errors in injury diagnosis were corrected, and the consequences of these changes were analysed. Results Out of 1370 injury codes, 10% were corrected, but 95% of the injury codes were correct to the third position. In 21% (95% CI 19% to 24%) of 967 hospital admissions, at least one ICD-10 code for injury was changed or added, but only 13% (127) had some change made to their injury mortality diagnosis matrix classification. Among the cases with coding errors, the mean ICD-based injury severity score changed slightly (difference 0.016; 95% CI 0.007 to 0.032). The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve was 0.892 for predicting hospital mortality and remained essentially unchanged after the correction of codes (95% CI for difference -0.022 to 0.013). Conclusion Errors in ICD-10-coded injuries in hospital discharge data were common, but the consequences for injury categorisation were moderate and the consequences for injury severity estimates were in most cases minor. The error rate for detailed levels of cause-of-injury codes was high and may be detrimental for identifying specific targets for prevention.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Bjelland, Elisabeth Krefting, et al.
(författare)
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The relation of age at menarche with age at natural menopause : a population study of 336 788 women in Norway
- 2018
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Ingår i: Human Reproduction. - : Oxford University Press. - 0268-1161 .- 1460-2350. ; 33:6, s. 1149-1157
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- STUDY QUESTION: Is age at menarche associated with age at menopause or with duration of the reproductive period (interval between menarche and menopause)? SUMMARY ANSWER: The association of age at menarche with age at menopause was weak and non-linear, and the duration of the reproductive period decreased by increasing age at menarche. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: It remains uncertain whether age at menarche is associated with age at menopause. Some studies report that women with early menarche also have early menopause. Other studies report that women with early menarche have late menopause, or they report no association. The duration of the reproductive period may be an indicator of the cumulative endogenous exposure to estrogens and progestogens during life course and is associated with risk of breast cancer and endometrial cancer. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: A retrospective cohort study of 336 788 women, aged 48-71 years, in the BreastScreen Norway during the years 2006-2014 was performed. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS: Information about age at menarche and menopausal status was obtained by self-administered questionnaires. We used time to event approaches to estimate the associations. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: Median age at menopause was 51 years in most menarche groups. Women with menarche at age 16 years or age >= 17 years had menopause 1 year later [median: 52 years, interquartile range (IQR): 49-54 years] than women with menarche at age 13 years (median: 51 years, IQR: 49-54 years, reference) (crude hazard ratio (HR) = 0.95; 95% CI: 0.93-0.97 and 0.95; 95% CI: 0.92-0.99, Pnon-linearity < 0.001). The reproductive period decreased with increasing age at menarche (Pnon-linearity < 0.001), and women with menarche at age <= 9 years had 9 years longer median reproductive period than women with menarche at age >= 17 years (median: 43 versus 34 years). Adjustment for year of birth did not change the HR estimates notably. LARGE SCALE DATA: Not applicable. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION: Information about age at menarche and age at menopause was based on self-reports. Particularly for age at menarche, the long time interval between the event and data collection may have caused imprecise reporting. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS: Our study suggests that age at menarche is a strong indicator for the duration of women's reproductive period. Our findings should encourage studies of the independent role of duration of the reproductive period on the risk of breast cancer and endometrial cancer, since these cancers have been associated with exposure to estrogens and progestogens. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S): The present study was funded by the Norwegian Cancer Society [Grant number 6863294-2015]. The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
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| 9. |
- Blomberg, Hans, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of prehospital trauma life support (PHTLS) training of ambulance caregivers on the outcome of traffic injury victims – a nation-wide study.
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Prehospital trauma life support (PHTLS) is a widely implemented educational program for prehospital trauma care. Evidence for improved patient outcome is, however, limited. The primary aim of this nation-wide study was to investigate the association between regional implementation of PHTLS training and mortality after traffic injuries.Methods: We extracted from the Swedish National Patient Registry and the Cause of Death Registry information on victims of motor vehicle traffic injuries in Sweden from 2001 to 2004 (n=28 041). During this time period, PHTLS training was implemented at a varying pace in different regions. We used a Bayesian approach with Markov chain Monte Carlo to estimate odds ratios (OR) for prehospital and 30-day mortality. We entered region and hospital into hierarchical models and controlled for the calendar year for each injury. We analyzed the time to death and time to return to work using Cox’s proportional hazards frailty models.Results: A total of 1395 individuals died before being admitted to hospital. After multivariable adjustment, the OR for prehospital mortality with PHTLS-trained prehospital staff was 1.11 (95% credibility interval, 0.88 to 1.38). For 30-day mortality (365 deaths), the adjusted OR was 0.80 (95% credibility interval, 0.53 to 1.17). There was no association between PHTLS training and time to death (hazard ratio 0.99; 95% confidence interval, 0.85 to 1.14) or time to return to work (hazard ratio 0.98, 95% confidence interval, 0.92 to 1.05).Conclusion: The implementation of PHTLS training did not appear to reduce mortality or disability after motor vehicle traffic injuries. .
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| 10. |
- Blomberg, Hans, et al.
(författare)
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Prehospital Trauma Life Support Training of Ambulance Caregivers and the Outcomes of Traffic-Injury Victims in Sweden
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of the American College of Surgeons. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 1072-7515 .- 1879-1190. ; 217:6, s. 1010-1019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND:There is limited evidence that the widely implemented Prehospital Trauma Life Support (PHTLS) educational program improves patient outcomes. The primary aim of this national study in Sweden was to investigate the association between regional implementation of PHTLS training and mortality after traffic injuries.STUDY DESIGN:We extracted information from the Swedish National Patient Registry and the Cause of Death Registry on victims of motor-vehicle traffic injuries in Sweden from 2001 to 2004 (N = 28,041). During this time period, PHTLS training was implemented at a varying pace in different regions. To control for other influences on patient outcomes related to regional and hospital-level effects, such as variations in performance of trauma care systems, we used Bayesian hierarchical regression models to estimate odds ratios for prehospital mortality and 30-day mortality after hospital admission. We also controlled for the calendar year for each injury to account for period effects. We analyzed the time to death after hospital admission and time to return to work using Cox's proportional hazards frailty models.RESULTS:After multivariable adjustment, the odds ratio for prehospital mortality with PHTLS-trained prehospital staff was 1.54 (95% credibility interval, 1.07-2.13). For 30-day mortality among those surviving to hospital admission, the odds ratio was 0.85 (95% credibility interval, 0.45-1.48). There was no association between PHTLS training and time to death (hazard ratio = 0.99; 95% CI, 0.85-1.14) or time to return to work (hazard ratio = 0.98; 95% CI, 0.92-1.05).CONCLUSIONS:In this observational study, the implementation of PHTLS training did not appear to be associated with reduced mortality or ability to return to work after motor-vehicle traffic injuries.
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| 11. |
- Burgaz, A., et al.
(författare)
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Confirmed hypertension and plasma 25(OH)D concentrations amongst elderly men
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 269:2, s. 211-218
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives. The results of experimental studies suggest that vitamin D deficiency activates the renin-angiotensin system and predisposes to hypertension. Results of previous epidemiological studies investigating the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] status and hypertension have not been consistent, perhaps because of their sole reliance on office blood pressure (BP) measurements leading to some misclassification of hypertension status. No previous studies have examined the association between 25(OH)D status and confirmed hypertension assessed with both office and 24-h BP measurements. Design. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated 833 Caucasian men, aged 71 +/- 0.6 years, to determine the association between plasma 25(OH)D concentrations, measured with high-pressure liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, and the prevalence of hypertension. We used both supine office and 24-h BP measurements for classifying participants as normotensive or confirmed hypertensive; participants with inconsistent classifications were excluded. Results. In a multivariable adjusted logistic regression model, men with 25(OH)D concentrations < 37.5 nmol L-1 had a 3-fold higher prevalence of confirmed hypertension compared to those with >= 37.5 nmol L-1 25(OH)D (odds ratio = 3.3, 95% CI: 1.0-11.0). Conclusions. Our results show that low plasma 25(OH)D concentration is associated with a higher prevalence of confirmed hypertension.
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| 12. |
- Byberg, Liisa, et al.
(författare)
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Birth Weight is not Associated with Risk of Fracture : Results From Two Swedish Cohort Studies
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. - : Wiley. - 0884-0431 .- 1523-4681. ; 29:10, s. 2152-2160
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Development and growth in utero has been suggested to influence bone health. However, the relationship with risk of fracture in old age is largely unknown. Using Cox proportional hazards regression, we studied the association between birth weight and fractures at ages 50-94 among 10,893 men and women (48% women) from the Uppsala Birth Cohort Study (UBCoS, born 1915-29) and 1,334 men from the Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men (ULSAM, born 1920-24). Measured birth weight was collected from hospital or midwives' records and fractures from the Swedish National Patient Register. We observed 2,796 fractures (717 of these were hip fractures) in UBCoS and 335 fractures (102 hip fractures) in ULSAM. In UBCoS, the hazard ratio (HR) per 1 kg increase in birth weight, adjusted for sex and socioeconomic status at birth, was 1.01 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.94-1.09) for any fracture and 1.06 (95% CI, 0.91-1.23) for hip fracture. Estimates in ULSAM were similar. We did not observe a differential association of birth weight with fractures occurring before age 70 or after age 70 years. Neither birth weight standardized for gestational age nor gestational duration was associated with fracture rate. In linear regression, birth weight was not associated with bone mineral density among 303 82-year-old men in ULSAM but showed positive associations with total body bone mineral content (β per kg increase in birth weight, adjusted for social class and age, 133; 95% CI, 30-227). This association was attenuated after further adjustment for body mass index and height (β, 41; 95% CI, -43 to 126). We conclude that birth weight is associated with bone mineral content but this association does not translate into an association with risk of fracture in men and women aged 50-94 years.
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| 13. |
- Byberg, Liisa, et al.
(författare)
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Cancer death is related to high palmitoleic acid in serum and to polymorphisms in the SCD-1 gene in healthy Swedish men
- 2014
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Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 99:3, s. 551-558
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND:A high proportion of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) or a high ratio of MUFAs to saturated fatty acids in plasma, reflecting a high activity of the lipogenic enzyme stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1), has been shown to be related to cancer death and incidence in some studies.OBJECTIVES:The objective was to study whether the serum cholesteryl ester proportion of palmitoleic acid [16:1n-7 (16:1ω-3)] and the ratio of palmitoleic to palmitic acid (16:1n-7/16:0), as an estimation of the activity of SCD-1, are related to cancer death and to investigate whether polymorphisms in the SCD-1 gene are related to cancer mortality.DESIGN:A community-based cohort of 50-y-old men was followed for a maximum of >40 y. Survival analysis was used to relate fatty acid composition in serum, analyzed at baseline by gas-liquid chromatography (n = 1981), and single nucleotide polymorphisms in the SCD-1 gene (n = 986) to cancer death. A 7-d dietary record was completed at age 70 y (n = 880).RESULTS:The proportions of 16:1n-7 and the ratio of 16:1n-7 to 16:0 were associated with cancer mortality during follow-up in a comparison of the highest with the lowest quartile of 16:1n-7 (adjusted HR: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.82). Inherited variance of the SCD-1 gene seemed to be related to cancer death, especially among men with a low proportion of PUFA in the diet in a comparison of the highest with the lowest weighted genetic risk score (HR: 2.14; 95% CI: 1.13, 4.04).CONCLUSION:The findings are compatible with the hypothesis that there is an association between endogenously synthesized MUFAs and cancer death.
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| 14. |
- Byberg, Liisa, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in physical activity are associated with changes in metabolic cardiovascular risk factors
- 2001
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Ingår i: Diabetologia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0012-186X .- 1432-0428. ; 44:12, s. 2134-2139
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims/hypothesisTo investigate the effect of changes in physical activity on changes in metabolic cardiovascular risk factors and to investigate what factors affect the association between physical activity and cardiovascular mortality.MethodsOf the 1860 men who were 50 years of age and who were without pre-existing cardiovascular disease participating in a population-based study, 898 were re-examined 20 years later. Altogether 231 died from cardiovascular diseases during the follow-up (mean = 22.6 years). The examinations which the men underwent at 50 and 70 years of age included assessment of physical activity (self-reported at four alternative levels), anthropometry, measurements of fasting concentrations of glucose, specific insulin, proinsulin, split proinsulin and lipids.ResultsDuring the 20 years, 31 % increased their amount of physical activity while 51 % continued the same amount of exercise. Increased physical activity was associated with significant changes in several important metabolic variables, including fasting glucose, proinsulin and HDL cholesterol, independent of body weight changes. The risk of cardiovascular disease for men performing moderate, regular and athletic physical activity was 25 % (p = 0.127), 34 % (p = 0.022) and 71 % (p = 0.009) lower, respectively, compared with sedentary men. The association was attenuated by adjustment for baseline measurements of insulin, proinsulin and split proinsulin. Additional adjustment for other cardiovascular risk factors did not further attenuate the association.Conclusion/interpretationIncreased leisure time physical activity between the ages of 50 and 70 years, in the absence of active intervention, is associated with improved glucose, insulin and lipid metabolism in men. The concentrations of insulin, proinsulin and split proinsulin could mediate much of the association between a sedentary lifestyle and increased risk of cardiovascular mortality.
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| 15. |
- Byberg, Liisa, et al.
(författare)
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Fruit and vegetable intake and risk of hip fracture : A cohort study of Swedish men and women
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. - : Wiley. - 0884-0431 .- 1523-4681. ; 30:6, s. 976-984
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dietary guidelines recommend a daily intake of five servings of fruit and vegetables. Whether such intakes are associated with a lower risk of hip fracture is at present unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the dose-response association between habitual fruit and vegetable intake and hip fracture in a cohort study based on 40,644 men from the Cohort of Swedish Men (COSM) and 34,947 women from the Swedish Mammography Cohort (SMC) (total n=75,591), free from cardiovascular disease and cancer, who answered lifestyle questionnaires in 1997 (age 45-83 years). Intake of fruit and vegetables (servings/day) was assessed by food frequency questionnaire and incident hip fractures were retrieved from the Swedish Patient Register (1998-2010). The mean follow-up time was 14.2 years. One third of the participants reported an intake of fruit and vegetables of >5 servings/day, one third >3 to ≤5 servings/day, 28% >1 to ≤3 servings/day, and 6% reported ≤1 serving/day. During 1,037,645 person-years we observed 3,644 hip fractures (2,266, 62%, in women). The doseresponse association was found to be strongly non-linear (P<0.001). Men and women with zero consumption had 88% higher rate of hip fracture compared with those consuming 5 servings/day; adjusted hazard ratio (HR), 1.88 (95% CI, 1.53-2.32). The rate was gradually lower with higher intakes; adjusted HR for 1 vs 5 servings/day, 1.35 (95% CI, 1.21-1.58). However, more than 5 servings/day did not confer additionally lower HRs (adjusted HR for 8 vs. 5 servings/day, 0.96 (95% CI, 0.90-1.03). Similar results were observed when men and women were analyzed separately. We conclude that there is a dose-response association between fruit and vegetable intake and hip fracture such that an intake below the recommended 5 servings/day confers higher rates of hip fracture. Intakes above this recommendation do not seem to further lower the risk.
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| 16. |
- Byberg, Liisa, et al.
(författare)
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Mediterranean Diet and Hip Fracture in Swedish Men and Women.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. - : Wiley. - 0884-0431 .- 1523-4681. ; 31:12, s. 2098-2105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A Mediterranean diet, known to have beneficial effects on cardiovascular health, may also influence the risk of hip fracture although previous studies present discrepant results. We therefore aimed to determine whether the rate of hip fracture was associated with degree of adherence to a Mediterranean diet. We combined two Swedish cohort studies consisting of 37,903 men and 33,403 women (total n = 71,333, mean age 60 years) free of previous cardiovascular disease and cancer who answered a medical and a food-frequency questionnaire in 1997. A modified Mediterranean diet score (mMED; range, 0 to 8 points) was created based on high consumption of fruits and vegetables, legumes and nuts, whole grains, fermented dairy products, fish, and olive/rapeseed oil, moderate intake of alcohol, and low intake of red and processed meat. Incident hip fractures between January 1, 1998, and December 31, 2012, were retrieved from the National Patient Register. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) adjusted for potential confounders were calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression. Differences in age at hip fracture were calculated using multivariable Laplace regression. During follow-up, 3175 hip fractures occurred at a median age of 73.3 years. One unit increase in the mMED was associated with 6% lower hip fracture rate (adjusted HR = 0.94; 95% CI, 0.92 to 0.96) and with a 3-month higher median age at hip fracture (50th percentile difference = 2.8 months; 95% CI, 1.4 to 4.2). Comparing the highest quintile of adherence to the mMED (6 to 8 points) with the lowest (0 to 2 points) conferred an adjusted HR of hip fracture of 0.78 (95% CI, 0.69 to 0.89) and a 12-month higher median age of hip fracture (50th percentile difference = 11.6 months; 95% CI, 4.2 to 19.0). Results were similar in men and women. We conclude that higher adherence to a Mediterranean-like diet is associated with lower risk of future hip fracture.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Byberg, Liisa, et al.
(författare)
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Milk Consumption for the Prevention of Fragility Fractures
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nutrients. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6643. ; 12:9
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Results indicating that a high milk intake is associated with both higher and lower risks of fragility fractures, or that indicate no association, can all be presented in the same meta-analysis, depending on how it is performed. In this narrative review, we discuss the available studies examining milk intake in relation to fragility fractures, highlight potential problems with meta-analyses of such studies, and discuss potential mechanisms and biases underlying the different results. We conclude that studies examining milk and dairy intakes in relation to fragility fracture risk need to study the different milk products separately. Meta-analyses should consider the doses in the individual studies. Additional studies in populations with a large range of intake of fermented milk are warranted.
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| 19. |
- Byberg, Liisa, et al.
(författare)
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Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 and Relations to Fatty Acid Composition in the Diet and in Serum Cholesterol Esters
- 2001
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Ingår i: Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 1079-5642 .- 1524-4636. ; 21:12, s. 2086-2092
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 levels and poor dietary fat quality are potential risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The aim was to investigate the cross-sectional associations between PAI-1 activity and dietary nutrient intake, focusing on fat quality, in a population-based study of 871 men aged 70 years. The relationship between PAI-1 and the fatty acid composition in serum cholesterol esters (n=381 men) was also studied. The estimated total fat intake was positively associated with PAI-1 activity. The intake of both monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids was positively associated with PAI-1 activity, whereas the intake of saturated fatty acids was not. In serum cholesterol esters, higher proportions of palmitoleic and dihomo-γ-linolenic acid, a lower proportion of linoleic acid, and reduced estimated Δ5-desaturase activity were associated with higher PAI-1 levels. These associations were confounded by factors representing the insulin resistance syndrome. PAI-1 activity was positively associated with γ-linolenic and arachidonic acid, independent of potential confounders. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that dietary intake of unsaturated fatty acids is positively associated with PAI-1 activity, whereas intake of saturated fatty acids is not. The associations present between PAI-1 activity and the fatty acid proportions in serum cholesterol esters are partly influenced by metabolic syndrome-related factors.
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| 20. |
- Byberg, Liisa, 1972-
(författare)
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Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 and the Insulin Resistance Syndrome
- 2002
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this thesis, different aspects of the insulin resistance syndrome in relation to plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) activity are investigated in a longitudinal population-based study. Participants were men investigated at ages 50 and 70 with follow-up data on mortality.High PAI-1 activity was associated with low insulin sensitivity, high concentrations of serum triglycerides, high body mass index and high waist/hip ratio, independently of each other and of potential confounders. Low birth weight predicted high blood pressure, insulin resistance, truncal obesity and high PAI-1 activity but not the abdominal obesity or dyslipidaemia present in the insulin resistance syndrome. Increased physical activity level between 50 and 70 years of age, in the absence of active intervention, was associated with improved glucose, insulin, proinsulin and lipoprotein metabolism. Insulin and proinsulin seemed to be important factors that mediate much of the association between a sedentary lifestyle and increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The reported dietary intake of both mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids was positively associated with PAI-1 activity, whereas saturated fatty acid intake displayed no association. The associations present between PAI-1 activity and the fatty acid proportions in serum cholesterol esters were partly influenced by factors related with the insulin resistance syndrome.This thesis provides further knowledge to the epidemiological view of the interrelations of the insulin resistance syndrome, PAI-1, birth weight, and lifestyle factors as physical activity and dietary habits. PAI-1 is a part of the insulin resistance syndrome and is associated both with modifiable and non-modifiable factors related with this syndrome.
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| 21. |
- Byberg, Liisa, et al.
(författare)
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Prediction of fracture risk in men : A cohort study
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. - : Wiley. - 0884-0431 .- 1523-4681. ; 27:4, s. 797-807
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- FRAX is a tool that identifies individuals with high fracture risk who will benefit from pharmacological treatment of osteoporosis. However, a majority of fractures among elderly occur in people without osteoporosis and most occur after a fall. Our aim was to accurately identify men with a high future risk of fracture, independent of cause. In the population-based Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men (ULSAM) and using survival analysis we studied different models' prognostic values (R(2) ) for any fracture and hip fracture within 10 years from age 50 (n = 2322), 60 (n = 1852), 71 (n = 1221), and 82 (n = 526). During the total follow-up period from age 50, 897 fractures occurred in 585 individuals. Of these, 281 were hip fractures occurring in 189 individuals. The rates of any fracture were 5.7/1000 person-years at risk from age 50 and 25.9/1000 person-years at risk from age 82. Corresponding hip fractures rates were 2.9 and 11.7/1000 person-years at risk. The FRAX model included all variables in FRAX except bone mineral density. The full model combining FRAX variables, comorbidity, medications, and behavioral factors explained 25-45% of all fractures and 80-92% of hip fractures, depending on age. The corresponding prognostic values of the FRAX model were 7-17% for all fractures and 41-60% for hip fractures. Net reclassification improvement (NRI) comparing the full model with the FRAX model ranged between 40 and 53% for any fracture and between 40 and 87% for hip fracture. Within the highest quintile of predicted fracture risk with the full model, 1/3 of the men will have a fracture within 10 years after age 71 years and 2/3 after age 82 years. We conclude that the addition of comorbidity, medication and behavioral factors to the clinical components of FRAX can substantially improve the ability to identify men at high risk of fracture, especially hip fracture.
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| 22. |
- Byberg, Liisa, et al.
(författare)
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Reply to WB Grant
- 2017
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Ingår i: The American journal of clinical nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 1938-3207 .- 0002-9165. ; 106:2, s. 700-701
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 23. |
- Byberg, Liisa, et al.
(författare)
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Reply to Y Mao and H Yu.
- 2017
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Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 106:2, s. 698-699
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 24. |
- Byberg, Liisa, et al.
(författare)
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Size at birth is not associated with risk of hip fracture : results from two population-based cohorts
- 2013
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Ingår i: Bone Abstracts. - 2052-1219. ; 1, s. OC1.3-
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Early life growth has been suggested to influence bone health. However, the relationship with risk of hip fracture in old age has not been thoroughly investigated. We therefore studied the association between birth weight and hip fracture incidence after age 50 among 10 893 men and women (48% women) from the Uppsala Birth Cohort Study (UBCoS, born 1915–1929) and 1334 men from the Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men (ULSAM, born 1920–1924). Birth weight was collected from hospital or midwives’ records and hip fractures were obtained from the Swedish Hospital Discharge Register.We observed 717 hip fractures in UBCoS (458 in women, 259 in men, end of follow-up: 31 December 2008) and 102 hip fractures in ULSAM (end of follow-up: 31 December 2009). There were no indications of non-linear associations. Results are presented as hazard ratios (HR) and 95% CI per 1 kg increase in birth weight.The crude HR for 1 kg increase in birth weight on hip fracture rate in UBCoS was 0.99 (95% CI: 0.85–1.14). After controlling for gender and socioeconomic status at birth, the HR was 1.06 (95% CI: 0.91–1.23). Additional adjustment for adult height and comorbidity in a subgroup of UBCoS men (n=1241, 50 hip fractures) gave a HR of 0.97 (95% CI: 0.52–1.80). Parity and gestational age did not largely influence the estimates. Neither birth weight standardized for gestational age nor gestational duration was associated with hip fracture rate.The unadjusted HR in ULSAM was 1.06 (95% CI: 0.73–1.53). After adjustment for adult body mass index, height, social class, comorbidity, and smoking status, the HR was 1.03 (95% CI: 0.70–1.51).Based on the results from two population-based cohorts with accurate assessment of both birth weight and hip fractures, we conclude that there is no association between birth weight and risk of hip fracture.
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| 25. |
- Byberg, Liisa, et al.
(författare)
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Total mortality after changes in leisure time physical activity in 50 year old men : 35 year follow-up of population based cohort
- 2009
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Ingår i: British Journal of Sports Medicine. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 0306-3674 .- 1473-0480. ; 338, s. b688-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To examine how change in level of physical activity after middle age influences mortality and to compare it with the effect of smoking cessation.Design: Population based cohort study with follow-up over 35 years.Setting: Municipality of Uppsala, Sweden.Participants: 2205 men aged 50 in 1970-3 who were reexamined at ages 60, 70, 77, and 82 years.Main Outcome Measure: Total (all cause) mortality.Results: The absolute mortality rate was 27.1, 23.6, and 18.4 per 1000 person years in the groups with low, medium, and high physical activity, respectively. The relative rate reduction attributable to high physical activity was 32% for low and 22% for medium physical activity. Men who increased their physical activity level between the ages of 50 and 60 continued to have a higher mortality rate during the first five years of follow-up (adjusted hazard ratio 2.64, 95% confidence interval 1.32 to 5.27, compared with unchanged high physical activity). After 10 years of follow-up their increased physical activity was associated with reduced mortality to the level of men with unchanged high physical activity (1.10, 0.87 to 1.38). The reduction in mortality associated with increased physical activity (0.51, 0.26 to 0.97, compared with unchanged low physical activity) was similar to that associated with smoking cessation (0.64, 0.53 to 0.78, compared with continued smoking).Conclusions: Increased physical activity in middle age is eventually followed by a reduction in mortality to the same level as seen among men with constantly high physical activity. This reduction is comparable with that associated with smoking cessation
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