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- Sartelli, Massimo, et al.
(författare)
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Ten golden rules for optimal antibiotic use in hospital settings: the WARNING call to action
- 2023
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Ingår i: WORLD JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY SURGERY. - 1749-7922. ; 18:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Antibiotics are recognized widely for their benefits when used appropriately. However, they are often used inappropriately despite the importance of responsible use within good clinical practice. Effective antibiotic treatment is an essential component of universal healthcare, and it is a global responsibility to ensure appropriate use. Currently, pharmaceutical companies have little incentive to develop new antibiotics due to scientific, regulatory, and financial barriers, further emphasizing the importance of appropriate antibiotic use. To address this issue, the Global Alliance for Infections in Surgery established an international multidisciplinary task force of 295 experts from 115 countries with different backgrounds. The task force developed a position statement called WARNING (Worldwide Antimicrobial Resistance National/International Network Group) aimed at raising awareness of antimicrobial resistance and improving antibiotic prescribing practices worldwide. The statement outlined is 10 axioms, or "golden rules," for the appropriate use of antibiotics that all healthcare workers should consistently adhere in clinical practice.
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- Holmgren, Jan, 1944, et al.
(författare)
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Mucosal adjuvants and anti-infection and anti-immunopathology vaccines based on cholera toxin, cholera toxin B subunit and CpG DNA
- 2005
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Ingår i: Immunology Letters. - : Elsevier. - 0165-2478 .- 1879-0542. ; 97:2, s. 181-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mucosal immunisation may be used both to protect the mucosal surfaces against infections and as a means for immunological treatment of peripheral immunopathological disorders through the induction of systemic antigen-specific tolerance ('oral tolerance'). The development of mucosal vaccines, whether for prevention of infectious diseases or for oral tolerance immunotherapy, requires efficient antigen delivery and adjuvant systems that can help to present the appropriate vaccine or immunotherapy antigens to the mucosal immune system. The most potent (but also toxic) mucosal adjuvants are cholera toxin (CT) and the closely related Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LT), and much effort and significant progress have been made recently to generate toxicologically acceptable derivatives of these toxins with retained adjuvant activity. Among these are the non-toxic, recombinantly produced cholera toxin B-subunit (CTB). CTB is a specific protective antigen component of a widely registered oral cholera vaccine as well as a promising vector for either giving rise to mucosal anti-infective immunity or for inducing peripheral anti-inflammatory tolerance to chemically or genetically linked foreign antigens administered mucosally. CT and CTB have also recently been used as combined vectors and adjuvants for markedly promoting ex vivo dendritic cell (DC) vaccination with different antigens and also steering the immune response to the in vivo-reinfused DCs towards either broad Th1 + Th2 + CTL immunity (CT) or Th2 or tolerance (CTB). Another type of mucosal adjuvants is represented by bacterial DNA or synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides containing CpG-motifs, which especially when linked to CTB have been found to effectively stimulate both innate and adaptive mucosal immune responses. The properties and clinical potential of these different classes of adjuvants are being discussed. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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- Oberst, Simon, et al.
(författare)
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Strategies to decrease inequalities in cancer therapeutics, care and prevention
- 2024
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Ingår i: Molecular Oncology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1878-0261 .- 1574-7891. ; 18:2, s. 245-279
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Analyses of inequalities related to prevention and cancer therapeutics/care show disparities between countries with different economic standing, and within countries with high Gross Domestic Product. The development of basic, technological and biological research provides clinical and prevention opportunities that make their implementation into healthcare systems more complex, mainly due to the growth of Personalized/Precision Cancer Medicine (PCM). Initiatives like the US‐Cancer Moonshot and the EU‐Mission on Cancer and Europe´s Beating Cancer Plan are initiated to boost cancer prevention and therapeutics/care innovation and to mitigate present inequalities. The conference organised by the Pontifical Academy of Sciences in collaboration with the European Academy of Cancer Sciences discussed the inequality problem, dependent on the economic status of a country, the increasing demands for infrastructure supportive of innovative research and its implementation in healthcare and prevention programs. Establishing translational research and a coherent cancer research continuum is still a challenge. Research has to cover the entire continuum from basic to outcomes research for clinical and prevention components. Comprehensive Cancer Centres (CCCs) are of critical importance for integrating research innovations to preclinical and early clinical research, as for ensuring state‐of‐the‐art patient care within healthcare systems. International collaborative networks between CCCs are necessary to reach the critical mass of infrastructures and patients for PCM research, and for introducing prevention modalities and new treatments effectively. Outcomes and health economics research are required to assess the cost‐effectiveness of new interventions, currently a missing element in the research portfolio. Data sharing and critical mass are essential for innovative research to develop PCM. Despite advances in cancer research, cancer incidence and prevalence is growing. Making cancer research infrastructures accessible for all patients, considering the increasing inequalities, requires science policy actions incentivising research aimed at prevention and cancer therapeutics/care with an increased focus on patients´ needs and cost‐effective healthcare.
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