| 1. |
- Husain, Sajid, et al.
(författare)
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Spin pumping in the Hensler alloy Co2FeAl/MoS2 heterostructure : Ferromagnetic resonance experiment and theory
- 2018
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. - : AMER PHYSICAL SOC. - 2469-9950 .- 2469-9969. ; 98:18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spin pumping from the full Heusler alloy Co2FeAl film into the transition-metal dichalcogenide MoS2 is reported. Plasma-assisted sulfurization of ion-beam sputtered Mo films of different nominal thicknesses is employed to first fabricate large area high-quality MoS2 sheets [thicknesses: 1, 2, 3, and 4 monolayers (MLs)] on SiO2/Si substrates, followed by deposition of Co2FeAl films with a fixed thickness of 8 nm. The spin pumping is investigated by measuring the changes in the damping constant in the Al(5 nm) capped Co2FeAl/MoS2 bilayers using ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy. The study demonstrates that even 1 ML of MoS2 possesses high enough spin-orbit coupling strength to enhance damping from 5.5(+/- 0.2) x 10(-3) in Al(5 nm)/Co2FeAl(8 nm) to a nearly saturated value of 8.3(+/- 0.2) x 10(-3) in Al(5 nm)/Co2FeAl(8 nm)/MoS2(1 ML), which is suppressed by inserting a thin Al layer at the Co-2 FeAl/MoS2 interface. The observed enhancement in damping is in agreement with the results from first-principles calculations based on density functional theory. These results open up a paradigm for designing spintronic devices based on heterostructures comprising a full Heusler alloy and the inherently stable MoS2.
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| 2. |
- Kastner, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Global agricultural trade and land system sustainability: Implications for ecosystem carbon storage, biodiversity, and human nutrition
- 2021
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Ingår i: One Earth. - : Elsevier BV. - 2590-3322 .- 2590-3330. ; 4:10, s. 1425-1443
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Global land systems are increasingly shaped by international trade of agricultural products. An increasing number of studies have quantified the implications of agricultural trade for single different aspects of land system sustainability. Bringing together studies across different sustainability dimensions, this review inves-tigates how global agricultural trade flows have affected land systems and resulting impacts on food and nutrient availability, natural habitat conversion, biodiversity loss, and ecosystem carbon storage. We show that the effects of trade on land systems are highly heterogeneous across regions and commodities, revealing both synergies and trade-offs between improved nutrition and environmental conservation. For instance, we find that while the concentration of cereal production in North America has spared land, the increased demand for tropical products induced by trade has negatively impacted tropical ecosystems. Based on the current state of knowledge, we identify six pathways for how future research can contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of how agricultural trade can positively contribute to meeting global sustainability goals.
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| 3. |
- Leclere, David, et al.
(författare)
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Bending the curve of terrestrial biodiversity needs an integrated strategy
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 585:7826, s. 551-556
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increased efforts are required to prevent further losses to terrestrial biodiversity and the ecosystem services that it provides(1,2). Ambitious targets have been proposed, such as reversing the declining trends in biodiversity(3); however, just feeding the growing human population will make this a challenge(4). Here we use an ensemble of land-use and biodiversity models to assess whether-and how-humanity can reverse the declines in terrestrial biodiversity caused by habitat conversion, which is a major threat to biodiversity(5). We show that immediate efforts, consistent with the broader sustainability agenda but of unprecedented ambition and coordination, could enable the provision of food for the growing human population while reversing the global terrestrial biodiversity trends caused by habitat conversion. If we decide to increase the extent of land under conservation management, restore degraded land and generalize landscape-level conservation planning, biodiversity trends from habitat conversion could become positive by the mid-twenty-first century on average across models (confidence interval, 2042-2061), but this was not the case for all models. Food prices could increase and, on average across models, almost half (confidence interval, 34-50%) of the future biodiversity losses could not be avoided. However, additionally tackling the drivers of land-use change could avoid conflict with affordable food provision and reduces the environmental effects of the food-provision system. Through further sustainable intensification and trade, reduced food waste and more plant-based human diets, more than two thirds of future biodiversity losses are avoided and the biodiversity trends from habitat conversion are reversed by 2050 for almost all of the models. Although limiting further loss will remain challenging in several biodiversity-rich regions, and other threats-such as climate change-must be addressed to truly reverse the declines in biodiversity, our results show that ambitious conservation efforts and food system transformation are central to an effective post-2020 biodiversity strategy. To promote the recovery of the currently declining global trends in terrestrial biodiversity, increases in both the extent of land under conservation management and the sustainability of the global food system from farm to fork are required.
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| 4. |
- Metson, Genevieve, et al.
(författare)
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Nitrogen and the food system
- 2021
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Ingår i: One Earth. - : ELSEVIER. - 2590-3330 .- 2590-3322. ; 4:1, s. 3-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- To stave off world hunger, humanity manipulated and unbalanced the nitrogen cycle. Todays excess fixed nitrogen is a global pollutant, of which our food system is a primary driver. Yet, food insecurity remains a global concern. In this Voices, food-system experts offer insights into the challenge of the sustainable management of nitrogen.
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| 5. |
- Paudel, Prajwal, et al.
(författare)
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Burden and consequence of birth defects in Nepal-evidence from prospective cohort study.
- 2021
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Ingår i: BMC pediatrics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2431. ; 21:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Every year an estimated 7.9 million babies are born with birth defect. Of these babies, more than 3 million die and 3.2 million have disability. Improving nationwide information on prevalence of birth defect, risk factor and consequence is required for better resource allocation for prevention, management and rehabilitation. In this study, we assess the prevalence of birth defect, associated risk factors and consequences in Nepal.This is a prospective cohort study conducted in 12 hospitals of Nepal for 18 months. All the women who delivered in the hospitals during the study period was enrolled. Independent researchers collected data on the social and demographic information using semi-structured questionnaire at the time of discharge and clinical events and birth outcome information from the clinical case note. Data were analyzed on the prevalence and type of birth defect. Logistic regression was done to assess the risk factor and consequences for birth defect.Among the total 87,242 livebirths, the prevalence of birth defects was found to be 5.8 per 1000 live births. The commonly occurring birth defects were anencephaly (3.95%), cleft lip (2.77%), cleft lip and palate (6.13%), clubfeet (3.95%), eye abnormalities (3.95%) and meningomyelocele (3.36%). The odds of birth defect was higher among mothers with age < 20 years (adjusted Odds ratio (aOR) 1.64; 95% CI, 1.18-2.28) and disadvantaged ethnicity (aOR 1.78; 95% CI, 1.46-2.18). The odds of birth asphyxia was twice fold higher among babies with birth defect (aOR 1.88; 95% CI, 1.41-2.51) in reference with babies without birth defect. The odds of neonatal infection was twice fold higher among babies with birth defect (aOR 1.82; 95% CI, 1.12-2.96) in reference with babies without birth defect. Babies with birth defect had three-fold risk of pre-discharge mortality (aOR 3.00; 95% CI, 1.93-4.69).Maternal age younger than 20 years and advantaged ethnicity were risk factors of birth defects. Babies with birth defect have high risk for birth asphyxia, neonatal infection and pre-discharge mortality at birth. Further evaluation on the care provided to babies who have birth defect is warranted.Swedish Research Council (VR).
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| 6. |
- Paudel, Prajwal, et al.
(författare)
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Meconium aspiration syndrome : incidence, associated risk factors and outcome-evidence from a multicentric study in low-resource settings in Nepal
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health. - : WILEY. - 1034-4810 .- 1440-1754. ; 56:4, s. 630-635
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AimThe aim of this study was to identify the incidence, risk factors and outcome associated with meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS).MethodsAn observational study was conducted in 12 public hospitals in Nepal from 1 July 2017 to 29 August 2018. All babies born within the study period were included in the study. Babies who were diagnosed as MAS were designated as outcome. Data were analysed with bivariate analysis followed by multiple regression analysis.ResultsThe overall incidence of MAS was 2.0 per 1000 livebirths. Babies born at post‐term gestation (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.41; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.05–5.55), nulliparity (AOR = 2.26; 95% CI: 1.20–4.28), instrumental delivery (AOR = 4.79; 95% CI: 2.52–9.10) and caesarean delivery (AOR = 3.67; 95% CI: 2.29–5.89) were significantly associated with MAS. Babies with MAS had a 10‐fold risk for pre‐discharge mortality (odds ratio = 9.87; 95% CI: 5.81–16.76).ConclusionsThe findings in this study are consistent with that reported in other studies. MAS has a high risk of neonatal mortality. Thus, monitoring during pregnancy and labour is necessary for early identification of high‐risk conditions associated with MAS. Strengthening of newborn care services is essential to curtail mortality.
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| 7. |
- Paudel, Prajwal, et al.
(författare)
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Meconium aspiration syndrome: incidence, associated risk factors and outcome-evidence from a multicentric study in low-resource settings in Nepal.
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of paediatrics and child health. - : Wiley. - 1440-1754 .- 1034-4810. ; 56:4, s. 630-635
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to identify the incidence, risk factors and outcome associated with meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS).An observational study was conducted in 12 public hospitals in Nepal from 1 July 2017 to 29 August 2018. All babies born within the study period were included in the study. Babies who were diagnosed as MAS were designated as outcome. Data were analysed with bivariate analysis followed by multiple regression analysis.The overall incidence of MAS was 2.0 per 1000 livebirths. Babies born at post-term gestation (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.41; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.05-5.55), nulliparity (AOR = 2.26; 95% CI: 1.20-4.28), instrumental delivery (AOR = 4.79; 95% CI: 2.52-9.10) and caesarean delivery (AOR = 3.67; 95% CI: 2.29-5.89) were significantly associated with MAS. Babies with MAS had a 10-fold risk for pre-discharge mortality (odds ratio = 9.87; 95% CI: 5.81-16.76).The findings in this study are consistent with that reported in other studies. MAS has a high risk of neonatal mortality. Thus, monitoring during pregnancy and labour is necessary for early identification of high-risk conditions associated with MAS. Strengthening of newborn care services is essential to curtail mortality.
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| 8. |
- Varahabhatla, S. M., et al.
(författare)
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Influence of annealing on enhancing soft magnetic properties in laser powder bed fusion processed Hiperco (Fe-49Co-2V)
- 2024
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Ingår i: Additive Manufacturing Letters. - 2772-3690. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Annealing of laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) processed Fe-49Co-2 V (Hiperco) samples at 865 °C for 4 h leads to a substantial improvement in its soft magnetic properties. While the as built LPBF samples exhibited relatively higher coercivities (Hc) ranging from 25.8 – 26.5 Oe, the annealed LPBF samples showed significantly lower coercivities (Hc) of 6.9 – 10.8 Oe. These lower Hc values can not only be attributed to the 15–20 times larger grain sizes, but also the higher degree of B2 ordering in the annealed condition. The enhanced degree of B2 ordering also increases the saturation magnetization (Ms), from 213 to 228 emu/g, in samples processed with a laser fluence (energy/density) of 3.4 J/mm2. These results reveal the underlying mechanisms leading to an enhancement of soft magnetic properties in LPBF processed Hiperco via annealing-induced microstructural control.
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