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| 9. |
- Abazov, V. M., et al.
(författare)
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The upgraded DO detector
- 2006
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 565:2, s. 463-537
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The DO experiment enjoyed a very successful data-collection run at the Fermilab Tevatron collider between 1992 and 1996. Since then, the detector has been upgraded to take advantage of improvements to the Tevatron and to enhance its physics capabilities. We describe the new elements of the detector, including the silicon microstrip tracker, central fiber tracker, solenoidal magnet, preshower detectors, forward muon detector, and forward proton detector. The uranium/liquid -argon calorimeters and central muon detector, remaining from Run 1, are discussed briefly. We also present the associated electronics, triggering, and data acquisition systems, along with the design and implementation of software specific to DO.
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| 11. |
- Gustafsson, G, et al.
(författare)
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The electric field and wave experiment for the Cluster mission
- 1997
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Ingår i: Space Science Reviews. - 0038-6308 .- 1572-9672. ; 79, s. 137-156
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The electric-field and wave experiment (EFW) on Cluster is designed to measure the electric-field and density fluctuations with sampling rates up to 36 000 samples s(-1). Langmuir probe sweeps can also be made to determine the electron density and temperature. The instrument has several important capabilities. These include (1) measurements of quasi-static electric fields of amplitudes lip to 700 mV m(-1) with high amplitude and time resolution, (2) measurements over short periods of time of up to five simualtaneous waveforms (two electric signals and three magnetic signals from the seach coil magnetometer sensors) of a bandwidth of 4 kHz with high time resolution, (3) measurements of density fluctuations in four points with high time resolution. Among the more interesting scientific objectives of the experiment are studies of nonlinear wave phenomena that result in acceleration of plasma as well as large- and small-scale interferometric measurements. By using four spacecraft for large-scale differential measurements and several Langmuir probes on one spacecraft for small-scale interferometry, it will be possible to study motion and shape of plasma structures on a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. This paper describes the primary scientific objectives of the EFW experiment and the technical capabilities of the instrument.
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| 12. |
- Padra, Médea, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Increased MUC1 plus a larger quantity and complex size for MUC5AC in the peripheral airway lumen of long-term tobacco smokers
- 2020
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Ingår i: Clinical Science. - : Portland Press Ltd.. - 0143-5221 .- 1470-8736. ; 134:10, s. 1107-1125
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is little information on mucins versus potential regulatory factors in the peripheral airway lumen of long-term smokers with (LTS+) and without (LTS-) chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We explored these matters in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples from two study materials, both including LTS+ and LTS- with a very similar historic exposure to tobacco smoke, and healthy non-smokers (HNSs; n=4-20/group). Utilizing slot blot and immunodetection of processed (filtered and centrifuged), as well as unprocessed BAL samples from one of the materials, we compared the quantity and fraction of large complexes of mucins. All LTS displayed an enhanced (median) level of MUC5AC compared with HNS. LTS- displayed a higher level of large MUC5AC complexes than HNS while LTS+ displayed a similar trend. In all LTS, total MUC5AC correlated with blood leukocytes, BAL neutrophil elastase and net gelatinase activity. Large mucin complexes accounted for most MUC5B, without clear group differences. In all LTS, total MUC5B correlated with total MUC5AC and local bacteria. In the same groups, large MUC5B complexes correlated with serum cotinine. MUC1 was increased and correlated with BAL leukocytes in all LTS whereas MUC2 was very low and without clear group differences. Thus, the main part of MUC5AC and MUC5B is present as large complexes in the peripheral airway lumen and historic as well as current exposure to tobacco smoke emerge as potential regulatory factors, regardless of COPD per se. Bacteria, leukocytes and proteinases also constitute potential regulatory factors, of interest for future therapeutic strategies.
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| 15. |
- Stockfelt, Marit, et al.
(författare)
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Increased CD11b and Decreased CD62L in Blood and Airway Neutrophils from Long-Term Smokers with and without COPD
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of innate immunity. - : S. Karger AG. - 1662-8128 .- 1662-811X. ; 12:6, s. 480-489
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is incomplete mechanistic understanding of the mobilization of neutrophils in the systemic and local compartment in smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In this pilot study, we characterized how the adhesion molecules CD11b and CD62L, surface markers indicative of priming, are altered as neutrophils extravasate, and whether surface density of CD11b and CD62L differs between long-term tobacco smokers (LTS) with and without COPD compared with healthy never-smokers (HNS). Unstimulated blood neutrophils from LTS with (<i>n</i> = 5) and without (<i>n</i> = 9) COPD displayed lower surface density of CD62L compared with HNS (<i>n</i> = 8). In addition, surface density of CD11b was higher in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) neutrophils from LTS without COPD compared with those with COPD and HNS. Moreover, in BAL neutrophils from all study groups, CD62L was lower compared with matched blood neutrophils. In addition, BAL neutrophils responded with a further decrease in CD62L to ex vivo TNF stimulation. Thus, neutrophils in the airway lumen display a higher state of priming than systemic neutrophils and bear the potential to be further primed by local cytokines even with no smoking or the presence of COPD, findings that may represent a universal host defense mechanism against local bacteria. Moreover, systemic neutrophils are primed in LTS regardless of COPD. Further studies in larger materials are warranted to determine whether the priming of neutrophils is protective against COPD or merely preceding it.
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| 16. |
- Body, Richard, et al.
(författare)
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The Use of Very Low Concentrations of High-sensitivity Troponin T to Rule Out Acute Myocardial Infarction Using a Single Blood Test
- 2016
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Ingår i: Academic Emergency Medicine. - : Wiley. - 1069-6563 .- 1553-2712. ; 23:9, s. 1005-1013
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Recent single-center and retrospective studies suggest that acute myocardial infarction (AMI) could be immediately excluded without serial sampling in patients with initial high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) levels below the limit of detection (LoD) of the assay and no electrocardiogram (ECG) ischemia. Objective: We aimed to determine the external validity of those findings in a multicenter study at 12 sites in nine countries. Methods: TRAPID-AMI was a prospective diagnostic cohort study including patients with suspected cardiac chest pain within 6 hours of peak symptoms. Blood drawn on arrival was centrally tested for hs-cTnT (Roche; 99th percentile = 14 ng/L, LoD = 5 ng/L). All patients underwent serial troponin sampling over 4-14 hours. The primary outcome, prevalent AMI, was adjudicated based on sensitive troponin I (Siemens Ultra) levels. Major adverse cardiac events (MACE) including AMI, death, or rehospitalization for acute coronary syndrome with coronary revascularization were determined after 30 days. Results: We included 1,282 patients, of whom 213 (16.6%) had AMI and 231 (18.0%) developed MACE. Of 560 (43.7%) patients with initial hs-cTnT levels below the LoD, four (0.7%) had AMI. In total, 471 (36.7%) patients had both initial hs-cTnT levels below the LoD and no ECG ischemia. These patients had a 0.4% (n = 2) probability of AMI, giving 99.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 96.7% to 99.9%) sensitivity and 99.6% (95% CI = 98.5% to 100.0%) negative predictive value. The incidence of MACE in this group was 1.3% (95% CI = 0.5% to 2.8%). Conclusions: In the absence of ECG ischemia, the detection of very low concentrations of hs-cTnT at admission seems to allow rapid, safe exclusion of AMI in one-third of patients without serial sampling. This could be used alongside careful clinical assessment to help reduce unnecessary hospital admissions.
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| 17. |
- Christenson, H. K., et al.
(författare)
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Direct measurements of the force between hydrophobic surfaces in water
- 2001
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Ingår i: Advances in Colloid and Interface Science. - 0001-8686 .- 1873-3727. ; 91:3, s. 391-436
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Direct measurements of the force between hydrophobic surfaces across aqueous solutions are reviewed. The results are presented according to the method of preparation of the hydrophobic surfaces. No single model appears to fit all published results, and an attempt is made to classify the measured interactions in three different categories. The large variation of the measured interaction, often within each class, depending on the type of hydrophobic surface is emphasized. (I) Stable hydrophobic surfaces show only a comparatively short-range interaction, although little quantitative data on this attraction have been published. (II) Many results showing very long-range attractive forces are most likely due to the presence of sub-microscopic bubbles on the hydrophobic surfaces. Such an interaction is typically measured between silica surfaces made hydrophobic by silylation. Between self-assembled thiol layers on gold surfaces very short-range attractive forces are possibly due to the presence or nucleation of bubbles. The reason for the apparent stability of these bubbles is not clear and warrants further investigation. (III) Results obtained with LB films of surfactants or lipids on mica appear to give rise to a different type of force that fits neither of these two categories. This force is an exponentially decaying attraction, often of considerable range. The force turns more attractive at smaller separations, and may at short range be similar to the interaction measured between stable hydrophobic surfaces. An apparently similar, exponential attraction is also found between mica surfaces bearing surfactants adsorbed from cyclohexane, between silylated, plasma-treated mica surfaces and between both mica and silica surfaces with surfactants adsorbed in situ. This type of force also occurs between some surfaces of relatively low hydrophobicity as well as between one such hydrophobic surface and a hydrophilic surface. No convincing model can explain this third type of interaction for all systems in which it has been observed. This review of work to date points to the importance of the morphology and structure of the hydrophobic surface, and how it may change during the interaction of two surfaces.
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- Gustafsson, G, et al.
(författare)
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The electric field and wave experiment for the Cluster mission
- 1997
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Ingår i: SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS. - : KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL. - 0038-6308. ; 79:1-2, s. 137-156
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The electric-field and wave experiment (EFW) on Cluster is designed to measure the electric-field and density fluctuations with sampling rates up to 36 000 samples s(-1). Langmuir probe sweeps can also be made to determine the electron density and tempera
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| 20. |
- Lee, Byung-Boong, et al.
(författare)
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Venous hemodynamic changes in lower limb venous disease : the UIP consensus according to scientific evidence
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Angiology. - : Springer. - 0392-9590 .- 1827-1839. ; 35:3, s. 236-352
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There are excellent guidelines for clinicians to manage venous diseases but few reviews to assess their hemodynamic background. Hemodynamic concepts that evolved in the past have largely remained unchallenged in recent decades, perhaps due to their often complicated nature and in part due to emergence of new diagnostic techniques. Duplex ultrasound scanning and other imaging techniques which evolved in the latter part of the 20th century have dominated investigation. They have greatly improved our understanding of the anatomical patterns of venous reflux and obstruction. However, they do not provide the physiological basis for understanding the hemodynamics of flow, pressure, compliance and resistance. Hemodynamic investigations appear to provide a better correlation with post-treatment clinical outcome and quality of life than ultrasound findings. There is a far better prospect for understanding the complete picture of the patient's disability and response to management by combining ultrasound with hemodynamic studies. Accordingly, at the instigation of Dr Angelo Scuderi, the Union Internationale de Phlebologie (UIP) executive board commissioned a large number of experts to assess all aspects of management for venous disease by evidence-based principles. These included experts from various member societies including the European Venous Forum (EVF), American Venous Forum (AVF), American College of Phlebology (ACP) and Cardiovascular Disease Educational and Research Trust (CDERT). Their aim was to confirm or dispel long-held hemodynamic principles and to provide a comprehensive review of venous hemodynamic concepts underlying the pathophysiology of lower limb venous disorders, their usefulness for investigating patients and the relevant hemodynamic changes associated with various forms of treatment. Chapter 1 is devoted to basic hemodynamic concepts and normal venous physiology. Chapter 2 presents the mechanism and magnitude of hemodynamic changes in acute deep vein thrombosis indicating their pathophysiological and clinical significance. Chapter 3 describes the hemodynamic changes that occur in different classes of chronic venous disease and their relation to the anatomic extent of disease in the macrocirculation and microcirculation. The next four chapters (Chapters 4-7) describe the hemodynamic changes resulting from treatment by compression using different materials, intermittent compression devices, pharmacological agents and finally surgical or endovenous ablation. Chapter 8 discusses the unique hemodynamic features associated with alternative treatment techniques used by the CHIVA and ASVAL. Chapter 9 describes the hemodynamic effects following treatment to relieve pelvic reflux and obstruction. Finally, Chapter 10 demonstrates that contrary to general belief there is a moderate to good correlation between certain hemodynamic measurements and clinical severity of chronic venous disease. The authors believe that this document will be a timely asset to both clinicians and researchers alike. It is directed towards surgeons and physicians who are anxious to incorporate the conclusions of research into their daily practice. It is also directed to postgraduate trainees, vascular technologists and bioengineers, particularly to help them understand the hemodynamic background to pathophysiology, investigations and treatment of patients with venous disorders. Hopefully it will be a platform for those who would like to embark on new research in the field of venous disease.
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- Mueller-Hennessen, Matthias, et al.
(författare)
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Combined testing of copeptin and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T at presentation in comparison to other algorithms for rapid rule-out of acute myocardial infarction
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5273 .- 1874-1754. ; 276, s. 261-267
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: We aimed to directly compare the diagnostic and prognostic performance of a dual maker strategy (DMS) with combined testing of copeptin and high-sensitivity (hs) cardiac troponin T (cTnT) at time of presentation with other algorithms for rapid rule-out of acute myocardial infarction (AMI).METHODS: 922 patients presenting to the emergency department with suspected AMI and available baseline copeptin measurements qualified for the present TRAPID-AMI substudy. Diagnostic measures using the DMS (copeptin <10, <14 or < 20 pmol/L and hs-cTnT≤14 ng/L), the 1 h-algorithm (hs-cTnT<12 ng/L and change <3 ng/L at 1 h), as well as the hs-cTnT limit-of-blank (LoB, <3 ng/L) and -detection (LoD, <5 ng/L) were compared. Outcomes were assessed as combined end-points of death and myocardial re-infarction.RESULTS: True-negative rule-out using the DMS could be achieved in 50.9%-62.3% of all patients compared to 35.0%, 45.3% and 64.5% using LoB, LoD or the 1 h-algorithm, respectively. The DMS showed NPVs of 98.1%-98.3% compared to 99.2% for the 1 h-algorithm, 99.4% for the LoB and 99.3% for the LoD. Sensitivities were 93.5%-94.8%, as well as 96.8%, 98.7% and 98.1%, respectively. Addition of clinical low-risk criteria such as a HEART-score ≤ 3 to the DMS resulted in NPVs and sensitivities of 100% with a true-negative rule-out to 33.8%-41.6%. Rates of the combined end-point of death/MI within 30 days ranged between 0.2% and 0.3% for all fast-rule-out protocols.CONCLUSION: Depending on the applied copeptin cut-off and addition of clinical low-risk criteria, the DMS might be an alternative to the hs-cTn-only-based algorithms for rapid AMI rule-out with comparable diagnostic measures and outcomes.
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| 23. |
- Mueller-Hennessen, Matthias, et al.
(författare)
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Diagnostic and prognostic implications using age- and gender-specific cut-offs for high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T - Sub-analysis from the TRAPID-AMI study
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5273 .- 1874-1754. ; 209, s. 26-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To evaluate the impact of age-and gender-specific cut-offs for high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) compared to the general 99th percentile hs-cTnT cut-off on diagnosis and prognosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Methods: 1282 unselected patients presenting to the emergency department with suspected AMI were enrolled as part of the TRAPID-AMI study. In the present sub-analysis, reclassification of AMI diagnosis was performed by comparing the general hs-cTnT cut-off of 14 ng/L to previously proposed age-and gender-dependent hs-cTnT 99th percentile cut-offs (28 ng/L for >= 65 years, 9 ng/L for female and 15.5 ng/L for male patients). Patients were further clinically adjudicated into acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and non-ACS.Results: For patients >= 65 years, application of age-specified cut-offs resulted in a decrease of AMI from 29.8% to 18.3% in the entire cohort (n = 557) and 54.7% to 40.9% in the ACS subcohort (n = 225). Using gender-specific cut-offs, AMI-rate increased from 16.6% to 22.6% (entire cohort, n = 477) and 62.6% to 71.7% (ACS subcohort, n = 99) in women, whereas in men, rates decreased from 23.1% to 21.1% (entire cohort, n = 805) and 48.8% to 45.9% (ACS, n = 281), respectively. Age-specified cut-offs significantly reclassified patients for outcomes of 1-month and 3-month mortality in the entire and ACS cohort (14.2% net reclassification improvement, p < 0.001, respectively). Contrary, no significant differences in outcomes could be found using gender-specific cut-offs.Conclusions: While influence of gender-specific hs-cTnT cut-offs on diagnostic and prognostic reclassification was only modest in patients with suspected AMI, age-specific cut-offs showed a significant impact and may be considered for further validation.
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| 24. |
- Nilsson, Anders K., 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Lipid profiling of suction blister fluid: comparison of lipids in interstitial fluid and plasma
- 2019
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Ingår i: Lipids in Health and Disease. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-511X. ; 18:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Recent technical advances in the extraction of dermal interstitial fluid (ISF) have stimulated interest in using this rather unexploited biofluid as an alternative to blood for detection and prediction of disease. However, knowledge about the presence of useful biomarkers for health monitoring in ISF is still limited. In this study, we characterized the lipidome of human suction blister fluid (SBF) as a surrogate for pure ISF and compared it to that of plasma. Methods Plasma and SBF samples were obtained from 18 healthy human volunteers after an overnight fast. Total lipids were extracted and analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. One hundred ninety-three lipid species covering 10 complex lipid classes were detected and quantified in both plasma and SBF using multiple reaction monitoring. A fraction of the lipid extract was subjected to alkaline transesterification and fatty acid methyl esters were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results The total concentration of lipids in SBF was 17% of the plasma lipid concentration. The molar fraction of lipid species within lipid classes, as well as total fatty acids, showed a generally high correlation between plasma and SBF. However, SBF had larger fractions of lysophospholipids and diglycerides relative to plasma, and consequently less diacylphospholipids and triglycerides. Principal component analysis revealed that the interindividual variation in SBF lipid profiles was considerably larger than the within-subject variation between plasma and SBF. Conclusions Plasma and SBF lipid profiles show high correlation and SBF could be used interchangeably with blood for the analysis of major lipids used in health monitoring.
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| 25. |
- Nishiyama, C, et al.
(författare)
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Apples to apples or apples to oranges? International variation in reporting of process and outcome of care for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
- 2014
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Ingår i: Resuscitation. - : Elsevier Ireland Ltd.. - 0300-9572 .- 1873-1570. ; 85:11, s. 1599-1609
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) varies between communities, due in part to variation in the methods of measurement. The Utstein template was disseminated to standardize comparisons of risk factors, quality of care, and outcomes in patients with OHCA. We sought to assess whether OHCA registries are able to collate common data using the Utstein template. A subsequent study will assess whether the Utstein factors explain differences in survival between emergency medical services (EMS) systems. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: This retrospective analysis of prospective cohorts included adults treated for OHCA, regardless of the etiology of arrest. Data describing the baseline characteristics of patients, and the process and outcome of their care were grouped by EMS system, de-identified, and then collated. Included were core Utstein variables and timed event data from each participating registry. This study was classified as exempt from human subjects' research by a research ethics committee. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Thirteen registries with 265 first-responding EMS agencies in 13 countries contributed data describing 125,840 cases of OHCA. Variation in inclusion criteria, definition, coding, and process of care variables were observed. Contributing registries collected 61.9% of recommended core variables and 42.9% of timed event variables. Among core variables, the proportion of missingness was mean 1.9±2.2%. The proportion of unknown was mean 4.8±6.4%. Among time variables, missingness was mean 9.0±6.3%. CONCLUSIONS: International differences in measurement of care after OHCA persist. Greater consistency would facilitate improved resuscitation care and comparison within and between communities.
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