| 1. |
- Reinke, Beth A, et al.
(författare)
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Diverse aging rates in ectothermic tetrapods provide insights for the evolution of aging and longevity
- 2022
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science. - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 376:6600, s. 1459-1466
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Comparative studies of mortality in the wild are necessary to understand the evolution of aging; yet, ectothermic tetrapods are underrepresented in this comparative landscape, despite their suitability for testing evolutionary hypotheses. We present a study of aging rates and longevity across wild tetrapod ectotherms, using data from 107 populations (77 species) of nonavian reptiles and amphibians. We test hypotheses of how thermoregulatory mode, environmental temperature, protective phenotypes, and pace of life history contribute to demographic aging. Controlling for phylogeny and body size, ectotherms display a higher diversity of aging rates compared with endotherms and include phylogenetically widespread evidence of negligible aging. Protective phenotypes and life-history strategies further explain macroevolutionary patterns of aging. Analyzing ectothermic tetrapods in a comparative context enhances our understanding of the evolution of aging.
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| 2. |
- Legrand, Delphine, et al.
(författare)
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The Metatron : an experimental system to study dispersal and metaecosystems for terrestrial organisms
- 2012
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Ingår i: Nature Methods. - 1548-7091 .- 1548-7105. ; 9:8, s. 828-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dispersal of organisms generates gene flow between populations. Identifying factors that influence dispersal will help predict how species will cope with rapid environmental change. We developed an innovative infrastructure, the Metatron, composed of 48 interconnected patches, designed for the study of terrestrial organism movement as a model for dispersal. Corridors between patches can be flexibly open or closed. Temperature, humidity and illuminance can be independently controlled within each patch. The modularity and adaptability of the Metatron provide the opportunity for robust experimental design for the study of 'meta-systems'. We describe a pilot experiment on populations of the butterfly Pieris brassicae and the lizard Zootoca vivipara in the Metatron. Both species survived and showed both disperser and resident phenotypes. The Metatron offers the opportunity to test theoretical models in spatial ecology.
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| 3. |
- Radchuk, Viktoriia, et al.
(författare)
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Adaptive responses of animals to climate change are most likely insufficient
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biological responses to climate change have been widely documented across taxa and regions, but it remains unclear whether species are maintaining a good match between phenotype and environment, i.e. whether observed trait changes are adaptive. Here we reviewed 10,090 abstracts and extracted data from 71 studies reported in 58 relevant publications, to assess quantitatively whether phenotypic trait changes associated with climate change are adaptive in animals. A meta-analysis focussing on birds, the taxon best represented in our dataset, suggests that global warming has not systematically affected morphological traits, but has advanced phenological traits. We demonstrate that these advances are adaptive for some species, but imperfect as evidenced by the observed consistent selection for earlier timing. Application of a theoretical model indicates that the evolutionary load imposed by incomplete adaptive responses to ongoing climate change may already be threatening the persistence of species.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Edelaar, Pim, et al.
(författare)
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Matching habitat choice causes directed gene flow : A neglected dimension in evolution and ecology
- 2008
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Ingår i: Evolution. - 0014-3820 .- 1558-5646. ; 62, s. 2462-2472
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gene flow among populations is typically thought to be antagonistic to population differentiation and local adaptation. However,this assumes that dispersing individuals disperse randomly with respect to their ability to use the environment. Yet dispersingindividuals often sample and compare environments and settle in those environments that best match their phenotype, causingdirected gene flow, which can in fact promote population differentiation and adaptation. We refer to this process as “matchinghabitat choice.” Although this process has been acknowledged by several researchers, no synthesis or perspective on its potentiallywidespread importance exists. Here we synthesize empirical and theoretical studies, and offer a new perspective that matchinghabitat choice can have significant effects on important and controversial topics. We discuss the potential implications of matchinghabitat choice for the degree and rate of local adaptation, the evolution of niche width, adaptive peak shifts, speciation in thepresence of gene flow, and on our view and interpretation of measures of natural selection. Because of its potential importance forsuch a wide range of topics, we call for heightened empirical and theoretical attention for this neglected dimension in evolutionaryand ecological studies.
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| 6. |
- Ortega, Jesús, et al.
(författare)
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Seasonal and interpopulational phenotypic variation in morphology and sexual signals of Podarcis liolepis lizards
- 2019
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 14:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Widespread species often show extensive phenotypic variation due to the contrasting abi-otic and biotic factors that shape selective pressures in different environments. In this context, the gradual and predictable patterns of variation in climatic and environmental conditions found in mountain areas offer a great opportunity to explore intraspecific phenotypic variation. For instance, temperature is negatively correlated with altitude and virtually all aspects of the behavior and physiology of ectotherms are sensitive to body temperature. In this work, we tested the hypothesis that morphology, dorsal and ventral coloration and the chemical profile of femoral secretions show interpopulational and seasonal variation in the lacertid lizard (Podarcis liolepis). We compared lizards from three populations inhabiting lowland and highland habitats in the French Pyrenees that were closely related genetically. We found that highland lizards were larger, stockier, had longer heads and more femoral pores and had a darker dorsal coloration than lowland ones. In addition, we detected interpopulational differences in both the abundance and the richness of chemical compounds in the glandular secretions, and we also found seasonal variation in the overall chemical composition. Dorsal and ventral coloration differed seasonally and between populations. Ventral and dorsal brightness were higher in lowland than in highland lizards in the reproductive season whereas the reversed trend was found in the non-reproductive season but only for dorsal brightness. In addition, all lizards had browner dorsal coloration in the non-reproductive season, and lowland lizards were greener in the reproductive season. By integrating information from both visual and chemical systems, our works offers a comprehensive view of how these lizards communicate in a multimodal context.
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| 7. |
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