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- Huang, Pei, et al.
(författare)
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A review of data centers as prosumers in district energy systems : Renewable energy integration and waste heat reuse for district heating
- 2020
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Ingår i: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 258
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As large energy prosumers in district energy systems, on the one hand, data centers consume a large amount of electricity to ensure the Information Technologies (IT) facilities, ancillary power supply and cooling systems work properly; on the other hand, data centers produce a large quantity of waste heat due to the high heat dissipation rates of the IT facilities. To date, a systematic review of data centers from the perspective of energy prosumers, which considers both integration of the upstream green energy supply and downstream waste heat reuse, is still lacking. As a result, the potentials for improving data centers’ performances are limited due to a lack of global optimization of the upstream renewable energy integration and downstream waste heat utilization. This study is intended to fill in this gap and provides such a review. In this regard, the advancements in different cooling techniques, integration of renewable energy and advanced controls, waste heat utilization and connections for district heating, real projects, performance metrics and economic, energy and environmental analyses are reviewed. Based on the enormous amount of research on data centers in district energy systems, it has been found that: (1) global controls, which can manage the upstream renewable production, data centers’ operation and waste heat generation and downstream waste heat utilization are still lacking; (2) regional climate studies represent an effective way to find the optimal integration of renewable energy and waste heat recovery technologies for improving the data centers’ energy efficiency; (3) the development of global energy metrics will help to appropriately quantify the data center performances.
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- Huang, Pei, et al.
(författare)
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A Technical Review of Modeling Techniques for Urban Solar Mobility : Solar to Buildings, Vehicles,and Storage (S2BVS)
- 2020
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI AG. - 1548-7733 .- 2071-1050. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The deployment of solar photovoltaics (PV) and electric vehicles (EVs) is continuously increasing during urban energy transition. With the increasing deployment of energy storage, the development of the energy sharing concept and the associated advanced controls, the conventional solar mobility model (i.e., solar-to-vehicles (S2V), using solar energy in a different location) and context are becoming less compatible and limited for future scenarios. For instance, energy sharing within a building cluster enables buildings to share surplus PV power generation with other buildings of insufficient PV power generation, thereby improving the overall PV power utilization and reducing the grid power dependence. However, such energy sharing techniques are not considered in the conventional solar mobility models, which limits the potential for performance improvements. Therefore, this study conducts a systematic review of solar mobility-related studies as well as the newly developed energy concepts and techniques. Based on the review, this study extends the conventional solar mobility scope from S2V to solar-to-buildings, vehicles and storage (S2BVS). A detailed modeling of each sub-system in the S2BVS model and related advanced controls are presented, and the research gaps that need future investigation for promoting solar mobility are identified. The aim is to provide an up-to-date review of the existing studies related to solar mobility to decision makers, so as to help enhance solar power utilization, reduce buildings’ and EVs’ dependence and impacts on the power grid, as well as carbon emissions.
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- Saini, Puneet, et al.
(författare)
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A preliminary optimisation and techno-economic analysis of solar assisted building heating system using transpired air solar collector and heat pump in Sweden
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Conference on Applied Energy 2019.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transpired solar air collector can be used in combination with heat Pump to meet space heating and hot water demand in domestic dwellings. Moreover, the solar pre-heated fresh air can be used as a heat source for the heat pump evaporator, improving its coefficient of performance. Many research articles have been published on this subject, however the optimal analyses about techno-economic feasibility of a heat pump with the transpired solar collector are still lacking. Therefore, an optimisation tool is developed, based on non-linear programming using coherent operation strategy and variation in collector flow rate for a solar heat pump system. The effect of optimisation along with techno-economic feasibility for a demo case in Sweden is then preliminary studied based on the defined boundary conditions. The results are used to select the most cost-effective collector area installation, along with an efficient operation strategy for a given system configuration. Results indicate that the hourly flow rate optimisation can determine 35 % increased savings, compared to a non-optimised fixed flow rate case. Moreover, the simulated system has a net present value of € 5000 when calculated at 2 % discount rate for 30 years. The tool has potential use for pre-feasibility check at an earlier stage of the dedicated design and operation, without the need for extensive system simulations.
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- Saini, Puneet, et al.
(författare)
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Simulation and parametric study of a building integrated transpired solar collector heat pump system for a multifamily building cluster in Sweden
- 2020
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Ingår i: SINTEF Proceedings no 5, BuildSIM-Nordic 2020 Selected papers, International Conference Organised by IBPSA-Nordic, 13th–14th October 2020, OsloMet. - 9788253616797
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Solar integrated building envelopes represent a significant energy harvesting potential in an era of decentralized building energy systems. This paper aims to simulate an energy system that consists of a transpired air solar collector component for a multifamily building cluster in Sweden. The energy system consists of an unglazed transpired solar collector in conjunction with air ventilation unit and exhaust air heat pump. The hot air from the solar collectors is used to increase the brine temperature at heat pump evaporator inlet to improve its coefficient of performance. The exhaust air heat pump is used to meet space heating and hot water demand for the buildings. The energy system is modelled using TRNSYS simulation program. The associated controls of the energy systems are optimized to increase the seasonal performance factor of the complete system, while maintaining the optimal performance of various subsystems. The quantification of the energetic benefits obtained from the proposed energy system is also presented using various key performance indicators. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis of different collector areas and operating variables such as airflow rate of the collector is conducted. The results show that the seasonal performance of the simulated energy system is 1.43 and the annual collector utilization factor is 0.18. Furthermore, the variation of the collector airflow rate has a positive impact on system performance, with an increase of 2 % in the annual heat pump coefficient of performance.
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- Shen, Jingchun, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring the potential of climate-adaptive container building design under future climate scenarios in three different climate zones
- 2020
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The deployment of containers as building modules has grown in popularity over the past years due to their inherent strength, modular construction and relatively low cost. The upcycled container architecture is being accepted since it is more eco-friendly than using the traditional building materials with intensive carbon footprint. Moreover, owing to the unquestionable urgency of climate change, existing climate-adaptive design strategies may no longer respond effectively as they are supposed to work in the previous passive design. Therefore, this paper explores an adaptive upcycled strategy of shipping containers as a carbon-smart modular living solution to a single family house under three design scenarios related to cold, temperate and hot-humid climatic zones, respectively. By assessing the projected future climate data with the ASHRAE Standard 55 and Current Handbook of Fundamentals Comfort Model, it was found that Rome would gradually face more failures in conventional climate adaptive design measures in the coming 60 years. The appropriate utilization of internal heat gains seems to be the most promising measure in Rome, followed by the measure of windows sun shading and passive solar direct gain by using low mass. Weather analysis shows different results in Berlin and Stockholm, where special attention should be paid to the occasional overheating risk. As a result, the holistic climate-adaptive container building design measures are finally summarized from aspects of design features, production / process and challenges in implementation.
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