| 1. |
- Ferrario, M., et al.
(författare)
-
IRIDE : Interdisciplinary research infrastructure based on dual electron linacs and lasers
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 740, s. 138-146
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes the scientific aims and potentials as well as the preliminary technical design of RUDE, an innovative tool for multi-disciplinary investigations in a wide field of scientific, technological and industrial applications. IRIDE will be a high intensity "particles factory", based on a combination of high duty cycle radio-frequency superconducting electron linacs and of high energy lasers. Conceived to provide unique research possibilities for particle physics, for condensed matter physics, chemistry and material science, for structural biology and industrial applications, IRIDE will open completely new research possibilities and advance our knowledge in many branches of science and technology. [RIDE is also supposed to be realized in subsequent stages of development depending on the assigned priorities.
|
|
| 2. |
- Makos, I., et al.
(författare)
-
Attosecond photoelectron spectroscopy using high-harmonic generation and seeded free-electron lasers
- 2023
-
Ingår i: 2023 Photonics North, PN 2023. - 9798350326734
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work, we use attosecond time-resolved techniques to investigate photoionization dynamics on its natural timescale, employing both high harmonic generation and seeded free-electron lasers to generate extreme ultraviolet attosecond pulse trains for our studies. With the former approach, we examine the role of nuclear motion in molecular photoionization dynamics, while with the latter we introduce a novel attosecond timing tool for single-shot characterization of the relative phase between the XUV and the infrared field.
|
|
| 3. |
- Iablonskyi, D., et al.
(författare)
-
Interatomic Coulombic Decay Processes after Multiple Valence Excitations in Ne Clusters
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Journal of Physics: Conference Series. - : IOP Publishing. - 1742-6596 .- 1742-6588. ; 635, s. 112067-112067
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a comprehensive analysis of autoionization processes in Ne clusters (similar to 5000 atoms) after multiple valence excitations by free electron laser radiation. The evolution from 2-body interatomic Coulombic decay (ICD) to 3-body ICD is demonstrated when changing from surface to bulk Frenkel exciton excitation. Super Coster-Kronig type 2-body ICD is observed at Wannier exciton which quenches the main ICD channel.
|
|
| 4. |
- Maroju, Praveen Kumar, et al.
(författare)
-
Attosecond coherent control of electronic wave packets in two-colour photoionization using a novel timing tool for seeded free-electron laser
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Nature Photonics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1749-4885 .- 1749-4893. ; 17, s. 200-207
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In ultrafast spectroscopy, the temporal resolution of time-resolved experiments depends on the duration of the pump and probe pulses, and on the control and characterization of their relative synchronization. Free-electron lasers operating in the extreme ultraviolet and X-ray spectral regions deliver pulses with femtosecond and attosecond duration in a broad array of pump-probe configurations to study a wide range of physical processes. However, this flexibility, together with the large dimensions and high complexity of the experimental set-ups, limits control of the temporal delay to the femtosecond domain, thus precluding a time resolution below the optical cycle. Here we demonstrate a novel single-shot technique able to determine the relative synchronization between an attosecond pulse train-generated by a seeded free-electron laser-and the optical oscillations of a near-infrared field, with a resolution of one atomic unit (24 as). Using this attosecond timing tool, we report the first example of attosecond coherent control of photoionization in a two-colour field by manipulating the phase of high-order near-infrared transitions.
|
|
| 5. |
- Zitnik, M, et al.
(författare)
-
High resolution multiphoton spectroscopy by a tunable free-electron-laser light.
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114 .- 0031-9007. ; 113:19
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Seeded free electron lasers theoretically have the intensity, tunability, and resolution required for multiphoton spectroscopy of atomic and molecular species. Using the seeded free electron laser FERMI and a novel detection scheme, we have revealed the two-photon excitation spectra of dipole-forbidden doubly excited states in helium. The spectral profiles of the lowest (-1,0)^{+1} ^{1}S^{e} and (0,1)^{0} ^{1}D^{e} resonances display energy shifts in the meV range that depend on the pulse intensity. The results are explained by an effective two-level model based on calculated Rabi frequencies and decay rates.
|
|
| 6. |
- Iablonskyi, D., et al.
(författare)
-
Slow Interatomic Coulombic Decay of Multiply Excited Neon Clusters
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007. ; 117:27
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ne clusters (∼5000 atoms) were resonantly excited (2p→3s) by intense free electron laser (FEL) radiation at FERMI. Such multiply excited clusters can decay nonradiatively via energy exchange between at least two neighboring excited atoms. Benefiting from the precise tunability and narrow bandwidth of seeded FEL radiation, specific sites of the Ne clusters were probed. We found that the relaxation of cluster surface atoms proceeds via a sequence of interatomic or intermolecular Coulombic decay (ICD) processes while ICD of bulk atoms is additionally affected by the surrounding excited medium via inelastic electron scattering. For both cases, cluster excitations relax to atomic states prior to ICD, showing that this kind of ICD is rather slow (picosecond range). Controlling the average number of excitations per cluster via the FEL intensity allows a coarse tuning of the ICD rate.
|
|
| 7. |
- Takanashi, T, et al.
(författare)
-
Time-Resolved Measurement of Interatomic Coulombic Decay Induced by Two-Photon Double Excitation of Ne2
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007. ; 118:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The hitherto unexplored two-photon doubly excited states [Ne∗(2p-13s)]2 were experimentally identified using the seeded, fully coherent, intense extreme ultraviolet free-electron laser FERMI. These states undergo ultrafast interatomic Coulombic decay (ICD), which predominantly produces singly ionized dimers. In order to obtain the rate of ICD, the resulting yield of Ne2+ ions was recorded as a function of delay between the extreme ultraviolet pump and UV probe laser pulses. The extracted lifetimes of the long-lived doubly excited states, 390(-130/+450) fs, and of the short-lived ones, less than 150 fs, are in good agreement with ab initio quantum mechanical calculations.
|
|
| 8. |
- Finetti, P., et al.
(författare)
-
Pulse duration of seeded free electron lasers
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Physical Review X. - 2160-3308. ; 7:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The pulse duration, and, more generally, the temporal intensity profile of free-electron laser (FEL) pulses, is of utmost importance for exploring the new perspectives offered by FELs; it is a nontrivial experimental parameter that needs to be characterized. We measured the pulse shape of an extreme ultraviolet externally seeded FEL operating in high-gain harmonic generation mode. Two different methods based on the cross-correlation of the FEL pulses with an external optical laser were used. The two methods, one capable of single-shot performance, may both be implemented as online diagnostics in FEL facilities. The measurements were carried out at the seeded FEL facility FERMI. The FEL temporal pulse characteristics were measured and studied in a range of FEL wavelengths and machine settings, and they were compared to the predictions of a theoretical model. The measurements allowed a direct observation of the pulse lengthening and splitting at saturation, in agreement with the proposed theory.
|
|
| 9. |
- Nagaya, K., et al.
(författare)
-
Multiple photoionization of rare-gas clusters by EUV-FEL at Spring-8
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Journal of Physics, Conference Series. - : IOP Publishing. - 1742-6588 .- 1742-6596. ; 388:3, s. 032082-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multiple photoionization processes of giant rare-gas clusters are investigated in the wavelength region of 51 to 61nm at Spring8. We report here some latest results of our investigation; the frustration of photoionization for giant xenon clusters and the charge transfer in Ar-core Ne-shell clusters.
|
|
| 10. |
- De Angelis, D., et al.
(författare)
-
A sub-100 nm thickness flat jet for extreme ultraviolet to soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation. - : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr). - 0909-0495 .- 1600-5775. ; 31:3 Pt, s. 605-612
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Experimental characterization of the structural, electronic and dynamic properties of dilute systems in aqueous solvents, such as nanoparticles, molecules and proteins, are nowadays an open challenge. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is probably one of the most established approaches to this aim as it is element-specific. However, typical dilute systems of interest are often composed of light elements that require extreme-ultraviolet to soft X-ray photons. In this spectral regime, water and other solvents are rather opaque, thus demanding radical reduction of the solvent volume and removal of the liquid to minimize background absorption. Here, we present an experimental endstation designed to operate a liquid flat jet of sub-micrometre thickness in a vacuum environment compatible with extreme ultraviolet/soft XAS measurements in transmission geometry. The apparatus developed can be easily connected to synchrotron and free-electron-laser user-facility beamlines dedicated to XAS experiments. The conditions for stable generation and control of the liquid flat jet are analyzed and discussed. Preliminary soft XAS measurements on some test solutions are shown.
|
|
| 11. |
- Alagia, M, et al.
(författare)
-
Angular effects in autoionization of 3 P doubly excited states in He
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Journal of Physics: Conference Series. ; 194
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The first members of dipole allowed 3 P o doubly excited series in helium have been observed in resonant photoexcitation of 1 s 2 s 3 S e metastable atoms. A good agreement measured relative photoionization cross sections is achieved when theory includes the radiation damping and, also important, the effects of spin-orbit multiplet splitting on electron angular distribution.
|
|
| 12. |
- Alagia, M., et al.
(författare)
-
Excitation of 1S and 3S Metastable Helium Atoms to Doubly Excited States
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 102:15, s. 153001-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present spectra of triplet and singlet metastable helium atoms resonantly photoexcited to doubly excited states. The first members of three dipole-allowed 1,3Po series have been observed and their relative photoionization cross sections determined, both in the triplet (from 1s2s 3Se) and singlet (from 1s2s 1Se) manifolds. The intensity ratios are drastically different with respect to transitions from the ground state. When radiation damping is included the results for the singlets are in agreement with theory, while for triplets spin-orbit interaction must also be taken into account.
|
|
| 13. |
- Coreno, M, et al.
(författare)
-
A new system for photon induced fluorescence spectroscopy applied to the study of doubly excited states of helium
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena. - : Elsevier BV. - 0368-2048. ; 144-147, s. 39-42
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new system for photon induced fluorescence spectroscopy (PIFS) at the gas phase photoemission beamline (Elettra, Trieste) is described. It consists of a novel non-dispersive detector for VUV photons and a spectrometer for UV/visible light with cooled CCD detector. To illustrate the performance of the apparatus, the fluorescence decay of the doubly excited states of helium below the N = 2 ionization threshold has been studied. Fluorescence emission from both singlet and triplet states has been observed, and in particular weak visible emission resulting from decay of 7(3D) and 8(3D) triplet states confirmed the recently published assignment of these states. This illustrates how PIFS can be used to provide a direct and unambiguous verification of the assignments of states observed in photoabsorption.
|
|
| 14. |
- Finetti, P., et al.
(författare)
-
Optical setup for two-colour experiments at the low density matter beamline of FERMI
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Journal of optics. - : IOP Publishing. - 0150-536X .- 2040-8978 .- 2040-8986. ; 19:11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The low density matter beamline of the free electron laser facility FERMI is dedicated to the study of atomic, molecular and cluster systems, and here we describe the optical setup available for two-colour experiments. Samples can be exposed to ultrashort pulses from a Ti:Sapphire source (fundamental, or second or third harmonic), and ultrashort light pulses of FERMI in the EUV/soft x-ray region with a well-defined temporal delay, and negligible jitter (<10 fs) compared to the pulse durations (40–100 fs). Detection schemes available include electron, ion and optical spectroscopy. The majority of experiments using this apparatus are pump-and-probe, where either wavelength can be pump or probe, but the system is also useful for other techniques, such as multi-photon spectroscopy, cross-correlation measurements and alignment of molecules in space.
|
|
| 15. |
- Ingle, R. A., et al.
(författare)
-
Carbon K-edge x-ray emission spectroscopy of gas phase ethylenic molecules
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Journal of Physics B. - : IOP Publishing. - 0953-4075 .- 1361-6455. ; 55:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on the C K-edge x-ray absorption spectra and the resonant (RXES) and non-resonant (NXES) x-ray emission spectra of ethylene, allene and butadiene in the gas phase. The RXES and NXES show clear differences for the different molecules. Overall both types of spectra are more structured for ethylene and allene, than for butadiene. Using density functional theory–restricted open shell configuration interaction single calculations, we simulate the spectra with remarkable agreement with the experiment. We identify the spectral features as being due to transitions involving localised 1s orbitals. For allene, there are distinct spectral bands that reflect transitions predominantly from either the central or terminal carbon atoms. These results are discussed in the context of ultrafast x-ray studies aimed at detecting the passage through conical intersections in polyatomic molecules.
|
|
| 16. |
- Squibb, Richard J., et al.
(författare)
-
Acetylacetone photodynamics at a seeded free-electron laser
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thefirst steps in photochemical processes, such as photosynthesis or animal vision, involvechanges in electronic and geometric structure on extremely short time scales. Time-resolvedphotoelectron spectroscopy is a natural way to measure such changes, but has been hinderedhitherto by limitations of available pulsed light sources in the vacuum-ultraviolet and soft X-ray spectral region, which have insufficient resolution in time and energy simultaneously. Theunique combination of intensity, energy resolution, and femtosecond pulse duration of theFERMI-seeded free-electron laser can now provide exceptionally detailed information onphotoexcitation–deexcitation and fragmentation in pump-probe experiments on the 50-femtosecond time scale. For the prototypical system acetylacetone we report here electronspectra measured as a function of time delay with enough spectral and time resolution tofollow several photoexcited species through well-characterized individual steps, interpretedusing state-of-the-art static and dynamics calculations. These results open the way forinvestigations of photochemical processes in unprecedented detail.
|
|
| 17. |
- Toffoli, D., et al.
(författare)
-
Electronic Structure Characterization of a Thiophene Benzo-Annulated Series of Common Building Blocks for Donor and Acceptor Compounds Studied by Gas Phase Photoelectron and Photoabsorption Synchrotron Spectroscopies
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry A. - : American Chemical Society. - 1089-5639 .- 1520-5215. ; 122:44, s. 8745-8761
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The near-edge x-ray-absorption fine-structure (NEXAFS) and Xray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of benzo[b]thiophene (BBT) and dibenzothiophene (DBT) in the gas phase have been measured at the carbon Kedge and sulfur L-II,L-III-edge regions. The assignment of the spectral features has been provided by theoretical calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) and its time-dependent generalization (TDDFT) in the linear response regime. Observed trends in computed C 1s and S 2p ionization potentials (IPs) have been rationalized in terms of both the inductive effects due to the presence of S and the increased pi-electrons delocalization arising from the benzoannulation process. The analysis of the NEXAFS carbon K-edge and sulfur L-II,L-III-edge regions regions provided information on both low-lying delocalized virtual pi orbitals, and higher-lying localized sigma*(C-S) states. The evolution of the NEXAFS carbon K-edge spectral features along the series thiophene (T) and derivatives, BBT and DBT, is informative of a stabilizing effect due to increased aromaticity. This effect is however more pronounced in going from T to BBT compared to the introduction of a second annulated phenyl ring in DBT. The nature of the most intense sulfur L-II,L-III-edge NEXAFS spectral features is instead conserved along the series reflecting thus the localized nature of the virtual states involved in the S 2p core-excitation process.
|
|
| 18. |
- Zhang, Teng, et al.
(författare)
-
Conclusively Addressing the CoPc Electronic Structure : A Joint Gas-Phase and Solid-State Photoemission and Absorption Spectroscopy Study
- 2017
-
Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 121:47, s. 26372-26378
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The occupied and empty densities of states of cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) were investigated by photoelectron and X-ray absorption spectroscopies in the gas phase and in thin films deposited on a Au(111) surface. The comparison between the gas-phase results and density functional theory single-molecule simulations confirmed that the CoPc ground state is correctly described by the (2)A(1g) electronic configuration. Moreover, photon-energy-dependent valence photoemission spectra of both the gas phase and thin film confirmed the atomic character of the highest occupied molecular orbital as being derived from the organic ligand, with dominant contributions from the carbon atoms. Multiplet ligand-field theory was employed to simulate the Co L-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy results.
|
|
| 19. |
- Žitnik, M., et al.
(författare)
-
Atomic two-color XUV interferometer
- 2023
-
Ingår i: 2023 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe and European Quantum Electronics Conference, CLEO/Europe-EQEC 2023. - 9798350345995
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We extend our recently published work which demonstrated the coherent control of population of 2s21S doubly excited state in helium by tuning the interference of ω1 + ω1 and ω3 − ω1 two-photon excitation paths [1]. The maximum yield of electrons from 2s2 autoionization was observed when the two-color phase difference matched phase difference of the atomic amplitudes describing the two alternative excitation paths. A displacement of position of the maximum yield in the same reference frame therefore signals the presence of an additional phase shifting agent along any of the two paths and also provides a measure of the corresponding phase shift. This constitutes the operational principle of an atomic XUV interferometer which is comparable to the well-known RABBITT method based on using a combination of XUV and IR light pulses [2]. The work was performed at LDM beamline at the free-electron-laser facility FERMI in Trieste (Italy). The phase difference of the two components of the light pulse was set by slightly delaying the ω3 emission from the last three undulators with respect to the ω1 emission produced by the first three undulators and this was achieved by delaying the generating electron bunch by properly adjusted magnetic chicane in between the two undulator sections.
|
|
| 20. |
- Zitnik, M., et al.
(författare)
-
Interference of two-photon transitions induced by XUV light
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Optica. - : Optica Publishing Group. - 2334-2536. ; 9:7, s. 692-700
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The relative phase of first (omega(1)) and third harmonics (omega(3)) extreme ultraviolet light pulses was varied to control the population of the 2s(2) state in helium through the interference of omega(1) + omega(1) and omega(3) - omega(1) two-photon excitation paths. The population was monitored by observing the total electron yield due to the 2s(2) autoionization decay. Maximum yield occurs when the relative phase of the two harmonics matches the phase difference of complex atomic amplitudes governing the two excitation paths. The calculated trend of atomic phase differences agrees well with the measured data in the spectral region of the resonance, provided that time-reversed -omega(1) + omega(3) path is also taken into account. These results open the way to accessing phase differences of two-photon ionization paths involving energetically distant intermediate states and to perform interferometry in the extreme ultraviolet range by monitoring final state populations. (c) 2022 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreement
|
|
| 21. |
- Bernes, E., et al.
(författare)
-
S 2p and P 2p Core Level Spectroscopy of PPT Ambipolar Material and Its Building Block Moieties
- 2020
-
Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 124:127, s. 14510-14520
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS and X-ray photoelectron (XP) spectra of gas-phase 2,8-bis-(diphenylphosphoryl)dibenzo[b,d]thiophene (PPT) and triphenylphosphine oxide (TPPO) have been measured at the S and P L-II,L-III-edge regions. The time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) based on the relativistic two-component zeroth-order regular approximation approach has been used to provide an assignment of the experimental spectra, giving the contribution of the spin-orbit splitting and of the molecular-field splitting to the sulfur and phosphor binding energies. Computed XP and NEXAFS spectra agree well with the experimental measurements. In going from dibenzothiophene and TPPO to PPT, the nature of the most intense S 2p and P 2p NEXAFS features are preserved; this trend suggests that the electronic and geometric behaviors of the S and P atoms in the two building block moieties are conserved in the more complex system of PPT. This work enables us to shed some light onto the structure of the P-O bond, a still highly debated topic in the chemical literature. Since the S 2p and P 2p NEXAFS intensities provide specific information on the higher-lying localized sigma*(C-S) and sigma*(P-O) virtual MOs, we have concluded that P 3d AOs are not involved in the formation of the P-O bond. Moreover, the results support the mechanism of negative hyperconjugation, by showing that transitions toward sigma*(P-O) states occur at lower energies with respect to those toward it pi*(P-O) states.
|
|
| 22. |
- Coreno, M., et al.
(författare)
-
Vis-UV fluorescence studies of fragments resulting from the relaxation of molecular core hole states
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Physica Scripta. - 0031-8949 .- 1402-4896. ; 76:3, s. C90-C95
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The absorption of soft x-ray radiation induces neutral and ionic core hole states in molecules. The relaxation of such states typically leads to a multi-step process, at the end of which photons in the visible and UV range can also be emitted from fragments. In this paper, we present results on Balmer and Lyman emission that originates from excited H atoms produced at the K-edge of the water, ammonia and methane molecules. Dissociation pathways leading to fluorescence emission are discussed.
|
|
| 23. |
- Kivimaki, A., et al.
(författare)
-
Fluorescence emission at core-to-Rydberg excitations in the N-2 molecule
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Journal of Physics B. - : IOP Publishing. - 0953-4075 .- 1361-6455. ; 42:18
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fluorescence emission at the N 1s edge of the N-2 molecule has been studied with synchrotron radiation excitation. The partial fluorescence yields in the ultraviolet (250-320 nm) and visible (300-650 nm) wavelengths were collected by scanning the photon energy across the core-to-Rydberg excitations and the N 1s ionization potential (IP). When compared to the total ion yield, both fluorescence yields are most enhanced at the excitations to high Rydberg orbitals. A discrete structure appears just below the N 1s IP only in the UV yield and is assigned to core-valence doubly excited states. Dispersed fluorescence spectra in selected wavelength windows were measured at several photon energies in order to find out which fragments are responsible for the enhancement of fluorescence emission just below the N 1s IP. The excitation functions determined and considerations on de-excitation pathways indicate that the main responsible is the N+ ion.
|
|
| 24. |
- Kivimaki, A., et al.
(författare)
-
Line shape narrowing in the ultraviolet yield at the N 1s -> pi* resonance of the N-2 molecule
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Journal of Physics B. - : IOP Publishing. - 0953-4075 .- 1361-6455. ; 42:7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The intensity of fluorescence emission in the wavelength region of 250-320 nm has been measured across the N 1s -> pi* resonance of the N-2 molecule. It displays a narrower line shape than the total ion yield recorded simultaneously. We explain the finding by the particularities of the resonant Auger transitions from the N 1s(-1) pi* state to the D-2 Pi(g) state in N-2(+) and by the subsequent D-2 Pi(g) -> A(2)Pi(u) emission.
|
|
| 25. |
|
|
