| 1. |
- Akkoyun, S., et al.
(författare)
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AGATA - Advanced GAmma Tracking Array
- 2012
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002 .- 0167-5087 .- 1872-9576. ; 668, s. 26-58
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Advanced GAmma Tracking Array (AGATA) is a European project to develop and operate the next generation γ-ray spectrometer. AGATA is based on the technique of γ-ray energy tracking in electrically segmented high-purity germanium crystals. This technique requires the accurate determination of the energy, time and position of every interaction as a γ ray deposits its energy within the detector volume. Reconstruction of the full interaction path results in a detector with very high efficiency and excellent spectral response. The realisation of γ-ray tracking and AGATA is a result of many technical advances. These include the development of encapsulated highly segmented germanium detectors assembled in a triple cluster detector cryostat, an electronics system with fast digital sampling and a data acquisition system to process the data at a high rate. The full characterisation of the crystals was measured and compared with detector- response simulations. This enabled pulse-shape analysis algorithms, to extract energy, time and position, to be employed. In addition, tracking algorithms for event reconstruction were developed. The first phase of AGATA is now complete and operational in its first physics campaign. In the future AGATA will be moved between laboratories in Europe and operated in a series of campaigns to take advantage of the different beams and facilities available to maximise its science output. The paper reviews all the achievements made in the AGATA project including all the necessary infrastructure to operate and support the spectrometer. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Chalmers, J. R., et al.
(författare)
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Report from the fifth international consensus meeting to harmonize core outcome measures for atopic eczema/dermatitis clinical trials (HOME initiative)
- 2018
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Ingår i: British Journal of Dermatology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0007-0963 .- 1365-2133. ; 178:5, s. E332-E341
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This is the report from the fifth meeting of the Harmonising Outcome Measures for Eczema initiative (HOME V). The meeting was held on 12-14 June 2017 in Nantes, France, with 81 participants. The main aims of the meeting were (i) to achieve consensus over the definition of the core domain of long-term control and how to measure it and (ii) to prioritize future areas of research for the measurement of the core domain of quality of life (QoL) in children. Moderated whole-group and small-group consensus discussions were informed by presentations of qualitative studies, systematic reviews and validation studies. Small-group allocations were performed a priori to ensure that each group included different stakeholders from a variety of geographical regions. Anonymous whole-group voting was carried out using handheld electronic voting pads according to pre-defined consensus rules. It was agreed by consensus that the long-term control domain should include signs, symptoms, quality of life and a patient global instrument. The group agreed that itch intensity should be measured when assessing long-term control of eczema in addition to the frequency of itch captured by the symptoms domain. There was no recommendation of an instrument for the core outcome domain of quality of life in children, but existing instruments were assessed for face validity and feasibility, and future work that will facilitate the recommendation of an instrument was agreed upon.
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| 4. |
- Reifarth, R., et al.
(författare)
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Nuclear astrophysics with radioactive ions at FAIR
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics: Conference Series. - : IOP Publishing. - 1742-6588 .- 1742-6596. ; 665:1
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The nucleosynthesis of elements beyond iron is dominated by neutron captures in the s and r processes. However, 32 stable, proton-rich isotopes cannot be formed during those processes, because they are shielded from the s-process flow and r-process beta-decay chains. These nuclei are attributed to the p and rp process. For all those processes, current research in nuclear astrophysics addresses the need for more precise reaction data involving radioactive isotopes. Depending on the particular reaction, direct or inverse kinematics, forward or time-reversed direction are investigated to determine or at least to constrain the desired reaction cross sections. The Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) will offer unique, unprecedented opportunities to investigate many of the important reactions. The high yield of radioactive isotopes, even far away from the valley of stability, allows the investigation of isotopes involved in processes as exotic as the r or rp processes.
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| 7. |
- Downey, Harriet, et al.
(författare)
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Training future generations to deliver evidence-based conservation and ecosystem management
- 2021
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Ingår i: Ecological Solutions and Evidence. - : Wiley. - 2688-8319. ; 2:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- 1. To be effective, the next generation of conservation practitioners and managers need to be critical thinkers with a deep understanding of how to make evidence-based decisions and of the value of evidence synthesis.2. If, as educators, we do not make these priorities a core part of what we teach, we are failing to prepare our students to make an effective contribution to conservation practice.3. To help overcome this problem we have created open access online teaching materials in multiple languages that are stored in Applied Ecology Resources. So far, 117 educators from 23 countries have acknowledged the importance of this and are already teaching or about to teach skills in appraising or using evidence in conservation decision-making. This includes 145 undergraduate, postgraduate or professional development courses.4. We call for wider teaching of the tools and skills that facilitate evidence-based conservation and also suggest that providing online teaching materials in multiple languages could be beneficial for improving global understanding of other subject areas.
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| 10. |
- Cresswell, A G, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of an abdominal muscle training program on intra-abdominal pressure.
- 1994
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. - 0036-5505 .- 1940-2228. ; 26:2, s. 79-86
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of 10 weeks' specific abdominal strength training (resisted trunk rotations) on intra-abdominal pressure was investigated in 10 healthy males. Isometric rotational force, trunk flexor and extensor torque and intra-abdominal pressure were measured as well as intra-abdominal pressure responses to Valsalva manoeuvres, maximal pulsed pressures, drop jumps and trunk perturbations. The rotational strength increased 29.7% after training without significant change in intra-abdominal pressure. The isometric flexor strength did not change, while the extensor strength increased 11.0%. Valsalva and pulsed pressures increased 11.6 and 9.2%, respectively. The rate of intra-abdominal pressure development during pulsed pressures, drop jumps and trunk perturbations increased after training. The level of intra-abdominal pressure during the latter two tasks remained unchanged. It is concluded that an increase in strength of the trunk rotators with training improves the ability to generate higher levels of voluntarily induced intra-abdominal pressure and increases the rate of intra-abdominal pressure development during functional situations.
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| 11. |
- Cresswell, A G, et al.
(författare)
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The influence of sudden perturbations on trunk muscle activity and intra-abdominal pressure while standing.
- 1994
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Ingår i: Experimental Brain Research. - 0014-4819 .- 1432-1106. ; 98:2, s. 336-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Unexpected ventral and dorsal perturbations and expected, self-induced ventral perturbations were delivered to the trunk by suddenly loading a vest strapped to the torso. Six male subjects were measured for intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) and intra-muscular electromyography of the transversus abdominis (TrA), obliquus internus abdominis (OI), obliquus externus abdominis (OE) and rectus abdominis (RA) muscles. Erector spinae (ES) activity was recorded using surface electromyography. Displacements of the trunk and head were registered using a video-based system. Unexpected ventral loading produced activity in TrA, OI, OE and RA, and an IAP increase well in advance of activity from ES. Expected ventral loading produced pre-activation of all muscles and an increased IAP prior to the perturbation. The TrA was always the first muscle active in both the unexpected and self-loading conditions. Of the two ventral loading conditions, forward displacement of the trunk was significantly reduced during the self-loading. Unexpected dorsal loading produced coincident activation of TrA, OI, OE, RA and ES. These results indicate a response of the trunk muscles to sudden expected and unexpected ventral loadings other than the anticipated immediate extensor torque production through ES activation. It is suggested that the increase in IAP is a mechanism designed to improve the stability of the trunk through a stiffening of the whole segment.
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| 12. |
- Cresswell, J. A., et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of maternal functioning during pregnancy and postpartum: findings from the cross-sectional WHO pilot study in Jamaica, Kenya, and Malawi
- 2020
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Ingår i: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2393. ; 20:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundThe World Health Organization's definition of maternal morbidity refers to "a negative impact on the woman's wellbeing and/or functioning". Many studies have documented the, mostly negative, effects of maternal ill-health on functioning. Although conceptually important, measurement of functioning remains underdeveloped, and the best way to measure functioning in pregnant and postpartum populations is unknown.MethodsA cross-sectional study among women presenting for antenatal (N=750) and postpartum (N=740) care in Jamaica, Kenya and Malawi took place in 2015-2016. Functioning was measured through the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS-12). Data on health conditions and socio-demographic characteristics were collected through structured interview, medical record review, and clinical examination. This paper presents descriptive data on the distribution of functioning status among pregnant and postpartum women and examines the relationship between functioning and health conditions.ResultsWomen attending antenatal care had a lower level of functioning than those attending postpartum care. Women with a health condition or associated demographic risk factor were more likely to have a lower level of functioning than those with no health condition. However, the absolute difference in functioning scores typically remained modest.ConclusionsFunctioning is an important concept which integrates a woman-centered approach to examining how a health condition affects her life, and ultimately her return to functioning after delivery. However, the WHODAS-12 may not be the optimal tool for use in this population and additional components to capture pregnancy-specific issues may be needed. Challenges remain in how to integrate functioning outcomes into routine maternal healthcare at-scale and across diverse settings.
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| 13. |
- Cresswell, Will, et al.
(författare)
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Predator-hunting success and prey vulnerability : quantifying the spatial scale over which lethal and non-lethal effects of predation occur
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Animal Ecology. - : Wiley. - 0021-8790 .- 1365-2656. ; 79:3, s. 556-562
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 1. The shape of the function linking predator-attack success rate with distance to predator-concealing cover, or prey refuge, will affect population dynamics, distribution patterns and community trophic structure. Theory predicts that predator-attack success should decline exponentially with distance from predator-concealing cover, resulting in a threshold distance value above which there is little change in risk. Animals should then completely avoid areas of otherwise suitable habitat below this threshold, except when starvation risk exceeds predation risk. 2. We measured the shape of the function linking attack success with distance from cover in a system of Eurasian Sparrowhawks Accipiter nisus attacking (n = 445) and killing (n = 71) Redshanks Tringa totanus. We then determined if there was a threshold value and whether redshanks avoided areas below this threshold. 3. Sparrowhawk success rate with distance to predator-concealing cover declined exponentially with a threshold value of approximately 30 m. Redshanks used habitat above the threshold according to profitability and only fed below it, on average, in cold weather when starvation risk can be imminently high. Above about 5°C, 26% of available habitat was avoided. 4. Our data support the hypothesis that predators create discrete areas with respect to cover that are avoided by prey. Large areas of suitable habitat may be unused, except in times of high starvation risk, when such areas may provide a foraging reserve, with large implications for population distribution and dynamics. 5. Our results are generated from a system in which predators attack their prey from concealing cover. But in the theoretically identical reverse scenario where the prey animal’s distance from protective cover determines predation risk, such non-lethal effects will be equally important, especially in heavily fragmented landscapes.
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| 15. |
- McKeever, Ed, et al.
(författare)
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Emplaced Partnerships and the Ethics of Care, Recognition and Resilience
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Business Ethics. - : Springer Nature. - 1573-0697 .- 0167-4544. ; 184:4, s. 757-772
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the SI is to bring to the fore the places in which cross-sector partnerships (CSPs) are formed; how place shapes the dynamics of CSPs, and how CSPs shape the specific settings in which they develop. The papers demonstrate that partnerships and place are intrinsically reciprocal: the morality and materiality inherent in places repeatedly reset the reference points for partners, trigger epiphanies, shift identities, and redistribute capacities to act. Place thus becomes generative of partnerships in the most profound sense: by developing an awareness of their emplacement, CSPs commit to place, and through their place-based commitments produce three intertwined modalities of place-specific ethics that bind CSPs and place: ethic of recognition, an ethic of care, and an ethic of resilience. Our authors have found vivid examples of how emplaced CSPs embody these ethics, signaling hope for the sustainability of our (always hyper-local) life-worlds.
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| 16. |
- Oddsson, L I, et al.
(författare)
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Interaction between voluntary and postural motor commands during perturbed lifting.
- 1999
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Ingår i: Spine. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0362-2436 .- 1528-1159. ; 24:6, s. 545-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- STUDY DESIGN: An experimental study was conducted to evaluate the effect of an unexpected postural perturbation during a lifting task. OBJECTIVES: To investigate electromyographic responses in the erector spinae to a postural perturbation, simulating slipping, during an ongoing voluntary lifting movement. It was hypothesized that specific combinations of voluntary movement and postural perturbation present a situation in which injury caused by a rapid switch between conflicting motor commands can occur. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Studies of postural perturbations have mainly focused on behavior during static tasks such as quiet, upright standing. To date, there are no published studies of the effect of a perturbation during an ongoing voluntary lifting movement. METHODS: Subjects standing on a movable platform were exposed to random perturbations while lifting a 20-kg load. Muscle activity was recorded from flexor and extensor muscles of the trunk and hip. Trunk flexion angle in the sagittal plane was recorded with a video system. RESULTS: Perturbations forward were followed by an increased activity in erector spinae superimposed on the background activation present during the lift, indicating that both the voluntary and postural motor programs caused an activation of erector spinae. During backward perturbation, however, there was a sudden cessation of erector spinae activity followed by an extended period of rapid electromyographic amplitude fluctuations while the trunk was flexing, indicating an eccentric contraction of the erector spinae. CONCLUSIONS: This erratic behavior with large electromyographic amplitude fluctuations in the erector spinae after a backward slip during lifting may indicate a rapid switch between voluntary and postural motor programs that require conflicting functions of the back muscles. This may cause rapid force changes in load-carrying tissue, particularly in those surrounding the spine, thus increasing the risk of slip-and-fall-related back injuries.
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| 18. |
- Stefansson, Gunnar, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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Processes and operations cases
- 2011
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Ingår i: Sustainable Supply Chain Management: Practical Ideas for Moving Towards Best Practice. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 9783642120220 ; , s. 213-258
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In order to lower logistics costs and increase efficiency in its transportation and warehousing operations, IKEA started an internal competition to reduce unnecessary air in their product packaging. This Air hunting competition focused on removing as much air as possible from packaging and thereby increasing true product volume during transportation and storage. Several IKEA products were identified for packaging development, one being the Glimma tea candle that is described in this best practice documentation. The development of the Glimma tea candle packaging resulted in a 30% increase in products volume for each load unit. Thanks to this packaging development, the efficiency of the transportation and warehouse operations is now much greater and the impact on the environment has decreased significantly.
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