| 1. |
- Beck, S., et al.
(author)
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Experimenting with Open Innovation in Science (OIS) practices: A novel approach to co-developing research proposals
- 2021
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In: CERN IdeaSquare Journal of Experimental Innovation. - 2413-9505. ; 5:2, s. 28-49
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Co-producing scientific research with those who are affected by it is an emerging phenomenon in contemporary science. This article summarizes and reflects on both the process and outcome of a novel experiment to co-develop scientific research proposals in the field of Open Innovation in Science (OIS), wherein scholars engaged in the study of open and collaborative practices collaborated with the “users” of their research, i.e., scientists who apply such practices in their own research. The resulting co-developed research proposals focus on scientific collaboration, open data, and knowledge sharing and are available as an appendix to this article.
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| 2. |
- Jacobs, I, et al.
(author)
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Cardiac Arrest and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Outcome Reports : update and simplification of the Utstein templates for resuscitation registries. A statement for healthcare professionals from a task force of the international liaison committee on resuscitation (American Heart Association, European Resuscitation Council, Australian Resuscitation Council, New Zealand Resuscitation Council, Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada, InterAmerican Heart Foundation, Resuscitation Council of Southern Africa).
- 2004
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In: Circulation. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0009-7322 .- 1524-4539. ; 110:21, s. 3385-3397
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Outcome after cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation is dependent on critical interventions, particularly early defibrillation, effective chest compressions, and advanced life support. Utstein-style definitions and reporting templates have been used extensively in published studies of cardiac arrest, which has led to greater understanding of the elements of resuscitation practice and progress toward international consensus on science and resuscitation guidelines. Despite the development of Utstein templates to standardize research reports of cardiac arrest, international registries have yet to be developed. In April 2002, a task force of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) met in Melbourne, Australia, to review worldwide experience with the Utstein definitions and reporting templates. The task force revised the core reporting template and definitions by consensus. Care was taken to build on previous definitions, changing data elements and operational definitions only on the basis of published data and experience derived from those registries that have used Utstein-style reporting. Attention was focused on decreasing the complexity of the existing templates and addressing logistical difficulties in collecting specific core and supplementary (ie, essential and desirable) data elements recommended by previous Utstein consensus conferences. Inconsistencies in terminology between in-hospital and out-of-hospital Utstein templates were also addressed. The task force produced a reporting tool for essential data that can be used for both quality improvement (registries) and research reports and that should be applicable to both adults and children. The revised and simplified template includes practical and succinct operational definitions. It is anticipated that the revised template will enable better and more accurate completion of all reports of cardiac arrest and resuscitation attempts. Problems with data definition, collection, linkage, confidentiality, management, and registry implementation are acknowledged and potential solutions offered. Uniform collection and tracking of registry data should enable better continuous quality improvement within every hospital, emergency medical services system, and community.
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| 3. |
- Jacobs, I, et al.
(author)
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Update and Simplification of the Utstein Templates for Resuscitation Registries : A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From a Task Force of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation
- 2004
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In: Resuscitation. - : Elsevier Ireland Ltd. - 0300-9572 .- 1873-1570. ; 63:3, s. 233-249
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Outcome following cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation is dependent on critical interventions, particularly early defibrillation, effective chest compressions, and advanced life support. Utstein-style definitions and reporting templates have been used extensively in published studies of cardiac arrest, which has led to greater understanding of the elements of resuscitation practice and progress toward international consensus on science and resuscitation guidelines. Despite the development of Utstein templates to standardize research reports of cardiac arrest, international registries have yet to be developed. In April 2002 a task force of ILCOR met in Melbourne, Australia, to review worldwide experience with the Utstein definitions and reporting templates. The task force revised the core reporting template and definitions by consensus. Care was taken to build on previous definitions, changing data elements and operational definitions only on the basis of published data and experience derived from those registries that have used Utstein-style reporting. Attention was focused on decreasing the complexity of the existing templates and addressing logistical difficulties in collecting specific core and supplementary (i.e., essential and desirable) data elements recommended by previous Utstein consensus conference. Inconsistencies in terminology between in-hospital and out-of-hospital Utstein templates were also addressed. The task force produced a reporting tool for essential data that can be used for both quality improvement (registries) and research reports and that should be applicable to both adults and children. The revised and simplified template includes practical and succinct operational definitions. It is anticipated that the revised template will enable better and more accurate completion of all reports of cardiac arrest and resuscitation attempts. Problems with data definition, collection, linkage, confidentiality, management, and registry implementation are acknowledged and potential solutions offered. Uniform collection and tracking of registry data should enable better continuous quality improvement within every hospital, EMS system, and community.
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| 4. |
- Kowal, Paul, et al.
(author)
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Data resource profile : the World Health Organization Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE)
- 2012
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In: International Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press. - 0300-5771 .- 1464-3685. ; 41:6, s. 1639-1649
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Population ageing is rapidly becoming a global issue and will have a major impact on health policies and programmes. The World Health Organization's Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) aims to address the gap in reliable data and scientific knowledge on ageing and health in low- and middle-income countries. SAGE is a longitudinal study with nationally representative samples of persons aged 50+ years in China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russia and South Africa, with a smaller sample of adults aged 18-49 years in each country for comparisons. Instruments are compatible with other large high-income country longitudinal ageing studies. Wave 1 was conducted during 2007-2010 and included a total of 34 124 respondents aged 50+ and 8340 aged 18-49. In four countries, a subsample consisting of 8160 respondents participated in Wave 1 and the 2002/04 World Health Survey (referred to as SAGE Wave 0). Wave 2 data collection will start in 2012/13, following up all Wave 1 respondents. Wave 3 is planned for 2014/15. SAGE is committed to the public release of study instruments, protocols and meta- and micro-data: access is provided upon completion of a Users Agreement available through WHO's SAGE website (www.who.int/healthinfo/systems/sage) and WHO's archive using the National Data Archive application (http://apps.who.int/healthinfo/systems/surveydata).
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| 5. |
- Perkmann, M., et al.
(author)
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Academic engagement and commercialisation: A review of the literature on university-industry relations
- 2013
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In: Research Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-7333 .- 1873-7625. ; 42:2, s. 423-442
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A considerable body of work highlights the relevance of collaborative research, contract research, consulting and informal relationships for university–industry knowledge transfer. We present a systematic review of research on academic scientists’ involvement in these activities to which we refer as ‘academic engagement’. Apart from extracting findings that are generalisable across studies, we ask how academic engagement differs from commercialisation, defined as intellectual property creation and academic entrepreneurship. We identify the individual, organisational and institutional antecedents and consequences of academic engagement, and then compare these findings with the antecedents and consequences of commercialisation. Apart from being more widely practiced, academic engagement is distinct from commercialisation in that it is closely aligned with traditional academic research activities, and pursued by academics to access resources supporting their research agendas. We conclude by identifying future research needs, opportunities for methodological improvement and policy interventions.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- D'Este, P, et al.
(author)
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Mobilising legitimacy through network ties: The relation between network content and innovation
- 2018
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In: EURAM Conference, European Academy of Management, 2018 Conference, 19-22 June, 2018, Reykjavik, Iceland.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This study contributes to advance understanding on the micro-level foundations of the relationship between scientific research and innovation. We adopt a relational approach to scientific research networks through the analysis of the content of network ties, in contrast to more standard network approaches which are grounded on structural features of networks. We argue that the perceived legitimacy afforded through ties within research networks play a critical role in reconciling the conflicting logics of science and innovation. The proposed hypotheses are empirically tested in the context of the Spanish biomedical research system, drawing on a large scale survey of biomedical scientists. Our results indicate that scientists’ acquisition of legitimacy through their research network plays a critical role in the context of the translation from scientific research to technological achievements and innovations. These results confirm that the content of network ties provides a critical perspective into the analysis of network resource mobilization, well beyond the explanatory power of network properties based on structure and composition. Our findings also show that past scientific impact has a reinforcing effect on the relationship between legitimacy acquisition through network ties and innovation. On the contrary, we find that direct interaction with beneficiaries provides an alternative path to reconcile the conflicting logics of science and market, by compensating for the lack of acquired legitimacy from personal research networks.
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| 10. |
- Diaz-Faes, A. A., et al.
(author)
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Assessing the variety of collaborative practices in translational research: An analysis of scientists' ego-networks
- 2023
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In: Research Evaluation. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0958-2029 .- 1471-5449. ; 32:2, s. 426-440
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Translational research policies aim to reshape how biomedical scientists organize, conceive, and conduct science in order to accelerate healthcare improvements and medical innovations. Yet most analyses and evaluations of these initiatives focus on measuring the outputs generated in the different stages of the research process rather than observing scientists' research practices directly. In this article, we analyze the collaboration networks formed by the biomedical scientists participating in a large translational research initiative. Based on data derived from a large-scale survey, we examine the network configurations established by biomedical scientists to advance their research in the context of the CIBER program-a Spanish flagship initiative aimed at supporting translational research. We adopt an ego-network perspective and draw on three network attributes-network diversity, tie strength, and tie content-to understand how scientists use their interpersonal connections to mobilize tangible and intangible resources and enable the translation of scientific knowledge into practical applications. Our cluster analysis identifies a range of scientist profiles: downstream-oriented scientists, upstream-oriented scientists, and brokering scientists. It shows that the scientists participating in the CIBER program deploy different types of collaborative behavior and engage in a variety of medical innovation activities. This suggests that the results achieved by a research program aimed at supporting collaborative networks will depend on the types of networks in which the participating scientists engage. Consequently, evaluations of these programs need to capture collaboration patterns, and should focus primarily on the collaborative process rather than the outputs that emerge from the collaboration.
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| 11. |
- Llopis, O., et al.
(author)
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Navigating multiple logics: Legitimacy and the quest for societal impact in science
- 2022
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In: Technovation. - : Elsevier BV. - 0166-4972. ; 110:February 2022
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Academic scientists are encouraged to pursue research that delivers both scientific and societal impact. This may involve a search for alternative mechanisms of social approval which lead to endorsement of scientists’ research goals. We explore how scientists mobilise and accumulate different forms of legitimacy, which might favour their participation in practices related to innovation and societal impact. We propose three specific sources of scientific legitimacy: i) scientists’ social networks (research-related legitimacy ties), ii) prominence in the relevant academic community (reputation-based legitimacy); and direct contact with the primary beneficiaries of the research (beneficiary-based legitimacy). To explain scientists’ participation in activities oriented towards innovation and societal impact, we test the significance of each of these sources of legitimacy and their potential interplay empirically, using a large sample of Spanish biomedical scientists. © 2021 The Authors
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| 12. |
- Rake, B, et al.
(author)
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Exploring Investigator Networks in Clinical Tripals
- 2018
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In: The ISS 2018 Conference, The International Joseph A. Schumpeter Society Conference, 2-4 July 2018, Seoul, Korea.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The objective of this paper is to explore the endogenous dynamics within a network of clinical trial investigators. Clinical trials provide an ideal context for our study since clinical trial investigators need to collaborate in the management of geographically dispersed clinical trials. Moreover, the interdependent nature of trial-related tasks requires bio-medical knowledge from different (sub-)disciplines (Hoekman et al., 2012; Malterud, 2001; Patel et al., 1999). Since most investigators are trained in one specific scientific discipline but lack knowledge in other disciplines (FitzGerald, 2005), cross-disciplinary collaboration with experienced investigators and professional networks provide opportunities to access the required skills and to transfer knowledge (O‘Connell and Roblin, 2006; Reagans and McEvily, 2003; Uzzi and Lancaster, 2003). In contrast to the large amount of anecdotal evidence within the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industry suggesting that clinical trial investigators can influence the success of clinical research (Huckman and Zinner, 2008), empirical evidence based on sophisticated analyses of investigators’ importance for clinical trials outcomes is quite scarce. This is surprising since the investigators are, as lead scientists of clinical trials, responsible and accountable for how the entire clinical study is conducted (Hoekman et al., 2012). Moreover, the increased access to diverse knowledge enables investigators to balance their knowledge between basic and clinical research which increases the likelihood of clinical trial success in individual as well as collaborative clinical research (Assmus and Haeussler, 2017).
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| 13. |
- Rake, B, et al.
(author)
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Exploring network dynamics in science: the formation of ties to knowledge translators in clinical research
- 2021
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In: Journal of evolutionary economics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0936-9937 .- 1432-1386. ; 31:5, s. 1433-1464
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- From an evolutionary perspective, knowledge networks are self-organizing systems. Therefore, studying changes of these systems requires an understanding of how such changes are influenced by both the behaviors and characteristics of key individual actors and the network structure. We apply this perspective to a network of investigators (i.e. lead scientists) and a sample of 9,543 Phase 2 cancer clinical trials during the period 2002-2012, in order to examine the structure and explore the dynamics of the clinical trial network. Using temporal exponential random graph models, we examine whether preferential attachment, multi-connectivity, or homophily drive the formation of new collaborative relations to knowledge translators - i.e. investigators with basic and clinical research knowledge. Our results suggest that despite some increased connectivity over time the network remains fragmented due to the considerably growing number of investigators in the network. We find that homophily in research fields and investigators’ country of affiliation and heterophily in terms of publication output promote the formation of ties to knowledge translators. We find also that multi-connectivity increases the probability of tie formation with knowledge translators while preferential attachment reduces this probability.
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| 14. |
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