| 1. |
- Ericsson, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Life-course socioeconomic differences and social mobility in preventable and non-preventable mortality : a study of Swedish twins
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press. - 0300-5771 .- 1464-3685. ; 48:5, s. 1701-1709
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundDespite advances in life expectancy, low socioeconomic status is associated with a shorter lifespan. This study was conducted to investigate socioeconomic differences in mortality by comparing preventable with non-preventable causes of death in 39 506 participants from the Swedish Twin Registry born before 1935.MethodsChildhood social class, own education, own social class and social mobility were used as separate indicators of socioeconomic status. These data were linked to the Swedish Cause of Death Register. Cause of death was categorized as preventable or non-preventable mortality according to indicators presented in the Avoidable Mortality in the European Union (AMIEHS) atlas. Using Cox proportional hazard models, we tested the association between the socioeconomic measures and all-cause mortality, preventable mortality and non-preventable mortality. Additional co-twin control analyses indicated whether the associations reflected genetic confounding.ResultsThe social gradient for mortality was most prominent for the adult socioeconomic measures. There was a social gradient in both preventable mortality and non-preventable mortality, but with an indication of a moderately stronger effect in preventable causes of death. In analyses of social mobility, those who experienced life-time low socioeconomic status (SES) or downward social mobility had an increased mortality risk compared with those with life-time high SES and upward social mobility. Adjustments for genetic confounding did not change the observed associations for education, social class or social mobility and mortality. In the co-twin control analyses of reared-apart twins, the association between childhood social class and mortality weakened, indicating possible genetic influences on this association.ConclusionsOur results indicate that there is an association between low adult socioeconomic status and increased mortality independent of genetic endowment. Thus, we do not find support for indirect social selection as the basis for mortality inequalities in Sweden
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Marseglia, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Cognitive Trajectories of Older Adults With Prediabetes and Diabetes : A Population-Based Cohort Study
- 2018
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Ingår i: The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences. - : Oxford University Press. - 1079-5006 .- 1758-535X. ; 73:3, s. 400-406
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Diabetes has been linked to dementia risk; however, the cognitive trajectories in older adults with diabetes remain unclear. We aimed to investigate the effect of prediabetes and diabetes on cognitive trajectories among cognitively intact older adults in a long-term follow-up study.Methods Within the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging, 793 cognitively intact older adults aged ≥50 were identified at baseline and followed for up to 23 years. Based on standardized scores from 11 cognitive tests, administered at baseline and up to seven follow-ups, four cognitive domains (verbal abilities, spatial/fluid, memory, perceptual speed) were identified by principal-component analysis. Prediabetes was defined according to blood glucose levels in diabetes-free participants. Diabetes was ascertained based on self-report, hypoglycemic medication use and blood glucose levels. Data were analyzed with linear mixed-effect models adjusting for potential confounders.Results At baseline, 68 participants (8.6%) had prediabetes and 45 (5.7%) had diabetes. Compared to diabetes-free individuals, people with diabetes had a steeper decline over time in perceptual speed and verbal abilities. The annual declines in these domains were greater than the annual decline in memory. Prediabetes was associated with lower performance in memory in middle-age, but also associated with a less steep memory decline over the follow-up.Conclusions Diabetes is associated with a faster decline in perceptual speed and verbal abilities, while prediabetes is associated with lower memory performance in middle-age. However, the detrimental effects of hyperglycemia seem to not affect memory over time.
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| 4. |
- Bai, Ge, et al.
(författare)
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Frailty trajectories in three longitudinal studies of aging : Is the level or the rate of change more predictive of mortality?
- 2021
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Ingår i: Age and Ageing. - : Oxford University Press. - 0002-0729 .- 1468-2834. ; 50:6, s. 2174-2182
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: frailty shows an upward trajectory with age, and higher levels increase the risk of mortality. However, it is less known whether the shape of frailty trajectories differs by age at death or whether the rate of change in frailty is associated with mortality.OBJECTIVES: to assess population frailty trajectories by age at death and to analyse whether the current level of the frailty index (FI) i.e. the most recent measurement or the person-specific rate of change is more predictive of mortality.METHODS: 3,689 individuals from three population-based cohorts with up to 15 repeated measurements of the Rockwood frailty index were analysed. The FI trajectories were assessed by stratifying the sample into four age-at-death groups: <70, 70-80, 80-90 and >90 years. Generalised survival models were used in the survival analysis.RESULTS: the FI trajectories by age at death showed that those who died at <70 years had a steadily increasing trajectory throughout the 40 years before death, whereas those who died at the oldest ages only accrued deficits from age ~75 onwards. Higher level of FI was independently associated with increased risk of mortality (hazard ratio 1.68, 95% confidence interval 1.47-1.91), whereas the rate of change was no longer significant after accounting for the current FI level. The effect of the FI level did not weaken with time elapsed since the last measurement.CONCLUSIONS: Frailty trajectories differ as a function of age-at-death category. The current level of FI is a stronger marker for risk stratification than the rate of change.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Beam, Christopher R., et al.
(författare)
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Estimating Likelihood of Dementia in the Absence of Diagnostic Data : A Latent Dementia Index in 10 Genetically Informed Studies
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease. - : IOS Press. - 1387-2877 .- 1875-8908. ; 90:3, s. 1187-1201
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Epidemiological research on dementia is hampered by differences across studies in how dementia is classified, especially where clinical diagnoses of dementia may not be available. OBJECTIVE: We apply structural equation modeling to estimate dementia likelihood across heterogeneous samples within a multi-study consortium and use the twin design of the sample to validate the results. METHODS: Using 10 twin studies, we implement a latent variable approach that aligns different tests available in each study to assess cognitive, memory, and functional ability. The model separates general cognitive ability from components indicative of dementia. We examine the validity of this continuous latent dementia index (LDI). We then identify cut-off points along the LDI distributions in each study and align them across studies to distinguish individuals with and without probable dementia. Finally, we validate the LDI by determining its heritability and estimating genetic and environmental correlations between the LDI and clinically diagnosed dementia where available. RESULTS: Results indicate that coordinated estimation of LDI across 10 studies has validity against clinically diagnosed dementia. The LDI can be fit to heterogeneous sets of memory, other cognitive, and functional ability variables to extract a score reflective of likelihood of dementia that can be interpreted similarly across studies despite diverse study designs and sampling characteristics. Finally, the same genetic sources of variance strongly contribute to both the LDI and clinical diagnosis. CONCLUSION: This latent dementia indicator approach may serve as a model for other research consortia confronted with similar data integration challenges.
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| 7. |
- Berglund Kristiansson, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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A qualitative study of older persons’ experiences of getting individual support with digital needs in the context of home ID 281
- 2024
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Ingår i: The first Global Conference on Person-Centred Care. - : University of Gothenburg Centre for Person-Centred Care. - 9789153106708 ; , s. 216-216
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Digitalization is seen as a necessity to manage the increasing burden on the health care system and is accordingly considered an important tool in the transformation to integrated care (Swedish Nära vård). However, when health care is digitalized older persons are at increased risk of being marginalized and dependent on others due to their generally lower digital competence. To address this, several Swedish municipalities offer individual support to older persons in their own home, a service called Digital Coach (DC). As this service is new, the aim is to describe older persons’ experiences of getting individual support with digital needs in the context of home. Method: Semi-structured interviews (n=14) were conducted with older persons who have had DC support in their home. The focus was on older persons’ experiences of the support. Data was analyzed with qualitative content analysis. Results, preliminary: The overall theme, to be a valued person in the digital society, represents a feeling of being taken seriously and worth investing resources in to gain access to society. Three categories emerged: (1) The need to keep up with the times which means to understand and navigate the new digital landscape with the opportunity for independence and participation, (2) Support and respect in the learning situation, is crucial for feeling comfortable to expose insufficient knowledge, and (3) Increased digital competence empowers autonomy and is manifested as the ability to handle the digital tools and services by your own creates a feeling of joy and satisfaction and increases the opportunity to participate in both social and community activities. Conclusion: The result shows that individual support with digital needs in the context of home increase digital competence in older persons and create feelings of being valued and included in the digital society, which can extend to integrated person-centered care.
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| 8. |
- Björklund Carlstedt, Anita, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Older workers and extended working life - Managers' experiences and age management
- 2024
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Ingår i: Work. - : IOS Press. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: In 2020 the Swedish Government started a gradual raising of the retirement age, but employers have been silent on the issue. Little is known about whether and how they reflect on what it will mean for their organization, or whether they already have, or are going to, make arrangements in order to facilitate and motivate older workers to stay longer.OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore and describe managers' experiences of older workers and age management in connection with the increase of the retirement age in Sweden.METHODS: Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with fourteen managers from a broad set of organizations in the public and private sectors, and from the Middle and East of Sweden. The transcribed material was analysed in line with qualitative content analysis.RESULTS: The analysis ended up in seven main categories with associated sub-categories: Older Workers, Retirement Ages, Transition Initiatives, Competence Transfer, Competence Development, Increased Retirement Ages, Knowledge Gaps.CONCLUSION: Our findings reveal that there is an ambivalence in addressing the issue of age among the interviewed managers, what we have interpreted and labelled as "silent age discrimination", and it was shown that they do not have elaborated strategies for age management.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Bokenberger, Kathleen, et al.
(författare)
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Shift work and risk of incident dementia : a study of two population-based cohorts
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Journal of Epidemiology. - : Springer. - 0393-2990 .- 1573-7284. ; 33:10, s. 977-987
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed to investigate the association between shift work and incident dementia in two population-based cohorts from the Swedish Twin Registry (STR). The STR-1973 sample included 13,283 participants born 1926–1943 who received a mailed questionnaire in 1973 that asked about status (ever/never) and duration (years) of shift work employment. The Screening Across the Lifespan Twin (SALT) sample included 41,199 participants born 1900–1958 who participated in a telephone interview in 1998–2002 that asked about night work status and duration. Dementia diagnoses came from Swedish patient registers. Cox proportional-hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Potential confounders such as age, sex, education, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and stroke were included in adjusted models. In genotyped subsamples (n = 2977 in STR-1973; n = 10,366 in SALT), APOE ε4 status was considered in models. A total of 983 (7.4%) and 1979 (4.8%) dementia cases were identified after a median of 41.2 and 14.1 years follow-up in the STR-1973 and SALT sample, respectively. Ever shift work (HR 1.36, 95% CI 1.15–1.60) and night work (HR 1.12, 95% CI 1.01–1.23) were associated with higher dementia incidence. Modest dose-response associations were observed, where longer duration shift work and night work predicted increased dementia risk. Among APOE ε4 carriers, individuals exposed to ≥ 20 years of shift work and night work had increased dementia risk compared to day workers. Findings indicate that shift work, including night shift work, compared to non-shift jobs is associated with increased dementia incidence. Confirmation of findings is needed.
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| 11. |
- Dahl, Anna, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Accuracy of Recalled Body Weight-A Study with 20-years of Follow-Up
- 2013
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Ingår i: Obesity. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1930-7381 .- 1930-739X. ; 21:6, s. 1293-1298
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective:Weight changes may bean important indicator of an ongoing pathological process.Retrospective self-report might be the only possibility to capture prior weight. The objective of the study was to evaluate the accuracy of retrospective recallof body weight in old age and factors that might predict accuracy.Design and Methods:In 2007, 646 participants (mean age, 71.6 years) of the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging (SATSA)answered questions about their present weight and how much they weighed 20-years ago. Of these, 436 had self-reported their weighttwenty years earlier and among these 134 had also had their weight assessed at this time point.Results:Twenty yearretrospectively recalled weight underestimated the prior assessed weight by -1.89 ± 5.9 kg and underestimatedprior self-reported weight by -0.55 ±5.2 kg.Moreover, 82.4% of the sample were accurate within 10%, and 45.8% were accurate within 5% of their prior assessed weights;similarly, 84.2% and 58.0 %were accurate within 10% and 5% respectively, forprior self-reported weight. Current higher body mass index and preferences of reporting weights ending with zero or five was associated with an underestimation of prior weight, while greater weight change over 20 year, and low Mini-Mental State Scores (MMSE) (<25) led to an overestimation of prior weight.Conclusions:Recalled weight comes close to the assessed population mean, but at the individual level there is a large variation. The accuracy is affected by current BMI, changes in weight, end-digit preferences, and current cognitive ability. Recalled weight should be used with caution.
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| 12. |
- Dahl, Anna, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Being overweight in midlife is associated with lower cognitive ability and steeper cognitive decline in late life
- 2010
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Ingår i: The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences. - : Oxford University Press. - 1079-5006 .- 1758-535X. ; 65A:1, s. 57-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Although an increasing body of evidence links being overweight in midlife with an increased risk for dementia in late life, no studies have examined the association between being overweight in midlife and cognitive ability in late life. Our aim was to examine the association between being overweight in midlife as measured by body mass index (BMI) and cognitive ability assessed over time. METHODS: Participants in the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study Aging were derived from a population-based sample. The participants completed baseline surveys in 1963 or 1973 (mean age 41.6 years, range 25-63 years). The surveys included questions about height, weight, diseases, and lifestyle factors. Beginning in 1986, the same individuals were assessed on neuropsychological tests every 3 years (except in 1995) until 2002. During the study period, 781 individuals who were 50 years and older (60% women) had at least one complete neuropsychological assessment. A composite score of general cognitive ability was derived from the cognitive test battery for each measurement occasion. RESULTS: Latent growth curve models adjusted for twinness showed that persons with higher midlife BMI scores had significantly lower general cognitive ability and significantly steeper longitudinal decline than their thinner counterparts. The association did not change substantially when persons who developed dementia during the study period were excluded from the analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Higher midlife BMI scores precede lower general cognitive ability and steeper cognitive decline in both men and women. The association does not seem to be mediated by an increased risk for dementia
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| 13. |
- Dahl, Anna, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Body Mass Index, Change in Body Mass Index, and Survival in Old and Very Old Persons
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of The American Geriatrics Society. - : Wiley. - 0002-8614 .- 1532-5415. ; 61:4, s. 512-518
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives To examine how body mass index (BMI) and change in BMI are associated with mortality in old (7079) and very old (80) individuals. Design Pooled data from three multidisciplinary prospective population-based studies: OCTO-twin, Gender, and NONA. Setting Sweden. Participants Eight hundred eighty-two individuals aged 70 to 95. Measurements BMI was calculated from measured height and weight as kg/m2. Information about survival status and time of death was obtained from the Swedish Civil Registration System. Results Mortality hazard was 20% lower for the overweight group than the normalunderweight group (relative risk (RR)=0.80, P=.011), and the mortality hazard for the obese group did not differ significantly from that of the normalunderweight group (RR=0.93, P=.603), independent of age, education, and multimorbidity. Furthermore, mortality hazard was 65% higher for the BMI loss group than for the BMI stable group (RR=1.65, P<.001) and 53% higher for the BMI gain group than for the BMI stable group (RR=1.53, P=.001). Age moderated the BMI change differences. That is, the higher mortality risks associated with BMI loss and gain were less severe in very old age. Conclusion Old persons who were overweight had a lower mortality risk than old persons who were of normal weight, even after controlling for weight change and multimorbidity. Persons who increased or decreased in BMI had a greater mortality risk than those who had a stable BMI, particularly those aged 70 to 79. This study lends further support to the belief that the World Health Organization guidelines for BMI are overly restrictive in old age.
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| 14. |
- Dahl, Anna, 1975-
(författare)
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Body mass index, cognitive ability, and dementia : prospective associations and methodological issues in late life
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aims of the present study were to investigate the association between overweight and cognitive ability and dementia, and to evaluate the usefulness of self-reported body mass index (BMI) in late life and various data sources commonly used in epidemiological studies to identify persons with dementia. Data were drawn from three population-based studies: the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging (SATSA), Aging in Women and Men: A Longitudinal Study of Gender Differences in Health Behaviour and Health among Elderly (the Gender Study), and the Finnish Lieto Study. In Study I, the agreement between self-reported and measured BMI over time was evaluated among 774 men and women, ages 40 to 88 years at baseline (mean age 63.9) participating in both the questionnaire phase and in-person testing of SATSA. Latent growth curve (LGC) modeling showed a small but significant increase between self-reported and measured BMI (0.02 kg/m2/y) over time, which would probably not affect the results if self-reported BMI were used as a continuous variable in longitudinal research. In Study II, the agreement between dementia diagnoses from various sources and dementia diagnoses set at a consensus conference was evaluated. Among the 498 elderly people ages 70 to 81 at baseline (mean age 74.5) enrolled in the Gender Study, 87 were diagnosed with dementia during an eight-year period. Review of medical records and nurse evaluations yielded the highest sensitivity (0.83 and 0.80, respectively) and a high specificity (0.98 and 0.96), indicating that these sources might be good proxies of dementia, while data extraction from the Swedish Inpatient Discharge Registry underestimated the prevalence of dementia (sensitivity 0.26). In Study III, the association between being overweight in midlife and cognitive ability in late life was examined in SATSA. The 781 participants ages 25 to 63 at baseline (mean age 41.6) in 1963 or 1973 self-reported their height and weight. From 1986 until 2002, they were assessed five times using a cognitive test battery. LGC models showed that people with higher midlife BMI scores had significantly lower cognitive ability and a significantly steeper decline than their thinner counterparts, an association that persisted when those who developed dementia during the study period were excluded from the analysis. This finding indicates that being overweight might affect cognitive ability independently of dementia. In Study IV, the association between BMI and dementia risk in older persons was described among 605 persons without dementia and ages 65 to 92 at baseline (mean age 70.8) in the Lieto Study. Among these, 86 persons were diagnosed with dementia during eight years of follow-up. Cox regression analyses indicated that for each unit increase in BMI score, the risk of dementia decreased 8% (hazard ratio = 0.92, 95% confidence interval = 0.87–0.97) and the association remained significant when individuals who developed dementia during the first four years of follow-up were excluded from the analyses. This result suggests that low BMI scores are present almost a decade before clinical dementia onset.
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| 15. |
- Dahl, Anna K., 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Overweight and obesity in old age are not associated with greater dementia risk
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of The American Geriatrics Society. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0002-8614 .- 1532-5415. ; 56:12, s. 2261-2266
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To describe the association between body mass index (BMI) and dementia risk in older persons.DESIGN: Prospective population‐based study, with 8 years of follow‐up.SETTING: The municipality of Lieto, Finland, 1990/91 and 1998/99.PARTICIPANTS: Six hundred five men and women without dementia aged 65 to 92 at baseline (mean age 70.8).MEASUREMENTS: Weight and height were measured at baseline and at the 8‐year follow‐up. Dementia was clinically assessed according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, criteria.RESULTS: Eighty‐six persons were diagnosed with dementia. Cox regression analyses, adjusted for age, sex, education, cardiovascular diseases, smoking, and alcohol use, indicated that, for each unit increase in BMI score, the risk of dementia decreased 8% (hazard ratio (HR)=0.92, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.87–0.97). This association remained significant when individuals who developed dementia early during the first 4 years of follow‐up were excluded from the analyses (HR=0.93, 95% CI=0.86–0.99). Women with high BMI scores had a lower dementia risk (HR=0.90, 95% CI=0.84–0.96). Men with high BMI scores also tended to have a lower dementia risk, although the association did not reach significance (HR=0.95, 95% CI=0.84–1.07).CONCLUSION: Older persons with higher BMI scores have less dementia risk than their counterparts with lower BMI scores. High BMI scores in late life should not necessarily be considered to be a risk factor for dementia.
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| 16. |
- Dahl, Anna, 1975-
(författare)
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Kan man undvika demens genom en sund och aktiv livsstil?
- 2008
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Ingår i: Svensk Idrottsforskning. - 1103-4629. ; 3, s. 22-26
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- En vanlig föreställning om åldrandet är att de flesta äldre för eller senare blir glömska. Även om hög ålder är en av de största riskfaktorerna för sämre minnesfunktioner, så har merparten av den åldrande befolkningen väl fungerande minne och andra intellektuella funktioner. Faktum kvarstår dock att det finns stora individuella skillnader, en del äldre har mycket gott minne, medan andra inte minns namnen på sina barn eller ens att de har barn. Hur kommer det sig? Beror det på gener, livsstil, eller är det slumpen som avgör vem som drabbas av glömska på ålderns höst?
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Dahl, Anna, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Multifactorial analysis of changes in body mass index across the adult life course: a study with 65 years of follow-up
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Journal of Obesity. - : Springer. - 0307-0565 .- 1476-5497. ; 38:8, s. 1133-1141
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Although the negative consequences on health of being obese are well known, most adults gain weight across the lifespan. The general increase in body mass index (BMI) is mainly considered to originate from behavioral and environmental changes; however, few studies have evaluated the influence of these factors on change in BMI in the presence of genetic risk. We aimed to study the influence of multifactorial causes of change in BMI, over 65 years.Methods and Findings: Totally, 6130 participants from TwinGene, who had up to five assessments, and 536 from the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging, who had up to 12 assessments, ranging over 65 years were included. The influence of lifestyle factors, birth cohort, cardiometabolic diseases and an individual obesity genetic risk score (OGRS) based on 32 single nucleotide polymorphisms on change in BMI was evaluated with a growth model. For both sexes, BMI increased from early adulthood to age of 65 years, after which the increase leveled off; BMI declined after age of 80 years. A higher OGRS, birth after 1925 and cardiometabolic diseases were associated with higher average BMI and a steeper increase in BMI prior to 65 years of age. Among men, few factors were identified that influence BMI trajectories in late life, whereas for women type 2 diabetes mellitus and dementia were associated with a steeper decrease in BMI after the age of 65 years.Conclusions: There are two turning points in BMI in late adulthood, one at the age of 65 years and one at the age 80 years. Factors associated with an increase in BMI in midlife were not associated with an increase in BMI after the age of 65 years. These findings indicate that the causes and consequences of change in BMI differ across the lifespan. Current health recommendations need to be adjusted accordingly.
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| 19. |
- Dahl, Anna, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Obesity and cognitive aging
- 2013
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Ingår i: Epidemiologic reviews. - : Oxford University Press. - 0193-936X .- 1478-6729. ; 35:1, s. 22-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Obesity is a health problem that has reached epidemic proportions. Given the high prevalence of obesity, even a small adverse impact of obesity on cognitive aging might have a serious effect on public health. The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the relation between obesity and cognitive function in late life among persons not diagnosed with dementia and to evaluate the evidence for a causal association. Medline was used to search for the following terms: obesity, overweight, cognition, cognitive, age, and aged. To be included, studies must have had a population-based, dementia-free sample and a 5-year minimum interval between measurement of the predictor and the outcome. Only 11 studies met the criteria. Of these, 7 studies assessed obesity in midlife and cognitive function in later life, and 4 studies assessed obesity and cognitive function in late life. The reviewed studies showed clear evidence that midlife obesity was associated with cognitive aging, whereas this association was weaker in late life; thus, no firm conclusions could be drawn. The findings of this review suggest that, although there is evidence for an association between midlife obesity and low cognitive abilities in late life, the direction of the association and the causality remain to be clarified.
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| 20. |
- Dahl, Anna, 1975-
(författare)
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Response letter to Dr. Hazzard
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of The American Geriatrics Society. - : Wiley. - 0002-8614 .- 1532-5415. ; 57:7, s. 1316-1317
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 21. |
- Dahl Aslan, Anna K., 1975-
(författare)
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Psykologiskt åldrande
- 2020. - 3
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Ingår i: Äldre och åldrande. - Malmö : Gleerups Utbildning AB. - 9789151102689 ; , s. 209-236
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Dybjer, Elin, et al.
(författare)
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Type 1 diabetes, cognitive ability and incidence of cardiovascular disease and death over 60 years of follow-up time in men
- 2022
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Ingår i: Diabetic Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0742-3071 .- 1464-5491. ; 39:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims There are few cohorts of type 1 diabetes that follow individuals over more than half a century in terms of health outcomes. The aim of this study was to examine associations between type 1 diabetes, diagnosed before age 18, and long-term morbidity and mortality, and to investigate whether cognitive ability plays a role in long-term morbidity and mortality risk. Methods In a Swedish cohort, 120 men with type 1 diabetes and 469 without type 1 diabetes were followed between 18 and 77 years of age as regards morbidity and mortality outcomes, and impact of cognitive ability at military conscription for the outcomes. In Cox regression analyses and Kaplan-Meier analyses with log-rank tests, associations between diabetes and cognitive ability respectively, and outcomes (mortality, cardiovascular morbidity and diabetes complications) were investigated. Results Men with type 1 diabetes suffered from dramatically higher mortality (HR 4.62, 95% CI: 3.56-5.60), cardiovascular mortality (HR 5.60, 95% CI: 3.27-9.57), and cardiovascular events (HR 3.97, 95% CI: 2.79-5.64) compared to men without diabetes. Higher cognitive ability at military conscription was associated with lower mortality in men without diabetes, but was not associated with any outcome in men with diabetes. Conclusions In this historical cohort study with 60 years of follow-up time and a less effective treatment of diabetes than today, mortality rates and cardiovascular outcomes were high for men with type 1 diabetes. Morbidity or mortality did not differ between those that had low to normal or high cognitive ability among men with type 1 diabetes.
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| 24. |
- Emery, Charles F., et al.
(författare)
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Bidirectional associations between body mass and bodily pain among middle-aged and older adults
- 2022
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Ingår i: Pain. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0304-3959 .- 1872-6623. ; 163:10, s. 2061-2067
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Higher body mass and obesity are associated with bodily pain, and rates of chronic pain increase among older adults. Most past studies are cross-sectional, precluding determination of the temporal relationship between body mass and pain. A longitudinal study of body mass and pain among middle-aged adults found that higher body mass index (BMI) led to greater lower back pain. No longitudinal study of BMI and pain has been conducted among adults older than 70 years. This study used dual change score models to determine the directional relationship between BMI and bodily pain in a sample of middle-aged and older adults. Participants (n = 1889) from the Swedish Twin Registry (baseline age range 40-93 years) completed at least 1 nurse assessment of BMI and self-report ratings of pain interference and joint pain. Pain interference was not associated with BMI, but joint pain was analyzed in univariate and bivariate models, with dual change score models modeling the relationship of BMI and joint pain across age, both independently and as part of bivariate relationships. The results indicated a reciprocal relationship between BMI and joint pain, but joint pain generally led to changes in BMI. In addition, the relationship changed with age, until approximately age 80 years, increasing joint pain contributed to higher BMI, but after that time increasing joint pain contributed to lower BMI. In addition, sex differences in the relationship between BMI and pain appeared after age 70 years. Thus, joint pain contributes to changes in BMI among middle-aged and older adults, but the relationship may change by age and sex.
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| 25. |
- Emery, Charles F., et al.
(författare)
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Evidence of bi-directional associations between depressive symptoms and body mass among older adults
- 2020
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Ingår i: The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences. - : Oxford University Press. - 1079-5014 .- 1758-5368. ; 75:8, s. 1689-1698
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Body fat, measured with body mass index (BMI), and obesity are associated with depressive symptoms. Among younger adults there is stronger evidence of obesity leading to depressive symptoms than of depressive symptoms leading to obesity, but the temporal relationship is unknown among older adults. This study utilized dual-change-score models (DCSMs) to determine the directional relationship between body mass and depressive symptoms among older adults.METHOD: Participants (n=1743) from the Swedish Twin Registry (baseline age range 50-96 years) completed at least one assessment of BMI (nurse measurement of height and weight) and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale (CESD). More than half the sample completed three or more assessments, scheduled at intervals of 2-4 years. DCSMs modeled the relationship of BMI and CESD across age, both independently and as part of bivariate relationships.RESULTS: Depressive symptoms contributed to subsequent changes in BMI after age 70, while BMI contributed to subsequent changes in depressive symptoms after age 82. Thus, there is a reciprocal relationship that may change with age. The effect was more pronounced for women.DISCUSSION: The association of BMI and depressive symptoms is bi-directional among older adults, and it appears to be affected by both age and sex.
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