| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Bergdahl, Ebba, et al.
(författare)
-
Longitudinal follow-up on vascular morphology and function in children with kidney transplants.
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992). - : Wiley. - 1651-2227 .- 0803-5253. ; 112:3, s. 557-568
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our aim was to evaluate cardiovascular risk profile in 42 children with kidney transplants (KT) at the Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg Sweden.Forty-two children (7.1-18years) with KT, time from transplantation 3.5 (0.9-13) years, were examined at inclusion and annually for three consecutive years. Eighteen matched controls were examined once. Cardiovascular phenotyping included ultra-high frequency ultrasound (UHFUS), pulse wave velocity (PWV) and endothelial function.Children with KT had higher body mass index (BMI) z-score and blood pressure (BP) z-score than healthy controls (BMI z-score: 0.4 ±1.0 and -0.2 ±0.9, respectively, p=0.02; SBP z-score: 0.5 ± 0.9 and -0.8 ± 0.7; DBP z-score: 0.7 ± 0.7 and -0.3 ± 0.5, respectively, p<0.001). BP z-score decreased significantly over three years, other vascular markers remained unchanged. PWV and Carotid intima thickness (IT) was higher in children with KT compared to healthy controls. Children with preemptive KT had lower radial IT and dorsal pedal media thickness (MT) compared to children with preceding dialysis.Children with KT show increased cardiovascular risk parameters, not increasing over time. Children on dialysis before KT have more pronounced vascular changes than those with preemptive KT, suggesting preemptive transplantation more beneficial for cardiovascular health.
|
|
| 4. |
- Chen, Yun, 1966, et al.
(författare)
-
Age- and sex-related differences in vascular function and vascular response to mental stress Longitudinal and cross-sectional studies in a cohort of healthy children and adolescents.
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1484 .- 0021-9150. ; 220:1, s. 269-274
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Limited data, especially from longitudinal studies, are available regarding vascular health assessment in childhood. In this study, we performed longitudinal and cross-sectional studies in healthy children and adolescents to investigate age- and sex-related differences in vascular functions and vascular response to mental stress. Methods: Pulse wave velocity (PWV) was measured by tonometry. Endothelial function and vascular response to mental arithmetic test were assessed using a peripheral artery tonometry device. Data were obtained in 162 adolescents (mean age of 17 years, 94 girls) in a 3-year follow-up study and 241 children (mean age of 10 years, 115 girls) in a first-time investigation. Physical activity was assessed in adolescents by a self-report questionnaire. Results: Our 3-year follow-up study revealed that the increased PWV was greater in male adolescents (0.79 ± 0.79 m/s) than in females (0.27 ± 0.89 m/s, p < 0.001). Adolescents who reported decreased physical activity over the 3-year period had increased arterial stiffness. Comparing the cross-sectional data, we found that sex-related differences in reactive hyperemic response was more apparent by evaluating the overall response curve than measuring the reactive hyperemic index from one arbitrary time point, with lower peak response and smaller area-under-curve found in boys. Moreover, we found that, in response to mental stress, male adolescents had a more vasoconstrictive response, followed by a less vasodilatory response, and needed longer time to return to baseline level than the females. Conclusion: These findings suggest that boys are likely to have adverse changes in vascular health earlier than the age-matched girls.
|
|
| 5. |
- Chen, Yun, 1966, et al.
(författare)
-
Association between childhood BMI trajectories and cardiometabolic risk and mental health problems at the age of 13 years: the cohort STudy of Adolescence Resilience and Stress (STARS)
- 2023
-
Ingår i: The Lancet. Global health. - 2214-109X. ; 11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Research on BMI trajectories has been focused mainly on childhood and adolescence, missing birth and infancy, which are also relevant in the development of cardiometabolic disease in adulthood. We aimed to identify trajectories of BMI from birth throughout childhood, and to examine whether BMI trajectories predict health outcomes at the age of 13 years; and, if so, whether differences exist among trajectories regarding timeframes during which BMI in early life influences health outcomes. METHODS: Participants recruited from schools in the Västra Götaland region of Sweden completed questionnaires of perceived stress and psychosomatic symptoms and were examined for the following cardiometabolic risk factors: BMI, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, pulse-wave velocity, and white blood cell counts. We collected ten retrospective measures of weight and height, from birth to the age of 12 years. Participants with at least five measures (at birth, one at age 6-18 months, two at age 2-8 years, and one at age 10-13 years) were included in the analyses. We used group-based trajectory modelling to identify BMI trajectories, ANOVA to compare different trajectories, and linear regression to assess associations. FINDINGS: We recruited 1902 participants (829 [44%] boys and 1073 [56%] girls, median age 13·6 years (IQR 13·3-13·8). We identified and named three BMI trajectories, and categorised participants accordingly: normal gain (847 [44%] participants), moderate gain (815 [43%] participants), and excessive gain (240 [13%] participants). Differences distinguishing these trajectories were established before the age of 2 years. After adjustments for sex, age, migrant background, and parental income, respondents with excessive gain had a higher waist circumference (mean difference 19·2 cm [95% CI 18·4-20·0]), higher systolic blood pressure (mean difference 3·6 mm Hg [95% CI 2·4-4·4]), more white blood cells (mean difference 0·7×10⁹ cells per L [95% CI 0·4-0·9]), and higher stress scores (mean difference 1·1 [95% CI 0·2-1·9]), but similar pulse-wave velocity compared with adolescents with normal gain. Higher waist circumference (mean difference 6·4 cm [95% CI 5·8-6·9]), higher systolic blood pressure (mean difference 1·8 mm Hg [95% CI 1·0-2·5]), and a higher stress score (mean difference 0·7 [95% CI 0·1-1·2]) were also found in adolescents with moderate gain, compared with adolescents with normal gain. Regarding timeframes, we observed that a significant positive correlation of early life BMI with systolic blood pressure started approximately at the age 6 years for participants with excessive gain, much earlier than for participants with normal gain and moderate gain, for which it started at the age of 12 years. For waist circumference, white blood cell counts, stress, and psychosomatic symptoms, the timeframes were similar across the three BMI trajectories. INTERPRETATION: Excessive gain BMI trajectory from birth can predict both cardiometabolic risk and stress and psychosomatic symptoms in adolescents before the age of 13 years.
|
|
| 6. |
- Chen, Yun, 1978, et al.
(författare)
-
Childhood BMI trajectories predict cardiometabolic risk and perceived stress at age 13 years: the STARS cohort
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Obesity. - 1930-7381 .- 1930-739X.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The aim of this study was to examine BMI trajectories from birth throughout childhood, associations with health outcomes at age 13 years, and time frames during which early-life BMI influenced adolescent health. Methods: Participants (1902, 44% male) reported perceived stress and psychosomatic symptoms and were examined for waist circumference (WC), systolic blood pressure (SBP), pulse wave velocity, and white blood cell counts (WBC). BMI trajectory was analyzed using group-based trajectory modeling of retrospective data of weight/height from birth throughout childhood. The authors performed linear regression to assess associations between BMI trajectories and health outcomes at age 13 years, presented as estimated mean differences with 95% CI among trajectories. Results: Three BMI trajectories were identified: normal; moderate; and excessive gain. Adjusting for covariates, adolescents with excessive gain had higher WC (19.2 [95% CI: 18.4–20.0] cm), SBP (3.6 [95% CI: 2.4–4.4] mm Hg), WBC (0.7 [95% CI: 0.4–0.9] × 109/L), and stress (1.1 [95% CI: 0.2–1.9]) than adolescents with normal gain. Higher WC (6.4 [95% CI: 5.8–6.9] cm), SBP (1.8 [95% CI: 1.0–2.5] mm Hg), and stress (0.7 [95% CI: 0.1–1.2]) were found in adolescents with moderate versus normal gain. The association of early-life BMI with SBP started around age 6 years with the excessive gain group, which was earlier than in the normal and moderate gain groups, in which it started at age 12 years. Conclusions: An excessive gain BMI trajectory from birth predicts cardiometabolic risk and stress in 13-year-old individuals.
|
|
| 7. |
- Chen, Yun, 1966, et al.
(författare)
-
High levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, insulin resistance and saturated fatty acids are associated with endothelial dysfunction in healthy adolescents.
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1484 .- 0021-9150. ; 211:2, s. 638-42
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Atherosclerosis begins and progresses during childhood and adolescence. Endothelial dysfunction is one of the earliest abnormalities that can be detected in the development of atherosclerosis. As the determinants of endothelial function in childhood are unknown, we investigated the influence of cardiovascular risk factors on endothelial function in a cohort of healthy adolescents. METHODS: A total of 257 adolescents (age: 14.5+/-1.0 years, 138 girls) participated in this study. Endothelial function was measured as reactive hyperemic index (RHI) using a fingertip peripheral arterial tonometry device. Blood samples were collected for analysis of lipids, insulin, glucose, fatty acid composition of plasma phospholipids, and markers of inflammation and endothelial function. RESULTS: There was no gender difference in RHI. Boys had higher plasma level of vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), P-selectin and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and lower level of insulin, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL), ApoA1, ApoB, and docosahexaenoic acid of plasma phospholipids than girls. There was no gender difference regarding triacylglycerol, triacylglycerol/HDL, LDL/HDL and ApoB/ApoA. The RHI was inversely associated with plasma ICAM-1 (p=0.0003), HOMA index for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR, p=0.001) and saturated fatty acids of plasma phospholipids (SFA, p=0.001). The associations remained significant after adjusting for age, height, BMI-z-score, sex, blood pressure, HDL and smoking. CONCLUSION: In healthy adolescents impaired endothelial function is significantly associated with high level of soluble ICAM-1, HOMA-IR and SFA.
|
|
| 8. |
- Chen, Yun, 1966, et al.
(författare)
-
Impact of psychological health on peripheral endothelial function and the HPA-axis activity in healthy adolescents
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9150 .- 1879-1484. ; 261, s. 131-137
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aims: The development of adolescence psychological health over a 3-year period and its relationship to peripheral endothelial function and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis activity were examined in a cohort of healthy adolescents in a longitudinal study. Methods: A total of 162 adolescents (94 females) participated in both baseline (mean age 14.5 +/- 1 years) and three-year follow-up studies. Psychological health was evaluated by self-report using the Beck Youth Inventories of Emotional and Social Impairment and the psychosomatic problem scale. Peripheral endothelial function was assessed using a peripheral artery tonometry device. The HPA-axis activity measured as cortisol awakening response (CAR) was assessed only at follow-up by collecting two saliva samples, immediately after awakening and 15 min later. Physical activity, smoking and parental education were assessed by questionnaires. Results: Adolescents reported increased depression and decreased anger over three years, while only females reported increased psychosomatic complaints. Reduced peripheral endothelial function was associated with high level of anger (beta = -0.332, p = 0.018) and disruptive behaviour (beta = -0.390, p = 0.006) over three years in males, but not in females, after adjusting for covariates. Blunted cortisol awakening response was associated with high level of anxiety (beta = -0.235, p = 0.017), depression (beta = -0.203, p = 0.038), anger (beta = -0.185, p = 0.048), and low level of self-concept (beta = 0.289, p = 0.002) after adjusting for covariates. Conclusions: High level of negative emotions during adolescence may have adverse effects on peripheral endothelial function and the regulation of the HPA- axis activity, while high level of self- concept might be protective. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 9. |
- Chiesa, Scott T, et al.
(författare)
-
Determinants of Intima-Media Thicknessin the Young: The ALSPAC Study.
- 2021
-
Ingår i: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging. - : Elsevier BV. - 1876-7591 .- 1936-878X. ; 14:2, s. 468-478
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study characterized the determinants of carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) in a large (n > 4,000) longitudinal cohort of healthy young people age 9 to 21 years.Greater cIMT is commonly used in the young as a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis, but its evolution at this age is still poorly understood.Associations between cardiovascular risk factors and cIMT were investigated in both longitudinal (ages 9 to 17 years) and cross-sectional (ages 17 and 21 years) analyses, with the latter also related to other measures of carotid structure and stress. Additional use of ultra-high frequency ultrasound in the radial artery at age 21 years allowed investigation of the distinct layers (i.e., intima or media) that may underlie observed differences.Fat-free mass (FFM) and systolic blood pressure were the only modifiable risk factors positively associated with cIMT (e.g., mean difference in cIMT per 1-SD increase in FFM at age 17: 0.007mm: 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.004 to 0.010; p<0.001), whereas fat mass was negatively associated with cIMT (difference:-0.0032; 95%CI: 0.004 to-0.001; p=0.001). Similar results were obtained when investigating cumulative exposure to these factors throughout adolescence. An increase in cIMT maintained circumferential wall stress in the face of increased mean arterial pressure when increases in body mass were attributable to increased FFM, but not fat mass. Risk factor-associated differences in the radial artery occurred in the media alone, and there was little evidence of a relationship between intimal thickness and any risk factor.Subtle changes in cIMT in the young may predominantly involve the media and represent physiological adaptations as opposed to subclinical atherosclerosis. Other vascular measures might be more appropriate for the identification of arterial disease before adulthood.
|
|
| 10. |
- Chikritzhs, Tanya, et al.
(författare)
-
Pregnancy, partners and alcohol warning labels.
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Addiction (Abingdon, England). - : Wiley. - 1360-0443 .- 0965-2140. ; 116:8, s. 1949-1951
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 11. |
- Dangardt, Frida, 1977, et al.
(författare)
-
Alcohol, pregnancy and infant health– a shared responsibility : Alcohol and Society 2020
- 2020
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Konsekvenser av exponering för alkohol i samband med graviditet • Exponering för alkohol under graviditeten är den vanligaste orsaken till förebyggbar utvecklingsstörning för barn i Sverige och i hela världen. Den uppskattas påverka 1–5 procent av alla födslar per år. • Den mest välkända konsekvensen av exponering för alkohol under fosterlivet är fetalt alkoholsyndrom (FAS), som omfattar kognitiva störningar, förändrat utseende, försämrad tillväxt och skador på det centrala nervsystemet. • Antalet nya fall av FAS i Sverige har uppskattats till cirka 0,1–0,3 procent av alla födslar, eller ca 100–300 fall per år, och för FASD till ca 1–3 procent. Samhällskostnaden för FAS i Sverige har lågt uppskattats till 14 miljarder kronor per år. • Kraftig alkoholkonsumtion är en fastslagen riskfaktor för ett flertal negativa konsekvenser, bland annat missfall, dödfödsel, för tidig födsel, försämrad fostertillväxt, låg födelsevikt och plötslig spädbarnsdöd. Även låg till måttlig alkoholkonsumtion ökar risken för vissa negativa konsekvenser. • Även om hjärnan är det organ som drabbas allvarligast av exponering för alkohol i fosterstadiet kan också missbildningar i hjärtat, njurarna, levern, matsmältningskanalen och hormonsystemet förekomma. • Effekterna av exponering för alkohol under fostertiden är större än från tobak, andra psykoaktiva ämnen och andra farliga ämnen som bly eller strålning. • Möjliga orsaksmekanismer är bland andra alkoholorsakad celldöd i hjärnan och skador på DNA i omogna manliga och kvinnliga könsceller, som kan ge ärftliga förändringar, det vill säga skador som kan föras vidare till kommande generationer. Alkohol efter förlossning • Alkohol ökar inte mjölkproduktionen och den är förknippad med att sluta amma tidigare. Alkohol framstår som en riskfaktor för plötslig spädbarnsdöd, särskilt när föräldrarna sover tillsammans med barnet. • Säker kunskap om effekter av låg alkoholkonsumtion under amningsperioden saknas. Även låg exponering för alkohol kan påverka barnets sömn och reducera mjölkproduktionen hos modern. Med tillämpning av försiktighetsprincipen bedöms det säkrast att undvika alkoholexponering under amningsperioden. För de som väljer att dricka bedöms dock risken av att dricka ett standardglas alkohol 2 timmar före amning som låg. Alkoholkonsumtion kring tiden för graviditet • Det är naturligt att tänka sig att alkohol och graviditet är ett problem som är begränsat till graviditeten och enbart berör kvinnor. Ingetdera är korrekt. Alkoholens påverkan på gravida kvinnor och deras barn har ett samband med alkoholkonsumtion både bland män och icke-gravida kvinnor i hela befolkningen. • Över 80 procent av svenska kvinnor dricker alkohol under året före graviditeten och 14 procent dricker mycket. I allmänhet är det få kvinnor som minskar sin konsumtion innan de har fått besked om att de är gravida. • Mäns alkoholkonsumtion innan graviditeten kan ge skador på fostret och möjligen också på följande generationer genom förändringar av spermiernas arvsmassa.
|
|
| 12. |
- Dangardt, Frida, 1977, et al.
(författare)
-
Association between fat mass through adolescence and arterial stiffness: a population-based study from The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Lancet Child & Adolescent Health. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-4642. ; 3:7, s. 474-481
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The link between adiposity, metabolic abnormalities, and arterial disease progression in children and adolescents remains poorly defined. We aimed to assess whether persistent high adiposity levels are associated with increased arterial stiffness in adolescence and any mediation effects by common metabolic risk factors. Methods We included participants from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) who had detailed adiposity measurements between the ages 9-17 years and arterial stiffness (carotid to femoral pulse wave velocity [PWV]) measured at age 17 years. Body-mass index (BMI) and waist-to-height ratio were calculated from weight, height, and waist circumference measurements whereas fat mass was assessed using repeated dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scans. We used total and trunk fat mass indices (FMIs) to classify participants as normal (< 75th percentile) or high (> 75th percentile) FMI. We classified participants as being metabolically unhealthy if they had three or more of the following risk factors: high levels of systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, or glucose (all > 75th percentile) or low levels of high-density lipoprotein (< 25th percentile). We used multivariable linear regression analysis to assess the relationship between PWV and exposure to adiposity, and tested for linear trend of PVW levels across ordinal groups. We used latent class growth mixture modelling analysis to assess the effect of longitudinal changes in adiposity indices through adolescence on arterial stiffness. Findings We studied 3423 participants (1866 [54.5%] female and 1557 [45.5%] male). Total fat mass was positively associated with PWV at age 17 years (0.004 m/s per kg, 95% CI 0.001-0.006; p= 0.0081). Persistently high total FMI and trunk FMI between ages 9 and 17 years were related to greater PWV (0.15 m/s per kg/m(2), 0.05-0.24; p= 0.0044 and 0.15 m/s per kg/m(2), 0.06-0.25; p= 0.0021) compared with lower FMI. Metabolic abnormalities amplified the adverse effect of high total FMI on arterial stiffness (PWV 6.0 m/s [95% CI 5.9-6.0] for metabolically healthy participants and 6.2 m/s [5.9-6.4] for metabolically unhealthy participants). Participants who restored normal total FMI in adolescence (PWV 5.8 m/s [5.7-5.9] for metabolically healthy and 5.9 m/s [5.6-6.1] for metabolically unhealthy) had comparable PWV to those who had normal FMI throughout (5.7 m/s [5.7-5.8] for metabolically healthy and 5.9 m/s [5.8-5.9] for metabolically unhealthy). Interpretation Persistently high fat mass during adolescence was associated with greater arterial stiffness and was further aggravated by an unfavourable metabolic profile. Reverting to normal FMI in adolescence was associated with normal PWV, suggesting adolescence as an important period for interventions to tackle obesity in the young to maximise long-term vascular health. Copyright (C) 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
|
|
| 13. |
- Dangardt, Frida, 1977
(författare)
-
Cardiovascular and metabolic control in obese children and adolescents
- 2008
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Childhood obesity is an emerging risk factor for disease and mortality worldwide. The cardiovascular consequences and prevention thereof need to be further investigated. Exercise and weight loss are well examined and effective in the prevention of cardiovascular risk, but warrant well motivated patients with strong social support. The benefits of a diet rich in marine essential (n-3) fatty acids on cardiovascular risk in adults such as prevention of arrhythmias, lowering blood pressure and heart rate, decreasing platelet aggregation and lowering triglyceride levels are well known. The aims of this thesis were to characterize the vascular changes and cardiac autonomic function in obese children compared to lean subjects and to test whether supplementation with n-3 fatty acids may improve the vascular and metabolic risk profile in obese adolescents. Very high resolution ultrasound, pulse wave velocity measurements, baroreceptor sensitivity measurements and exercise tests were performed in order to characterize vascular changes and autonomic control in obese compared to lean children and adolescents. Supplementation with 1,2 g/day of n-3 fatty acids was tested in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial with a double-blind, cross-over design. Blood samples and anthropometric measurements were taken before the start of treatment and after each 3 month treatment period. At the end of each treatment period, muscle and adipose tissue biopsies were obtained; insulin sensitivity and vascular function were tested. Obese children show increased intimal wall thickness in radial artery, increased vascular diameter in peripheral arteries and decreased pulse wave velocity compared to lean subjects. Obese children and adolescents also show cardiac autonomic dysfunction in terms of decreased baroreceptor sensitivity, decreased maximal exercise heart rate and greater heart rate increase during the first minute of exercise, indicating moderate cardiac autonomic dysfunction. After 3 months supplementation with marine fatty acids, n-3 fatty acid content of phospholipids in serum, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue increased. Vascular function measured as vasodilatory response to hyperaemia was improved, and the number of lymphocytes and monocytes was lowered. In females, insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance improved after n-3 fatty acid supplementation. In conclusion, obese children show signs of increased risk for cardiovascular disease in terms of increased intimal wall thickness and cardiac autonomic dysfunction. It is possible to modify this increased risk in obese adolescents by supplementing with n-3 fatty acids, which improves vascular function, decreases subclinical inflammation and improves insulin sensitivity.
|
|
| 14. |
- Dangardt, Frida, 1977, et al.
(författare)
-
High physiological omega-3 Fatty Acid supplementation affects muscle Fatty Acid composition and glucose and insulin homeostasis in obese adolescents.
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Journal of nutrition and metabolism. - : Hindawi Limited. - 2090-0732 .- 2090-0724. ; 2012
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Obese adolescents have high concentrations of saturated fatty acids and low omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCUFAs) in plasma phospholipids. We aimed to investigate effects of omega-3 LCPUFA supplementation to obese adolescents on skeletal muscle lipids and glucose and insulin homeostasis. Twenty-five obese adolescents (14-17 years old, 14 females) completed a randomized double-blind crossover study supplying capsules containing either 1.2g omega-3 LCPUFAs or placebo, for 3 months each with a six-week washout period. Fasting blood glucose, insulin, leptin, adiponectin, and lipids were measured. Intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) and euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp were performed, and skeletal muscle biopsies were obtained at the end of each period. The concentrations of EPA, DHA, and total omega-3 PUFA in muscle phospholipids increased in both sexes. In the females, omega-3 LCPUFA supplementation improved glucose tolerance by 39% (P = 0.04) and restored insulin concentration by 34% (P = 0.02) during IVGTT. Insulin sensitivity improved 17% (P = 0.07). In males, none of these parameters was influenced by omega-3 supplementation. Thus, three months of supplementation of omega-3 LCPUFA improved glucose and insulin homeostasis in obese girls without influencing body weight.
|
|
| 15. |
- Dangardt, Frida, 1977, et al.
(författare)
-
Increased Rate of Arterial Stiffening with Obesity in Adolescents: A Five-Year Follow-Up Study
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Plos One. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 8:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background We prospectively and longitudinally determined the effects of childhood obesity on arterial stiffening and vascular wall changes. Changes in arterial stiffness measured as pulse wave velocity (PWV) and vascular morphology of the radial (RA) and dorsal pedal arteries (DPA) were examined in obese adolescents compared to lean subjects in a 5-year follow-up study. Methodology/Principal Findings A total of 28 obese subjects and 14 lean controls participated in both baseline (14 years old) and follow-up studies. PWV was measured by tonometer (SphygmoCor®) and recorded at RA and carotid artery, respectively. Intima thickness (IT), intima-media thickness (IMT) and RA and DPA diameters were measured using high-resolution ultrasound (Vevo 770™). Over the course of 5 years, PWV increased by 25% in the obese subjects as compared to 3% in the controls (p = 0.01). Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) increased by 23% in the obese subjects as opposed to 6% in controls (p = 0.009). BMI increased similarly in both groups, as did the IT and IMT. The change in PWV was strongly associated to the baseline BMI z -score (r = 0.51, p<0.001), as was the change in DBP (r = 0.50, p = 0.001). Conclusions/Significance During the transition from early to late adolescence, there was a general increase in arterial stiffness, which was aggravated by childhood obesity. The increase in arterial stiffness and DBP after 5 years was closely correlated to the baseline BMI z -score, indicating that childhood obesity has an adverse impact on vascular adaptation.
|
|
| 16. |
- Dangardt, Frida, 1977, et al.
(författare)
-
Intimal and medial arterial changes defined by ultra-high-frequency ultrasound: Response to changing risk factors in children with chronic kidney disease
- 2018
-
Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 13:6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are exposed to both traditional 'Framingham' and uremia related cardiovascular risk factors that drive atherosclerotic and arteriosclerotic disease, but these cannot be differentiated using conventional ultrasound. We used ultrahigh-frequency ultrasound (UHFUS) to differentiate medial thickness (MT) from intimal thickness (IT) in CKD patients, identify their determinants and monitor their progression. Fifty-four children and adolescents with CKD and 12 healthy controls underwent UHFUS measurements using 55-70MHz transducers in common carotid and dorsal pedal arteries. Annual follow-up imaging was performed in 31 patients. CKD patients had higher carotid MT and dorsal pedal IT and MT compared to controls. The carotid MT in CKD correlated with serum phosphate (p<0.001, r = 0.42), PTH (p = 0.03, r = 0.36) and mean arterial pressure (p = 0.03, r = 0.34). Following multivariable analysis, being on dialysis, serum phosphate levels and mean arterial pressure remained the only independent predictors of carotid MT (R-2 64%). Transplanted children had lower carotid and dorsal pedal MT compared to CKD and dialysis patients (p = 0.02 and p = 0.01 respectively). At 1-year follow-up, transplanted children had a decrease in carotid MT (p = 0.01), but an increase in dorsal pedal IT (p = 0.04) that independently correlated with annualized change in BMI. Using UHFUS, we have shown that CKD is associated with exclusively medial arterial changes that attenuate when the uremic milieu is ameliorated after transplantation. In contrast, after transplantation intimal disease develops as hypertension and obesity become prevalent, representing rapid vascular remodeling in response to a changing cardiovascular risk factor profile.
|
|
| 17. |
|
|
| 18. |
|
|
| 19. |
- Dangardt, Frida, 1977, et al.
(författare)
-
Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation improves vascular function and reduces inflammation in obese adolescents.
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1484 .- 0021-9150. ; 212:2, s. 580-5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Compared to normal weight adolescents, obese adolescents have lower serum omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) concentrations, augmented inflammatory activity and endothelial dysfunction. We wanted to assess whether n-3 supplementation increases the serum n-3 PUFA concentration, improves vascular function and morphology, and lowers inflammation in obese adolescents.
|
|
| 20. |
- Dangardt, Frida, 1977, et al.
(författare)
-
Reduced cardiac vagal activity in obese children and adolescents
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging. - 1475-0961. ; 31:2, s. 108-13
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Obese children present with various cardiovascular risk factors affecting their future health. In adults, cardiac autonomic function is a major risk factor, predicting cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. We hypothesized that obese children and adolescents had a lower cardiac vagal activity than lean subjects. We measured cardiac spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), reflecting the dynamic regulation of cardiac vagal function, in large groups of obese and lean young individuals. METHODS AND RESULTS: Cardiac BRS, using the sequence approach, was assessed in 120 obese (59 girls), 43 overweight (23 girls) and 148 lean subjects (78 girls). Obese subjects showed a decreased BRS compared to both overweight and lean subjects [16+/-7 versus 21+/-9 (P<0.01) and 22+/-10 ms per mmHg (P<0.0001), respectively]. The differences remained after correcting for age, gender and pubertal status. CONCLUSION: Children with obesity had low vagal activity at rest, and there was no gender difference.
|
|
| 21. |
- Framme, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
-
24-h Systolic blood pressure and heart rate recordings in lean and obese adolescents
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Clin Physiol Funct Imaging. - 1475-0961. ; 26:4, s. 235-9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: We assessed the hypothesis that differences in day and night-time systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate (HR) recordings were smaller in obese versus lean children and adolescents, and whether measurements obtained during a school week or during weekends or holidays influenced these nocturnal falls. We also wanted to determine whether the results were influenced by gender. METHODS: Ambulatory 24-h BP and HR measurements were performed in 80 subjects, 51 girls and 29 boys. Lean (n = 25) and obese (n = 55) subjects were classified according to body mass index (BMI)-standard deviation (SD) criteria. Forty-eight subjects had their 24-h recordings performed during a school week and 32 during leisure time. RESULTS: The SBP nocturnal dipping response was less pronounced in obese subjects (16.2 +/- 6.3 mmHg) compared with lean controls (21.1 +/- 5.7 mmHg) (P < 0.01) of which the girls constituted most of the difference. HR change between day and night was similar in both groups being approximately 15 b/min. A small but statistical negative correlation was observed between BMI-SD and nocturnal fall in SBP (r = -0.3, P = 0.0065). In all subjects, regardless of BMI-SD, daytime SBP was higher when readings were obtained during a school week (123 +/- 7 mmHg) than during weekends or holidays (119 +/- 7 mmHg) (P = 0.029). CONCLUSION: Obese children and adolescents showed smaller nocturnal falls in SBP compared with lean subjects. This pattern may cause increased cardiovascular loading; thus, it may reflect an early sign of high blood pressure development and adds to cardiovascular risk in young obese individuals.
|
|
| 22. |
- Ladfors, S. W., et al.
(författare)
-
Longitudinal Follow-Up on Cardiopulmonary Exercise Capacity Related to Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors in Children With Renal Transplants
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Sports and Active Living. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2624-9367. ; 3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Children with chronic kidney disease, including those treated with kidney transplantation (KT), have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to examine the cardiopulmonary exercise capacity after KT compared to matched controls, to relate the results to physical activity, blood pressure and biochemical findings and to follow exercise capacity over time. & nbsp; Methods: Patients with KT (n = 38, age 7.7-18 years), with a mean time from transplantation of 3.7 years (0.9-13.0) and mean time in dialysis 0.8 years, were examined at inclusion and annually for up to three years. Healthy controls (n = 17, age 7.3-18.6 years) were examined once. All subjects underwent a cardiopulmonary exercise test, resting blood pressure measurement, anthropometry and activity assessment. Patients also underwent echocardiography, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), 24-h ambulatory BP measurements (ABPM), assessment of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and blood sampling annually. & nbsp; Results: As compared to healthy controls, KT patients showed decreased exercise capacity measured both as VO2peak (34.5 vs. 43.9 ml/kg/min, p < 0.001) and maximal load (2.6 vs. 3.5 W/kg, p < 0.0001), similarly as when results were converted to z-scores. No significant difference was found in weight, but the KT patients were shorter and had higher BMI z-score than controls, as well as increased resting SBP and DBP z-scores. The patient or parent reported physical activity was significantly lower in the KT group compared to controls (p < 0.001) In the combined group, the major determinants for exercise capacity z-scores were activity score and BMI z-score (beta = 0.79, p < 0.0001 and beta = -0.38, p = 0.007, respectively). Within the KT group, low exercise capacity was associated with high fat mass index (FMI), low activity score, low GFR and high blood lipids. In the multivariate analysis FMI and low GFR remained predictors of low exercise capacity. The longitudinal data for the KT patients showed no change in exercise capacity z-scores over time. & nbsp; Conclusion: Patients with KT showed decreased exercise capacity and increased BP as compared to healthy controls. Exercise capacity was associated to GFR, physical activity, FMI and blood lipids. It did not improve during follow-up.
|
|
| 23. |
- Lagerstrand, Kerstin M, et al.
(författare)
-
Treatment decision in a 4-year-old-boy with left ventricular outpouching after advanced hemodynamical flow evaluation with 4Dflow CMR: A case report.
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in pediatrics. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-2360. ; 10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The present study presents a diagnostic course for the characterization of a congenital left ventricular outpouching (LVO) in a 4-year-old boy with severe neonatal heart failure, evaluating the added value of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) 4Dflow. Case presentation: A boy, born at full term, presented with heart failure immediately after birth. Echocardiography showed dilated left ventricle with poor function and LVO was initially interpreted as an aneurysm. No infection, inflammation, or other cause for heart failure was found. With intensive medical treatment, the heart function returned to normal, and eventually, all medication was terminated. At follow-up, surgical treatment of the LVO was discussed but after CMR 4Dflow, a thorough evaluation of the function of the left ventricle as well as the LVO was possible and the LVO was determined a double-chambered left ventricle with a good prognosis. Conclusions: The present case demonstrates the clinical usability of CMR 4Dflow for improved decision-making and risk assessment, revealing advanced hemodynamic flow patterns with no need for operation.
|
|
| 24. |
- Magnusson, Ylva, 1967, et al.
(författare)
-
Lipid imaging of human skeletal muscle using TOF-SIMS with bismuth cluster ion as a primary ion source.
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Clinical physiology and functional imaging. - 1475-0961 .- 1475-097X. ; 28:3, s. 202-9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intramyocellular lipids are of importance in lipid-related diseases. The techniques in this field are limited because of a lack of adequate tools for localization of various lipids. The most usual methods for the localization of lipid distribution in the skeletal muscle are histochemistry and fluorescence probes. Different chromatography methods and mass spectrometry techniques have also been used for lipid identification. Our aim was to localize the spatial distribution of lipids in their native forms by using static time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS). Human percutaneous skeletal muscle biopsies were obtained from the middle part of the lateral vastus muscle in the right leg of healthy adolescents with a body mass index >30. Samples were prepared by high-pressure freezing, freeze-fracturing and freeze-drying, and analysed by imaging TOF-SIMS equipped with a Bi3+ cluster ion gun. In the positive spectra, we identified phosphocholine, cholesterol, diacylglycerol, phospholipids and triacylglycerol. Phosphocholine was localized to the edge of the fibre, representing the sarcoplasma or endomysium. Weak cholesterol signals were observed in the intracellular areas. High diacylglycerol and low triacylglycerol signal intensities were seen in intracellular spaces of the transversal area of the muscle fibre. In the negative spectra, we identified fatty acids. We observed co-localization of fatty acids and diacylglycerol, which may indicate lipid-storing parts of the skeletal muscle. Thus, TOF-SIMS imaging can be used to depict the heterogeneous localization of lipids in human skeletal muscle.
|
|
| 25. |
- Malmberg, Per, 1974, et al.
(författare)
-
Imaging of lipids in human adipose tissue by cluster ion TOF-SIMS
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Microsc Res Tech. - : Wiley. - 1059-910X .- 1097-0029. ; 70:9, s. 828-35
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biopsies of human subcutaneous adipose tissue were taken from healthy donors. Samples were high-pressure frozen, freeze-fractured, and freeze dried. Imaging mass spectrometry of samples was performed in a TOF-SIMS mass spectrometer equipped with a bismuth cluster ion source. Blood vessels, the connective tissue, and adipocytes can be seen in TOF-SIMS images. Blood vessels were found labeled by a high content of sodium ions and potassium ions in their lumen and phosphocholine signal in smooth muscle cells of the vessel wall. The connective tissue showed high signal levels of CN(-) fragments, derived from proteins and nucleic acids. Adipocytes showed high signal levels of phosphocholine and cholesterol ubiquitously in their membranes and diacylglycerols in some membrane sites. The central part of adipocytes showed high levels of triacylglycerols and fatty acids. These results are in accordance to those of biochemical studies; however, a precise spatial localization of lipids in adipocytes is demonstrated with MS imaging.
|
|
