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| 4. |
- Thomas, HS, et al.
(författare)
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- 2019
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 5. |
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| 7. |
- Gregson, J., et al.
(författare)
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Cardiovascular Risk Factors Associated With Venous Thromboembolism
- 2019
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Ingår i: JAMA Cardiology. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 0965-2590 .- 2380-6583 .- 2380-6591. ; 4:2, s. 163-173
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IMPORTANCE It is uncertain to what extent established cardiovascular risk factors are associated with venous thromboembolism (VTE). OBJECTIVE To estimate the associations of major cardiovascular risk factors with VTE, ie, deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This study included individual participant data mostly from essentially population-based cohort studies from the Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration (ERFC; 731728 participants; 75 cohorts; years of baseline surveys, February 1960 to June 2008; latest date of follow-up, December 2015) and the UK Biobank (421537 participants; years of baseline surveys, March 2006 to September 2010; latest date of follow-up, February 2016). Participants without cardiovascular disease at baseline were included. Data were analyzed from June 2017 to September 2018. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Hazard ratios (HRs) per 1-SD higher usual risk factor levels (or presence/absence). Incident fatal outcomes in ERFC (VTE, 1041; coronary heart disease [CND], 25131) and incident fatal/nonfatal outcomes in UK Biobank (VTE, 2321; CHD, 3385). Hazard ratios were adjusted for age, sex, smoking status, diabetes, and body mass index (BMI). RESULTS Of the 731728 participants from the ERFC. 403 396 (55.1%) were female, and the mean (SD) age at the time of the survey was 51.9 (9.0) years; of the 421537 participants from the UK Biobank, 233 699 (55.4%) were female, and the mean (SD) age at the time of the survey was 56.4 (8.1) years. Risk factors for VTE included older age (ERFC: HR per decade, 2.67; 95% CI, 2.45-2.91; UK Biobank: HR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.71-1.92), current smoking (ERFC: HR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.20-1.58; UK Biobank: HR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.08-1.40), and BMI (ERFC: HR per 1-SD higher BMI, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.35-1.50; UK Biobank: HR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.32-1.41). For these factors, there were similar HRs for pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis in UK Biobank (except adiposity was more strongly associated with pulmonary embolism) and similar HRs for unprovoked vs provoked VTE. Apart from adiposity, these risk factors were less strongly associated with VTE than CHD. There were inconsistent associations of VTEs with diabetes and blood pressure across ERFC and UK Biobank, and there was limited ability to study lipid and inflammation markers. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Older age, smoking, and adiposity were consistently associated with higher VTE risk.
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| 8. |
- Kobel, M., et al.
(författare)
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p53 and ovarian carcinoma survival: an Ovarian Tumor Tissue Analysis consortium study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Pathology Clinical Research. - : Wiley. - 2056-4538. ; 9:3, s. 208-222
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our objective was to test whether p53 expression status is associated with survival for women diagnosed with the most common ovarian carcinoma histotypes (high-grade serous carcinoma [HGSC], endometrioid carcinoma [EC], and clear cell carcinoma [CCC]) using a large multi-institutional cohort from the Ovarian Tumor Tissue Analysis (OTTA) consortium. p53 expression was assessed on 6,678 cases represented on tissue microarrays from 25 participating OTTA study sites using a previously validated immunohistochemical (IHC) assay as a surrogate for the presence and functional effect of TP53 mutations. Three abnormal expression patterns (overexpression, complete absence, and cytoplasmic) and the normal (wild type) pattern were recorded. Survival analyses were performed by histotype. The frequency of abnormal p53 expression was 93.4% (4,630/4,957) in HGSC compared to 11.9% (116/973) in EC and 11.5% (86/748) in CCC. In HGSC, there were no differences in overall survival across the abnormal p53 expression patterns. However, in EC and CCC, abnormal p53 expression was associated with an increased risk of death for women diagnosed with EC in multivariate analysis compared to normal p53 as the reference (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.36-3.47, p = 0.0011) and with CCC (HR = 1.57, 95% CI 1.11-2.22, p = 0.012). Abnormal p53 was also associated with shorter overall survival in The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage I/II EC and CCC. Our study provides further evidence that functional groups of TP53 mutations assessed by abnormal surrogate p53 IHC patterns are not associated with survival in HGSC. In contrast, we validate that abnormal p53 IHC is a strong independent prognostic marker for EC and demonstrate for the first time an independent prognostic association of abnormal p53 IHC with overall survival in patients with CCC.
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| 9. |
- Abbafati, Cristiana, et al.
(författare)
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- 2020
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 10. |
- Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., et al.
(författare)
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Determinants of morbidity and mortality following emergency abdominal surgery in children in low-income and middle-income countries
- 2016
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Ingår i: BMJ Global Health. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2059-7908. ; 1:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Child health is a key priority on the global health agenda, yet the provision of essential and emergency surgery in children is patchy in resource-poor regions. This study was aimed to determine the mortality risk for emergency abdominal paediatric surgery in low-income countries globally.Methods: Multicentre, international, prospective, cohort study. Self-selected surgical units performing emergency abdominal surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive children aged <16 years during a 2-week period between July and December 2014. The United Nation's Human Development Index (HDI) was used to stratify countries. The main outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality, analysed by multilevel logistic regression.Results: This study included 1409 patients from 253 centres in 43 countries; 282 children were under 2 years of age. Among them, 265 (18.8%) were from low-HDI, 450 (31.9%) from middle-HDI and 694 (49.3%) from high-HDI countries. The most common operations performed were appendectomy, small bowel resection, pyloromyotomy and correction of intussusception. After adjustment for patient and hospital risk factors, child mortality at 30 days was significantly higher in low-HDI (adjusted OR 7.14 (95% CI 2.52 to 20.23), p<0.001) and middle-HDI (4.42 (1.44 to 13.56), p=0.009) countries compared with high-HDI countries, translating to 40 excess deaths per 1000 procedures performed.Conclusions: Adjusted mortality in children following emergency abdominal surgery may be as high as 7 times greater in low-HDI and middle-HDI countries compared with high-HDI countries. Effective provision of emergency essential surgery should be a key priority for global child health agendas.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Santoro, V., et al.
(författare)
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HighNESS conceptual design report: Volume I
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Neutron Research. - 1023-8166 .- 1477-2655. ; 25:3-4, s. 85-314
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The European Spallation Source, currently under construction in Lund, Sweden, is a multidisciplinary international laboratory. Once completed to full specifications, it will operate the world’s most powerful pulsed neutron source. Supported by a 3 million Euro Research and Innovation Action within the EU Horizon 2020 program, a design study (HighNESS) has been completed to develop a second neutron source located below the spallation target. Compared to the first source, designed for high cold and thermal brightness, the new source has been optimized to deliver higher intensity, and a shift to longer wavelengths in the spectral regions of cold (CN, 2–20 Å), very cold (VCN, 10–120 Å), and ultracold (UCN, >500 Å) neutrons. The second source comprises a large liquid deuterium moderator designed to produce CN and support secondary VCN and UCN sources. Various options have been explored in the proposed designs, aiming for world-leading performance in neutronics. These designs will enable the development of several new instrument concepts and facilitate the implementation of a high-sensitivity neutron-antineutron oscillation experiment (NNBAR). This document serves as the Conceptual Design Report for the HighNESS project, representing its final deliverable.
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| 13. |
- Santoro, V., et al.
(författare)
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HighNESS conceptual design report: Volume II. the NNBAR experiment.
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Neutron Research. - 1023-8166 .- 1477-2655. ; 25:3-4, s. 315-406
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A key aim of the HighNESS project for the European Spallation Source is to enable cutting-edge particle physics experiments. This volume presents a conceptual design report for the NNBAR experiment. NNBAR would exploit a new cold lower moderator to make the first search in over thirty years for free neutrons converting to anti-neutrons. The observation of such a baryon-number-violating signature would be of fundamental significance and tackle open questions in modern physics, including the origin of the matter-antimatter asymmetry. This report shows the design of the beamline, supermirror focusing system, magnetic and radiation shielding, and anti-neutron detector necessary for the experiment. A range of simulation programs are employed to quantify the performance of the experiment and show how background can be suppressed. For a search with full background suppression, a sensitivity improvement of three orders of magnitude is expected, as compared with the previous search. Civil engineering studies for the NNBAR beamline are also shown, as is a costing model for the experiment.
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| 15. |
- Anastasopoulos, M., et al.
(författare)
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Multi-Grid detector for neutron spectroscopy : Results obtained on time-of-flight spectrometer CNCS
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Instrumentation. - : IOP PUBLISHING LTD. - 1748-0221. ; 12:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Multi-Grid detector technology has evolved from the proof-of-principle and characterisation stages. Here we report on the performance of the Multi-Grid detector, the MG.CNCS prototype, which has been installed and tested at the Cold Neutron Chopper Spectrometer, CNCS at SNS. This has allowed a side-by-side comparison to the performance of 3He detectors on an operational instrument. The demonstrator has an active area of 0.2 m2. It is specifically tailored to the specifications of CNCS. The detector was installed in June 2016 and has operated since then, collecting neutron scattering data in parallel to the He-3 detectors of CNCS. In this paper, we present a comprehensive analysis of this data, in particular on instrument energy resolution, rate capability, background and relative efficiency. Stability, gamma-ray and fast neutron sensitivity have also been investigated. The effect of scattering in the detector components has been measured and provides input to comparison for Monte Carlo simulations. All data is presented in comparison to that measured by the 3He detectors simultaneously, showing that all features recorded by one detector are also recorded by the other. The energy resolution matches closely. We find that the Multi-Grid is able to match the data collected by 3He, and see an indication of a considerable advantage in the count rate capability. Based on these results, we are confident that the Multi-Grid detector will be capable of producing high quality scientific data on chopper spectrometers utilising the unprecedented neutron flux of the ESS.
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| 16. |
- Bhattacharya, S, et al.
(författare)
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Public health. The cholera crisis in Africa.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Science (New York, N.Y.). - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1095-9203 .- 0036-8075. ; 324:5929
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Long-lasting cholera outbreaks in Africa suggest limitations in the current strategy of disease control.
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| 17. |
- Adroja, D. T., et al.
(författare)
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Competing 4 f-electron dynamics in Ce(Ru1-xFex)(2)Al-10 (0
- 2013
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Ingår i: Physical Review B (Condensed Matter and Materials Physics). - 1098-0121. ; 87:22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have carried out muon spin relaxation (mu SR), neutron diffraction, and inelastic neutron scattering (INS) investigations on polycrystalline samples of Ce(Ru1-xFex)(2)Al-10 (x = 0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.8, and 1) to investigate the nature of the ground state (magnetic ordered versus paramagnetic) and the origin of the spin-gap formation as evident from the bulk measurements in the end members. Our zero-field mu SR spectra clearly reveal coherent two-frequency oscillations at low temperature in x = 0, 0.3, and 0.5 samples, which confirm the long-range magnetic ordering of the Ce moment with Neel temperature T-N = 27, 26, and 21 K, respectively. On the other hand, the mu SR spectra of x = 0.8 and x = 1 down to 1.4 K and 0.045 K, respectively, exhibit a temperature-independent Kubo-Toyabe term, confirming a paramagnetic ground state. The long-range magnetic ordering in x = 0.5 below 21 K has been confirmed through the neutron diffraction study. INS measurements of x = 0 clearly reveal the presence of a sharp inelastic excitation near 8 meV between 5 K and 26 K, due to an opening of a gap in the spin excitation spectrum, which transforms into a broad response at and above 30 K. Interestingly, at 4.5 K, the spin-gap excitation broadens in x = 0.3 and exhibits two clear peaks at 8.4(3) and 12.0(5) meV in x = 0.5. In the x = 0.8 sample, which remains paramagnetic down to 1.2 K, there is a clear signature of a spin gap of 10-12 meV at 7 K, with a strong wave-vector-dependent intensity. Evidence of a spin gap of 12.5(5) meV has also been found in x = 1. The observation of a spin gap in the paramagnetic samples (x = 0.8 and 1) is an interesting finding in this study, and it challenges our understanding of the origin of the semiconducting gap in CeT2Al10 (T = Ru and Os) compounds in terms of a hybridization gap opening only a small part of the Fermi surface, gapped spin waves, or a spin-dimer gap.
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| 18. |
- Backis, A., et al.
(författare)
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Time- and energy-resolved effects in the boron-10 based multi-grid and helium-3 based thermal neutron detectors
- 2021
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Ingår i: Measurement science and technology. - : IOP PUBLISHING LTD. - 0957-0233 .- 1361-6501. ; 32:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The boron-10 based multi-grid detector is being developed as an alternative to helium-3 based neutron detectors. At the European Spallation Source, the detector will be used for time-of-flight neutron spectroscopy at cold to thermal neutron energies. The objective of this work is to investigate fine time- and energy-resolved effects of the Multi-Grid detector, down to a few mu eV, while comparing it to the performance of a typical helium-3 tube. Furthermore, it is to characterize differences between the detector technologies in terms of internal scattering, as well as the time reconstruction of similar to mu s short neutron pulses. The data were taken at the Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin, where the Multi-Grid detector and a helium-3 tube were installed at the ESS test beamline, V20. Using a Fermi-chopper, the neutron beam of the reactor was chopped into a few tens of mu s wide pulses before reaching the detector, located a few tens of cm downstream. The data of the measurements show an agreement between the derived and calculated neutron detection efficiency curve. The data also provide fine details on the effect of internal scattering, and how it can be reduced. For the first time, the chopper resolution was comparable to the timing resolution of the Multi-Grid detector. This allowed a detailed study of time- and energy resolved effects, as well as a comparison with a typical helium-3 tube.
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| 19. |
- Bhattacharya, S. K., et al.
(författare)
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5 year efficacy of a bivalent killed whole-cell oral cholera vaccine in Kolkata, India: A cluster-randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
- 2013
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Ingår i: Lancet. Infectious Diseases. - 1473-3099 .- 1474-4457. ; 13:12, s. 1050-1056
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Efficacy and safety of a two-dose regimen of bivalent killed whole-cell oral cholera vaccine (Shantha Biotechnics, Hyderabad, India) to 3 years is established, but long-term efficacy is not. We aimed to assess protective efficacy up to 5 years in a slum area of Kolkata, India. Methods: In our double-blind, cluster-randomised, placebo-controlled trial, we assessed incidence of cholera in non-pregnant individuals older than 1 year residing in 3933 dwellings (clusters) in Kolkata, India. We randomly allocated participants, by dwelling, to receive two oral doses of modified killed bivalent whole-cell cholera vaccine or heat-killed Escherichia coli K12 placebo, 14 days apart. Randomisation was done by use of a computer-generated sequence in blocks of four. The primary endpoint was prevention of episodes of culture-confirmed Vibrio cholerae O1 diarrhoea severe enough for patients to seek treatment in a health-care facility. We identified culture-confirmed cholera cases among participants seeking treatment for diarrhoea at a study clinic or government hospital between 14 days and 1825 days after receipt of the second dose. We assessed vaccine protection in a per-protocol population of participants who had completely ingested two doses of assigned study treatment. Findings: 69 of 31932 recipients of vaccine and 219 of 34968 recipients of placebo developed cholera during 5 year follow-up (incidence 2·2 per 1000 in the vaccine group and 6·3 per 1000 in the placebo group). Cumulative protective efficacy of the vaccine at 5 years was 65% (95% CI 52-74; p<0·0001), and point estimates by year of follow-up suggested no evidence of decline in protective efficacy. Interpretation: Sustained protection for 5 years at the level we reported has not been noted previously with other oral cholera vaccines. Established long-term efficacy of this vaccine could assist policy makers formulate rational vaccination strategies to reduce overall cholera burden in endemic settings. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the governments of South Korea and Sweden. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.
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| 20. |
- Telling, M. T. F., et al.
(författare)
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Pressure-dependent spin fluctuations and magnetic structure in the topologically frustrated spin glass alloy Y(Mn0.95Al0.05)(2)
- 2012
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Ingår i: Physical Review B (Condensed Matter and Materials Physics). - 1098-0121. ; 85:18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Longitudinal field (LF = 110 G) muon spin relaxation (mu SR) has been used to investigate the pressure dependence (P < 4.5 kbar) of paramagnetic spin fluctuations in the spin glass alloy Y(Mn0.95Al0.05)(2) via observation of the mu(+) spin depolarization. External mechanical force is seen to counteract the Al-induced chemical pressure, fully delocalizing the Mn moment and altering the nature of the spin fluctuation spectrum sensed by the muon. A qualitative change in the functional form of the mu(+) spin depolarization is observed. Complementary ambient and high-pressure neutron diffraction measurements suggest not only pressure-dependent structural transitions but also the instability of the localized manganese moment. The ambient and high-pressure mu(+) spin depolarization results from Y(Mn0.95Al0.05)(2) are likened to P = 0 results reported for other Y(Mn1-xAlx)(2) alloys. Finally, the possibility of using mu(+) spin depolarization rates to predict experimental inelastic neutron scattering (INS) line widths is considered; the muon having the potential to provide information equivalent to that obtained via INS but with greatly reduced data collection times.
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| 21. |
- Nilsen, G. J., et al.
(författare)
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Pair correlations, short-range order, and dispersive excitations in the quasi-kagome quantum magnet volborthite
- 2011
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Ingår i: Physical Review B (Condensed Matter and Materials Physics). - 1098-0121. ; 84:17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present spatial and dynamic information on the s = 1/2 distorted kagome antiferromagnet volborthite, Cu3V2O7(OD)(2) center dot 2D(2)O, obtained by polarized and inelastic neutron scattering. The instantaneous structure factor, S(Q), is dominated by nearest-neighbor pair correlations, with short-range order at wave vectors Q(1) = 0.65(3) angstrom(-1) and Q(2) = 1.15(5) angstrom(-1) emerging below 5 K. The excitation spectrum, S(Q,omega), reveals two steep branches dispersing from Q(1) and Q(2), and a flat mode omega(f) = 5.0(2) meV. The results allow us to identify the crossover at T* similar to 1 K in V-51 NMR and specific-heat measurements as the buildup of correlations at Q(1). We compare our data to theoretical models proposed for volborthite, and also demonstrate that the excitation spectrum can be explained by spin-wave-like excitations with anisotropic exchange parameters, as suggested by recent local-density calculations.
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| 22. |
- Portnichenko, P. Y., et al.
(författare)
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Momentum-space structure of quasielastic spin fluctuations in Ce3Pd20Si6
- 2015
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Ingår i: Physical Review B (Condensed Matter and Materials Physics). - 1098-0121. ; 91:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Among heavy-fermion metals, Ce3Pd20Si6 is one of the heaviest-electron systems known to date. Here we used high-resolution neutron spectroscopy to observe low-energy magnetic scattering from a single crystal of this compound in the paramagnetic state. We investigated its temperature dependence and distribution in momentum space, which was not accessible in earlier measurements on polycrystalline samples. At low temperatures, a quasielastic magnetic response with a half-width Gamma approximate to 0.1 meV persists with varying intensity all over the Brillouin zone. It forms a broad hump centered at the (111) scattering vector, surrounded by minima of intensity at (002), (220), and equivalent wave vectors. The momentum-space structure distinguishes this signal from a simple crystal-field excitation at 0.31 meV, suggested previously, and rather lets us ascribe it to short-range dynamical correlations between the neighboring Ce ions, mediated by the itinerant heavy f electrons via the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida mechanism. With increasing temperature, the energy width of the signal follows the conventional T-1/2 law, Gamma(T) = Gamma(0) + A root T. The momentum-space symmetry of the quasielastic response suggests that it stems from the simple-cubic Ce sublattice occupying the 8c Wyckoff site, whereas the crystallographically inequivalent 4a site remains magnetically silent in this material.
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| 23. |
- Soliveres, S., et al.
(författare)
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Excess low frequency noise in single-wall carbon nanotube
- 2006
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Ingår i: Fluctuation and Noise Letters. - : WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD. - 0219-4775 .- 1793-6780. ; 6:1, s. L45-L55
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Low frequency noise measurements have been performed on a single-wall carbon nanotube connected by Ti/Au electrodes. It has been found that the 1/f noise decreases when the measurements are undertaken under vacuum and when the nanotube is partially degassed, showing a correlation between the fluctuation inducing the 1/f noise and the presence of gases. We show that the 1/f noise sources are located at the metal/nanotube contacts. When the device is annealed under vacuum at 450K, some Lorentzian shapes are observable and can be related to nanotube defects or to strongly bound molecules. © World Scientific Publishing Company.
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