| 1. |
- Wasserman, D, et al.
(författare)
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Compulsory admissions of patients with mental disorders: State of the art on ethical and legislative aspects in 40 European countries
- 2020
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Ingår i: European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists. - : Royal College of Psychiatrists. - 1778-3585. ; 63:1, s. e82-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background.Compulsory admission procedures of patients with mental disorders vary between countries in Europe. The Ethics Committee of the European Psychiatric Association (EPA) launched a survey on involuntary admission procedures of patients with mental disorders in 40 countries to gather information from all National Psychiatric Associations that are members of the EPA to develop recommendations for improving involuntary admission processes and promote voluntary care.Methods.The survey focused on legislation of involuntary admissions and key actors involved in the admission procedure as well as most common reasons for involuntary admissions.Results.We analyzed the survey categorical data in themes, which highlight that both medical and legal actors are involved in involuntary admission procedures.Conclusions.We conclude that legal reasons for compulsory admission should be reworded in order to remove stigmatization of the patient, that raising awareness about involuntary admission procedures and patient rights with both patients and family advocacy groups is paramount, that communication about procedures should be widely available in lay-language for the general population, and that training sessions and guidance should be available for legal and medical practitioners. Finally, people working in the field need to be constantly aware about the ethical challenges surrounding compulsory admissions.
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| 2. |
- Ozgen, H, et al.
(författare)
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International Consensus Statement for the Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Adolescents with Concurrent Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Substance Use Disorder
- 2020
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Ingår i: European addiction research. - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-9891 .- 1022-6877. ; 26:4-5, s. 223-232
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- <b><i>Background:</i></b> Childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a risk factor for substance misuse and substance use disorder (SUD) in adolescence and (early) adulthood. ADHD and SUD also frequently co-occur in treatment-seeking adolescents, which complicates diagnosis and treatment and is associated with poor treatment outcomes. Research on the effect of treatment of childhood ADHD on the prevention of adolescent SUD is inconclusive, and studies on the diagnosis and treatment of adolescents with ADHD and SUD are scarce. Thus, the available evidence is generally not sufficient to justify robust treatment recommendations. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> The aim of the study was to obtain a consensus statement based on a combination of scientific data and clinical experience. <b><i>Method:</i></b> A modified Delphi study to reach consensus based upon the combination of scientific data and clinical experience with a multidisciplinary group of 55 experts from 17 countries. The experts were asked to rate a set of statements on the effect of treatment of childhood ADHD on adolescent SUD and on the screening, diagnosis, and treatment of adolescents with comorbid ADHD and SUD. <b><i>Results:</i></b> After 3 iterative rounds of rating and adapting 37 statements, consensus was reached on 36 of these statements representing 6 domains: general (<i>n</i> = 4), risk of developing SUD (<i>n</i> = 3), screening and diagnosis (<i>n</i> = 7), psychosocial treatment (<i>n</i> = 5), pharmacological treatment (<i>n</i> = 11), and complementary treatments (<i>n</i> = 7). Routine screening is recommended for ADHD in adolescent patients in substance abuse treatment and for SUD in adolescent patients with ADHD in mental healthcare settings. Long-acting stimulants are recommended as the first-line treatment of ADHD in adolescents with concurrent ADHD and SUD, and pharmacotherapy should preferably be embedded in psychosocial treatment. The only remaining no-consensus statement concerned the requirement of abstinence before starting pharmacological treatment in adolescents with ADHD and concurrent SUD. In contrast to the majority, some experts required full abstinence before starting any pharmacological treatment, some were against the use of stimulants in the treatment of these patients (independent of abstinence), while some were against the alternative use of bupropion. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> This international consensus statement can be used by clinicians and patients together in a shared decision-making process to select the best interventions and to reach optimal outcomes in adolescent patients with concurrent ADHD and SUD.
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| 3. |
- Ozgen, H, et al.
(författare)
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[International Consensus Statement for the Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Adolescents with Concurrent Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Substance Use Disorder]
- 2022
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Ingår i: Zeitschrift fur Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie. - : Hogrefe Publishing Group. - 1422-4917 .- 1664-2880. ; 50:1, s. 54-67
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Eine Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) im Kindesalter stellt einen Risikofaktor für Substanzmissbrauch und Störungen durch Substanzgebrauch (Substance Use Disorder, SUD) in der Pubertät und dem (frühen) Erwachsenenalter dar. ADHS und SUD treten auch häufig bei therapiesuchenden Jugendlichen auf, was die Diagnosestellung und Therapie erschwert sowie mit schlechten Behandlungsergebnissen verbunden ist. Forschungsergebnisse über die Wirkung der Behandlung von ADHS im Kindesalter auf die Prävention von SUD im Jugendalter sind nicht eindeutig und Studien über die Diagnose und Behandlung von Jugendlichen mit ADHS und SUD sind selten. Daher reicht die verfügbare Evidenz allgemein nicht aus, um starke Behandlungsempfehlungen zu rechtfertigen. Fragestellung: Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, eine Konsenserklärung auf der Grundlage von wissenschaftlichen Daten und klinischen Erfahrungen zu erhalten. Methodik: Es wurde eine modifizierte Delphi-Studie durchgeführt, um basierend auf der Kombination von wissenschaftlichen Daten und klinischer Erfahrung mit einer multidisziplinären Gruppe von 55 Expert_innen aus 17 Ländern einen Konsens zu erzielen. Die Expert_innen wurden gebeten, eine Reihe von Aussagen über die Wirkung der Behandlung von ADHS im Kindesalter auf die SUD bei Jugendlichen sowie über das Screening, die Diagnostik und die Behandlung von Jugendlichen mit komorbidem ADHS und SUD zu bewerten. Ergebnisse: Nach drei iterativen Bewertungsrunden und der Anpassung von 37 Aussagen wurde ein Konsens über 36 dieser Aussagen erzielt, die sechs Bereiche repräsentieren: allgemein ( n = 4), Risiko der Entwicklung einer SUD ( n = 3), Screening und Diagnostik ( n = 7), psychosoziale Behandlung ( n = 5), pharmakologische Behandlung ( n = 11) und komplementäre Behandlungen ( n = 7). Der Einsatz von Routinescreenings auf ADHS wird bei adoleszenten Patient_innen in einer Suchtbehandlung ebenso wie Routinescreenings auf SUD bei jugendlichen Patient_innen mit ADHS in allgemeinpsychiatrischen Therapiesettings empfohlen. Langwirksame Stimulanzien werden als Behandlung der ersten Wahl von ADHS bei Jugendlichen mit gleichzeitiger ADHS und SUD empfohlen. Die Pharmakotherapie sollte vorzugsweise in psychosoziale Behandlung eingebettet werden. Die einzige nichtkonsentierte Aussage betraf die Notwendigkeit von Abstinenz vor Beginn einer pharmakologischen Behandlung bei Jugendlichen mit ADHS und gleichzeitigem SUD. Im Gegensatz zur Mehrheit verlangten einige Expert_innen eine vollständige Abstinenz vor Beginn einer pharmakologischen Behandlung, einige waren gegen die Verwendung von Stimulanzien bei der Behandlung dieser Patient_innen (unabhängig von Abstinenz), während einige sich gegen die alternative Anwendung von Bupropion aussprachen. Schlussfolgerungen: Diese internationale Konsenserklärung kann von Kliniker_innen und Patient_innen zusammen in einem gemeinsamen Entscheidungsprozess genutzt werden, um die besten Interventionen auszuwählen und die bestmöglichen Ergebnisse bei adoleszenten Patient_innen mit gleichzeitiger ADHS und SUD zu erzielen.
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| 4. |
- Dom, R., et al.
(författare)
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Design and development of ferrite composite film electrode for photoelectrochemical energy application
- 2014
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Ingår i: Materials Science Forum. - : Trans Tech Publications Ltd. - 0255-5476 .- 1662-9752. - 9783038350675 ; 781, s. 45-61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Development of efficient photoanodes for water splitting under solar light is desirable to surmount the possible fuel crisis in future. Ferrite systems, with their excellent visible light absorption capability, stability, non-toxicity, cost-effectiveness and abundance, are being preferred to titanates, niobates and sulfides. The present work briefly reviews the modified form of ferrites. Additionally, ZnFe2O4 an n-type semiconductor with the low band gap (~1.9eV) has been considered as special case of visible light PEC application. The work further emphasizes on the utilization of solution processed techniques to develop the ferrite photoanodes. The tuning of photoanode properties by virtue of electrode fabrication parameters say deposition parameters viz., precursor concentration, pH, stoichiometry has been reviewed and discussed. © (2014) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.
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| 5. |
- Kaye, S, et al.
(författare)
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Persistence and Subtype Stability of ADHD Among Substance Use Disorder Treatment Seekers
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of attention disorders. - : SAGE Publications. - 1557-1246 .- 1087-0547. ; 23:12, s. 1438-1453
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To examine ADHD symptom persistence and subtype stability among substance use disorder (SUD) treatment seekers. Method: In all, 1,276 adult SUD treatment seekers were assessed for childhood and adult ADHD using Conners’ Adult ADHD Diagnostic Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV; CAADID). A total of 290 (22.7%) participants met CAADID criteria for childhood ADHD and comprise the current study sample. Results: Childhood ADHD persisted into adulthood in 72.8% ( n = 211) of cases. ADHD persistence was significantly associated with a family history of ADHD, and the presence of conduct disorder and antisocial personality disorder. The combined subtype was the most stable into adulthood (78.6%) and this stability was significantly associated with conduct disorder and past treatment of ADHD. Conclusion: ADHD is highly prevalent and persistent among SUD treatment seekers and is associated with the more severe phenotype that is also less likely to remit. Routine screening and follow-up assessment for ADHD is indicated to enhance treatment management and outcomes.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Van de Glind, G, et al.
(författare)
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The International Collaboration on ADHD and Substance Abuse (ICASA): Mission, Results, and Future Activities
- 2020
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Ingår i: European addiction research. - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-9891 .- 1022-6877. ; 26:4-5, s. 173-178
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- <b><i>Background:</i></b> The <i>International Collaboration on ADHD and Substance Abuse</i> (ICASA) is a network of 28 centers from 16 countries initiated to investigate the link between attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and substance use disorder (SUD). In this article, we present the mission, the results of finished studies, and the current and future research projects of ICASA. Methods: During the past 10 years, 3 cross-sectional studies were conducted: two International ADHD in Substance use disorders Prevalence (IASP-1 and IASP-2) studies, directed at the screening, diagnosis, and the prevalence of adult ADHD in treatment-seeking patients with SUD, and the Continuous performance test for ADHD in SUD Patients (CASP) study, testing a novel continuous performance test in SUD patients with and without adult ADHD. Recently, the prospective International Naturalistic Cohort Study of ADHD and Substance Use Disorders (INCAS) was initiated, directed at treatment provision and treatment outcome in SUD patients with adult ADHD. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The IASP studies have shown that approximately 1 in 6 adult treatment-seeking SUD patients also have ADHD. In addition, those SUD patients with adult ADHD compared to SUD patients without ADHD report more childhood trauma exposure, slower infant development, greater problems controlling their temperament, and lower educational attainment. Comorbid patients also reported more risk-taking behavior, and a higher rate of other psychiatric disorders compared to SUD patients without ADHD. Screening, diagnosis, and treatment of this patient group are possible even before abstinence has been achieved. The results of the CASP study are reported separately in this special issue. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The ICASA research to date has demonstrated a high prevalence of comorbid ADHD and SUD, associated with elevated rates of additional comorbidities and risk factors for adverse outcomes. More research is needed to find the best way to treat these patients, which is the main topic of the ongoing INCAS study.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 13. |
- Wapp, M, et al.
(författare)
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Risk Factors for Borderline Personality Disorder in Treatment Seeking Patients with a Substance Use Disorder: An International Multicenter Study
- 2015
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Ingår i: European addiction research. - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-9891 .- 1022-6877. ; 21:4, s. 188-194
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Borderline personality disorder (BPD) and substance use disorders (SUDs) often co-occur, partly because they share risk factors. In this international multicenter study, risk factors for BPD were examined for SUD patients. In total, 1,205 patients were comprehensively examined by standardized interviews and questionnaires on psychiatric diagnosis and risk factors, and it was found that 1,033 (85.7%) had SUDs without BPD (SUD) and 172 (14.3%) had SUD with BPD (SUD + BPD). SUD + BPD patients were significantly younger, more often females and more often diagnosed with comorbid adult attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. SUD + BPD patients did not differ from SUD patients on most risk factors typical for SUD such as maternal use of drugs during pregnancy or parents having any SUD. However, SUD + BPD patients did have a higher risk of having experienced emotional and physical abuse, neglect, or family violence in childhood compared to SUD patients, suggesting that child abuse and family violence are BPD-specific risk factors in patients with SUDs.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Dom, R., et al.
(författare)
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Deposition of nanostructured photocatalytic zinc ferrite films using solution precursor plasma spraying
- 2012
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Ingår i: Materials research bulletin. - 0025-5408 .- 1873-4227. ; 47:3, s. 562-570
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Deposition of pure spinel phase, photocatalytic zinc ferrite films on SS-304 substrates by solution precursor plasma spraying (SPPS) has been demonstrated for the first time. Deposition parameters such as precursor solution pH, concentration, film thickness, plasma power and gun-substrate distance were found to control physico-chemical properties of the film, with respect to their crystallinity, phase purity, and morphology. Alkaline precursor conditions (7 < pH ≤ 10) were found to favor oxide film formation. The nanostructured films produced under optimized conditions, with 500 mM solution at pH ∼ 8.0, yielded pure cubic phase ZnFe 2O 4 film. Very high/low precursor concentrations yielded mixed phase, less adherent, and highly inhomogeneous thin films. Desired spinel phase was achieved in as-deposited condition under appropriately controlled spray conditions and exhibited a band gap of ∼1.9 eV. The highly porous nature of the films favored its photocatalytic performance as indicated by methylene blue de-coloration under solar radiation. These immobilized films display good potential for visible light photocatalytic applications. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 16. |
- Dom, R., et al.
(författare)
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Eco-friendly ferrite nanocomposite photoelectrode for improved solar hydrogen generation
- 2013
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Ingår i: RSC Advances. - 2046-2069. ; 3:35, s. 15217-15224
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For the first time, a ferrite nanocomposite photoelectrode (FNCP) has been fabricated and investigated for photoelectrochemical hydrogen production from water under simulated solar light. The ZnFe2O4:Fe 2O3 nanocomposite photoanode has been fabricated via a single step methodology using a novel approach involving the solution precursor plasma spraying technique. The FNCP is achieved by optimal phase formation during the deposition of the ferrite film (∼10 μm) over a stainless steel substrate. It exhibits an enhanced photoactivity 6 times higher compared to pure ZnFe2O4 (ZFO), under simulated-solar (AM1.5 G) illumination. Its Mott-Schottky characterization reveals an n-type semiconducting behaviour, indicating an order of magnitude higher donor density (Nd ∼ 1017 cm-3) than the pure phase ZnFe2O4 electrode. It also exhibits a low band gap of 1.94 eV demonstrating that it can more efficiently absorb visible light photons than other systems comprising of bare zinc ferrite or iron oxide. The FNCP yielded a solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency of 1.25% under simulated solar radiation (AM1.5 G) with a hydrogen evolution rate of 99 μmol h-1. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of the FNCP revealed a significantly improved charge transfer characteristic compared to ZnFe2O 4. An enhanced photoactivity for the oxidation of water from the FNCP is attributed to its improved optical absorption and better charge transfer properties induced by the existence of Fe2O3 in ZnFe 2O4. © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2013.
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| 17. |
- Dom, Sebastian, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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Kisikongo (Bantu, H16a) present-future isomorphism: A diachronic conspiracy between semantics and phonology
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Historical Linguistics. - : John Benjamins Publishing Company. - 2210-2116 .- 2210-2124. ; 10:2, s. 251-288
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The North-Angolan Bantu language Kisikongo has a present tense (Ø-R-ang-a; R=root) that is morphologically more marked than the future tense (Ø-R-a). We reconstruct how this typologically uncommon tense-marking feature came about by drawing on both historical and comparative evidence. Our diachronic corpus covers four centuries that can be subdivided in three periods, viz. (1) mid-17th, (2) late-19th/early-20th, and (3) late-20th/early-21st centuries. The comparative data stem from several present-day languages of the “Kikongo Language Cluster.” We show that mid-17th century Kisikongo had three distinct constructions: Ø-R-a (with present progressive, habitual and generic meaning), Ø-R-ang-a (with present habitual meaning), and ku-R-a (with future meaning). By the end of the 19th century the last construction is no longer attested, and both present and future time reference are expressed by a segmentally identical construction, namely Ø-R-a. We argue that two seemingly independent but possibly interacting diachronic evolutions conspired towards such present-future isomorphism: (1) the semantic extension of an original present-tense construction from present to future leading to polysemy, and (2) the loss of the future prefix ku-, as part of a broader phenomenon of prefix reduction, inducing homonymy. To resolve the ambiguity, the Ø-R-ang-a construction evolved into the main present-tense construction.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Khemiri, L, et al.
(författare)
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Family History of Alcohol Abuse Associated with Higher Impulsivity in Patients with Alcohol Use Disorder: A Multisite Study
- 2020
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Ingår i: European addiction research. - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-9891 .- 1022-6877. ; 26:2, s. 85-95
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- <b><i>Background:</i></b> Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is to a high degree heritable, and in clinical practice it is common to assert presence of alcohol abuse family history (FH) in treatment-seeking AUD patients. Patients with AUD also exhibit cognitive deficits, including elevated impulsivity and impairments in executive functions (EF), but less is known regarding the relation between FH and these cognitive domains. The aim of the current study was to investigate if alcohol abuse FH in AUD patients is associated with a specific cognitive profile. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Patients with AUD (<i>n</i> = 197) from Sweden (<i>n</i> = 106) and Belgium (<i>n</i> = 91) were recruited. Self-rated impulsivity was assessed by the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS). EF assessed were response inhibition (stop signal task), attention (rapid visual processing task), and working memory (digit span). A series of linear regression models were run to explore the effect of FH on cognitive outcomes. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A FH of alcohol abuse was associated with elevated score in self-rated impulsivity assessed by the BIS, with the greatest effect on the subscale of nonplanning. There was no statistically significant association between FH and any of the other neuropsychological task outcomes. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Presence of alcohol abuse FH within AUD patients could be a marker of higher impulsivity, which may have clinical implications regarding diagnostic evaluation and treatment.
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| 21. |
- Kooij, J. J. S., et al.
(författare)
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Updated European Consensus Statement on diagnosis and treatment of adult ADHD
- 2019
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Ingår i: European psychiatry. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 0924-9338 .- 1778-3585. ; 56, s. 14-34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is among the most common psychiatric disorders of childhood that often persists into adulthood and old age. Yet ADHD is currently underdiagnosed and undertreated in many European countries, leading to chronicity of symptoms and impairment, due to lack of, or ineffective treatment, and higher costs of illness.MethodsThe European Network Adult ADHD and the Section for Neurodevelopmental Disorders Across the Lifespan (NDAL) of the European Psychiatric Association (EPA), aim to increase awareness and knowledge of adult ADHD in and outside Europe. This Updated European Consensus Statement aims to support clinicians with research evidence and clinical experience from 63 experts of European and other countries in which ADHD in adults is recognized and treated.ResultsBesides reviewing the latest research on prevalence, persistence, genetics and neurobiology of ADHD, three major questions are addressed: (1) What is the clinical picture of ADHD in adults? (2) How should ADHD be properly diagnosed in adults? (3) How should adult ADHDbe effectively treated?ConclusionsADHD often presents as a lifelong impairing condition. The stigma surrounding ADHD, mainly due to lack of knowledge, increases the suffering of patients. Education on the lifespan perspective, diagnostic assessment, and treatment of ADHD must increase for students of general and mental health, and for psychiatry professionals. Instruments for screening and diagnosis of ADHD in adults are available, as are effective evidence-based treatments for ADHD and its negative outcomes. More research is needed on gender differences, and in older adults with ADHD.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Martin-Carrasco, M, et al.
(författare)
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EPA guidance on mental health and economic crises in Europe
- 2016
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Ingår i: European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1433-8491 .- 0940-1334. ; 266:2, s. 89-124
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Mayer, S, et al.
(författare)
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European Psychiatric Association (EPA) guidance on post-graduate psychiatric training in Europe
- 2014
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Ingår i: European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 1778-3585. ; 29:2, s. 101-106
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The European Union Free Movement Directive gives professionals the opportunity to work and live within the European Union, but does not give specific requirements regarding how the specialists in medicine have to be trained, with the exception of a required minimum of 4 years of education. Efforts have been undertaken to harmonize post-graduate training in psychiatry in Europe since the Treaty of Rome 1957, with the founding of the European Union of Medical Specialists (UEMS) and establishment of a charter outlining how psychiatrists should be trained. However, the different curricula for post-graduate training were only compared by surveys, never through a systematic review of the official national requirements. The published survey data still shows great differences between European countries and unlike other UEMS Boards, the Board of Psychiatry did not introduce a certification for specialists willing to practice in a foreign country within Europe. Such a European certification could help to keep a high qualification level for post-graduate training in psychiatry all over Europe. Moreover, it would make it easier for employers to assess the educational level of European psychiatrists applying for a job in their field.
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