| 1. |
- Loza, M. J., et al.
(författare)
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Validated and longitudinally stable asthma phenotypes based on cluster analysis of the ADEPT study
- 2016
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Ingår i: Respiratory Research. - : Springer Nature. - 1465-9921 .- 1465-993X. ; 17:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Asthma is a disease of varying severity and differing disease mechanisms. To date, studies aimed at stratifying asthma into clinically useful phenotypes have produced a number of phenotypes that have yet to be assessed for stability and to be validated in independent cohorts. The aim of this study was to define and validate, for the first time ever, clinically driven asthma phenotypes using two independent, severe asthma cohorts: ADEPT and U-BIOPRED. Methods: Fuzzy partition-around-medoid clustering was performed on pre-specified data from the ADEPT participants (n = 156) and independently on data from a subset of U-BIOPRED asthma participants (n = 82) for whom the same variables were available. Models for cluster classification probabilities were derived and applied to the 12-month longitudinal ADEPT data and to a larger subset of the U-BIOPRED asthma dataset (n = 397). High and low type-2 inflammation phenotypes were defined as high or low Th2 activity, indicated by endobronchial biopsies gene expression changes downstream of IL-4 or IL-13. Results: Four phenotypes were identified in the ADEPT (training) cohort, with distinct clinical and biomarker profiles. Phenotype 1 was "mild, good lung function, early onset", with a low-inflammatory, predominantly Type-2, phenotype. Phenotype 2 had a "moderate, hyper-responsive, eosinophilic" phenotype, with moderate asthma control, mild airflow obstruction and predominant Type-2 inflammation. Phenotype 3 had a "mixed severity, predominantly fixed obstructive, non-eosinophilic and neutrophilic" phenotype, with moderate asthma control and low Type-2 inflammation. Phenotype 4 had a "severe uncontrolled, severe reversible obstruction, mixed granulocytic" phenotype, with moderate Type-2 inflammation. These phenotypes had good longitudinal stability in the ADEPT cohort. They were reproduced and demonstrated high classification probability in two subsets of the U-BIOPRED asthma cohort. Conclusions: Focusing on the biology of the four clinical independently-validated easy-to-assess ADEPT asthma phenotypes will help understanding the unmet need and will aid in developing tailored therapies. Trial registration:NCT01274507(ADEPT), registered October 28, 2010 and NCT01982162(U-BIOPRED), registered October 30, 2013.
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| 2. |
- Chen, Lu, et al.
(författare)
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Anchoring single platinum atoms onto nickel nanoparticles affords highly selective catalysts for lignin conversion
- 2021
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Ingår i: Cell Reports Physical Science. - : Elsevier. - 2666-3864. ; 2:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Due to the highly complex polyphenolic structure of lignin, depolymerization without a prior chemical treatment is challenging, and new catalysts are required. Atomically dispersed catalysts are able to maximize the atomic efficiency of noble metals, simultaneously providing an alternative strategy to tune the activity and selectivity by alloying with other abundant metal supports. Here, we report a highly active and selective catalyst comprising monodispersed (single) Pt atoms on Ni nanoparticles supported on carbon (denoted as Pt1Ni/C, where Pt-1 represents single Pt atoms), designed for the reductive depolymerization of lignin. Selectivity toward 4-n-propylsyringol and 4-n-propylguaiacol exceeds 90%. The activity and selectivity of the Pt1Ni/C catalyst in the reductive depolymerization of lignin may be attributed to synergistic effects between the Ni nanoparticles and the single Pt atoms.
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| 3. |
- Fuchino, Katsuya, et al.
(författare)
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Cell-biological studies of osmotic shock response in Streptomyces spp
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Bacteriology. - 0021-9193. ; 199:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most bacteria are likely to face osmotic challenges, but there is yet much to learn about how such environmental changes affect the architecture of bacterial cells. Here, we report a cell-biological study in model organisms of the genus Streptomyces, which are actinobacteria that grow in a highly polarized fashion to form branching hyphae. The characteristic apical growth of Streptomyces hyphae is orchestrated by protein assemblies, called polarisomes, which contain coiled-coil proteins DivIVA and Scy, and recruit cell wall synthesis complexes and the stressbearing cytoskeleton of FilP to the tip regions of the hyphae. We monitored cell growth and cell-architectural changes by time-lapse microscopy in osmotic upshift experiments. Hyperosmotic shock caused arrest of growth, loss of turgor, and hypercondensation of chromosomes. The recovery period was protracted, presumably due to the dehydrated state of the cytoplasm, before hyphae could restore their turgor and start to grow again. In most hyphae, this regrowth did not take place at the original hyphal tips. Instead, cell polarity was reprogrammed, and polarisomes were redistributed to new sites, leading to the emergence of multiple lateral branches from which growth occurred. Factors known to regulate the branching pattern of Streptomyces hyphae, such as the serine/threonine kinase AfsK and Scy, were not involved in reprogramming of cell polarity, indicating that different mechanisms may act under different environmental conditions to control hyphal branching. Our observations of hyphal morphology during the stress response indicate that turgor and sufficient hydration of cytoplasm are required for Streptomyces tip growth.
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| 4. |
- Jalloh, Mohamed F., et al.
(författare)
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Evidence of behaviour change during an Ebola virus disease outbreak, Sierra Leone
- 2020
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Ingår i: Bulletin of the World Health Organization. - : World Health Organization. - 0042-9686 .- 1564-0604. ; 98:5, s. 330-340
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective To evaluate changes in Ebola-related knowledge, attitudes and prevention practices during the Sierra Leone outbreak between 2014 and 2015.Methods Four cluster surveys were conducted: two before the outbreak peak (3499 participants) and two after (7104 participants). We assessed the effect of temporal and geographical factors on 16 knowledge, attitude and practice outcomes.Findings Fourteen of 16 knowledge, attitude and prevention practice outcomes improved across all regions from before to after the outbreak peak. The proportion of respondents willing to: (i) welcome Ebola survivors back into the community increased from 60.0% to 89.4% (adjusted odds ratio, aOR: 6.0; 95% confidence interval, CI: 3.9–9.1); and (ii) wait for a burial team following a relative’s death increased from 86.0% to 95.9% (aOR: 4.4; 95% CI: 3.2–6.0). The proportion avoiding unsafe traditional burials increased from 27.3% to 48.2% (aOR: 3.1; 95% CI: 2.4–4.2) and the proportion believing spiritual healers can treat Ebola decreased from 15.9% to 5.0% (aOR: 0.2; 95% CI: 0.1–0.3). The likelihood respondents would wait for burial teams increased more in high-transmission (aOR: 6.2; 95% CI: 4.2–9.1) than low-transmission (aOR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.4–3.8) regions. Self-reported avoidance of physical contact with corpses increased in high but not low-transmission regions, aOR: 1.9 (95% CI: 1.4–2.5) and aOR: 0.8 (95% CI: 0.6–1.2), respectively.Conclusion Ebola knowledge, attitudes and prevention practices improved during the Sierra Leone outbreak, especially in high-transmission regions. Behaviourally-targeted community engagement should be prioritized early during outbreaks.
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| 5. |
- Klipfel, Nadja, et al.
(författare)
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Mechanistic Insights into the Role of the Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide Ion in Coevaporated p-i-n Perovskite Solar Cells
- 2021
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Ingår i: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1944-8244 .- 1944-8252. ; 13:44, s. 52450-52460
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hybrid lead halide perovskites have reached comparable efficiencies to state-of-the-art silicon solar cell technologies. However, a remaining key challenge toward commercialization is the resolution of the perovskite device instability. In this work, we identify for the first time the mobile nature of bis-(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TFSI-), a typical anion extensively employed in p-type dopants for 2,2'7,7'-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)-9,9'spirofluorene (spiro-OMeTAD). We demonstrate that TFSI- can migrate through the perovskite layer via the grain boundaries and accumulate at the perovskite/electrontransporting layer (ETL) interface. Our findings reveal that the migration of TFSI- enhances the device performance and stability, resulting in highly stable p-i-n cells that retain 90% of their initial performance after 1600 h of continuous testing. Our systematic study, which targeted the effect of the nature of the dopant and its concentration, also shows that TFSI- acts as a dynamic defect-healing agent, which self-passivates the perovskite crystal defects during the migration process and thereby decreases nonradiative recombination pathways.
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| 6. |
- Ohlin, C. André, et al.
(författare)
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Carbon monoxide solubility in ionic liquids : determination, prediction and relevance to hydroformylation
- 2004
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Ingår i: Chemical Communications. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1359-7345 .- 1364-548X. ; :9, s. 1070-1071
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The solubility of carbon monoxide in 37 ionic liquids and in some organic solvents has been determined using high-pressure (13)C NMR spectroscopy; a method for predicting the CO solubility is demonstrated, and it was shown that the rate of the hydroformylation of 5-hexen-2-one does not correlate with the CO solubility, as expected from the determined relative solubility of CO compared to H(2).
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| 7. |
- Pan, Linfeng, et al.
(författare)
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High carrier mobility along the [111] orientation in Cu2O photoelectrodes
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Nature. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 628:8009, s. 765-770
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Solar fuels offer a promising approach to provide sustainable fuels by harnessing sunlight1,2. Following a decade of advancement, Cu2O photocathodes are capable of delivering a performance comparable to that of photoelectrodes with established photovoltaic materials3,4,5. However, considerable bulk charge carrier recombination that is poorly understood still limits further advances in performance6. Here we demonstrate performance of Cu2O photocathodes beyond the state-of-the-art by exploiting a new conceptual understanding of carrier recombination and transport in single-crystal Cu2O thin films. Using ambient liquid-phase epitaxy, we present a new method to grow single-crystal Cu2O samples with three crystal orientations. Broadband femtosecond transient reflection spectroscopy measurements were used to quantify anisotropic optoelectronic properties, through which the carrier mobility along the [111] direction was found to be an order of magnitude higher than those along other orientations. Driven by these findings, we developed a polycrystalline Cu2O photocathode with an extraordinarily pure (111) orientation and (111) terminating facets using a simple and low-cost method, which delivers 7 mA cm−2 current density (more than 70% improvement compared to that of state-of-the-art electrodeposited devices) at 0.5 V versus a reversible hydrogen electrode under air mass 1.5 G illumination, and stable operation over at least 120 h.
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| 8. |
- Vidis, Ana, et al.
(författare)
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Rationalisation of solvent effects in the diels-alder reaction between cyclopentadiene and methyl acrylate in room temperature ionic liquids
- 2005
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Ingår i: Advanced Synthesis and Catalysis. - : Wiley. - 1615-4150 .- 1615-4169. ; 347:2-3, s. 266-274
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Diels-Alder reaction between cyclopentadiene and methyl acrylate in ionic liquids has been studied in detail. The effect of contamination of the ionic liquids by common impurities, viz. sodium and chloride ions, and water, on the selectivity has been investigated. The presence of high concentrations of chloride was found to decrease the selectivity. Anion and, in particular, cation effects have been investigated using an extensive series of air-stable room temperature ionic liquids, and kinetic parameters have been determined. It has been found that strongly interacting groups, particularly electrophilic moieties on the cation, accelerate the formation of the endo products. Substrate solubility intimately connected to the selectivity was found to be mainly anion dependent. An NMR-based solvent parameter scale and semi-empirical models are used to analyse the results and provide a tool for the prediction of selectivities in ionic liquids.
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| 9. |
- Wang, Xuefeng, et al.
(författare)
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Cytotoxicity of ionic liquids and precursor compounds towards human cell line HeLa
- 2007
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Ingår i: Green Chemistry. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1463-9262 .- 1463-9270. ; 9:11, s. 1191-1197
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The toxicity of ethyl-, butyl-, octyl-, benzyl-, and allyl-substituted 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium, alkylpyridinium, N-alkyl-N, N-dimethyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl) ammonium (choline derivatives) and alkyl-triethylammonium salts towards HeLa cells has been studied. The relative toxicities have been determined in the presence and absence of foetal bovine serum using an MTT assay after 24 and 48 h, and attempts to determine possible sources of the observed toxicity investigated using microscopy and by measuring the intracellular calcium concentration, presence of reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial membrane potential in cells exposed to 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate.
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| 10. |
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